2024年高考英语常考中国文化读写专练专题 26：中国文化读写专项：中国园林 中国宝塔 素材积累

优点英语优点英语Lesson5ChineseArchitecture---Gardens中国建筑---园林 Thegardenisoneoftheimportanttypesofarchitecturalart.Itisessentiallyaimedatorganizinganenvironmentrichincharacterandinterestandfullofthebeautyofartisticconceptionthroughtheso-calledfourgardeningelementsincludingmountains,rivers,structuresandplants,aswellastheorganiccomponentssuchasroads,interiorsettings．Incomparisontoordinarystructures,thespiritualcharacterofgardensismoreoutstanding,anditrequiresthatartistshavegreaterandhigheringenuityandimagination． Comparedwithothergardeningsystemsoftheworld,suchasEuropeanorIslamicChinesegardenshavetheirunusualnationalcharacteristics:(1)Payingattentiontonaturalbeauty.Chinesegardenscarryoutprocessingandtransformationoftheoriginalterrainandlandformbyfollowingtheprincipleof"makingitseemlikenature",orseemnaturallyformed,soastosatisfypeople'sfeelingofgettingclosetonature．Thebuildingsingardensdonotfocusonartificial,well-arrangedpatterns,butrathertheyfollowtheexampleofroadsideorriversidepavilionsandbridgesandvillagebuildingsthatcloselyintegratethecountrysidewithnaturalmountainsandrivers,becomingatotalcombinationofarchitecturalandnaturalbeauty.(2)Pursuingmanytwistsandturns.Natureitselfisever-changingandinteresting.Chinesehorticulturistswhoimitatenaturenecessarilymakeeffortstofollowchanging,free-stylecomposition．Althoughnaturedoesnothaveafixedform,ithasafixedway.Therefore,the"freedom"pursuedbytheChinesegardenisnotabsolute.Thereexistsstrictwaysandmethods,onlytheyarenotgeometricmethodsbutnaturalones.Theoperationofthegardenrequiresevenmoregeniusandimaginationthantheregularcompositionofapicture.ItisofacompletelydifferentsystemcomparedwiththeWesternlandscapegardeningtheorywhich“forcenaturetoacceptthesymmetricalrules”-andstressesthesymmetricalpattern,straightroads,regularflowerbedsandponds,thecarpetpattern-likelawnsandtreescutintoageometricshape.(3)Advocatingartisticconception.ThebeautifulenvironmentcreatedbyChinesehorticulturistsdoesnotstopatthestageofformalbeauty,buttriestoexpressinwardfeelingthroughoutwardscenery.Therefore,thecreationoftheappreciationofgardensisaprocessoffull,deep-seatedfeeling.Atthetimeofcreation,onedescribethescenerywithone'sfeeling,whileatthetimeofappreciation,thenaturalsettingstirsupone'sfeeling.Thisatmosphereofcombiningfeelingwithsceneryiswhatiscalledartisticconception.ThekeytothehighorlowlevelandsuccessorfailureinthecreationofChinesegardensdependsontheculturallevel,andthehighorlowlevelandtheinterestofthecreator.ChinesehorticulturebeganintheQinDynasty,andtworoyalgardenconstructionupsurgesoccurredduringtheQin/HanandSui/Tangdynasties.PrivategardenssawgreatdevelopmentduringtheTangandSongdynasties,andenteredthesummarystageintheMingandQingdynasties.TheachievementsingardeningduringtheQingDynastyareworthstillgreaterattention,representinganimportantpartofthethirddevelopmentupsurgeinChinesearchitecture.Almostalloftheexistinggardenswere:preservedduringthisage.TheremainingroyalgardensarenearBeijing,whileprivategardensofahigherartisticlevelaremostlyconcentratedinareassouthoftheYangtzeRiver.TheyconsistthetwomajorschoolsofChinesegardening.（556words）◆Helper:component[kəmˈpəunənt]成分ingenuity[ˌɪndʒiˈnjuiti]心灵手巧,独创性IslamicIslamic[iz'læmik]伊斯兰教的terrain[təˈreɪn]地形，地势pavilion[pə'vɪlɪən]（公园中的）亭，阁楼integrate[ˈintiɡreit]使一体化twist[twist]曲折horticulturist[,hɔrtɪ'kʌltʃərɪst]园艺学家composition[ˌkɔmpəˈziʃən]构图，布置pursue[pəˈsju:]追求geometric[ˌdʒi:əˈmetrɪk]几何学的,几何装饰的symmetrical[sɪˈmetrɪkəl]对称的stirsup引起，激起artisticconception[ɑ:ˈtistikkənˈsepʃən]意境upsurge['ʌpsɜ:dʒ]高潮,高涨◆ChineseBriefIntroduction:我国的园林艺术至今已有三千多年的历史，是世界园林艺术起源最早的国家之一，在世界园林史上占有极重要的位置，并具有极其高超的艺术水平和独特的民族风格。园林是人们为了游览娱乐的方便，用自己的双手创造风景的一种艺术。由于各民族、各地区人们对风景的不同理解和偏爱，也就出现了不同风格的园林。归结起来，世界上的园林可分为三个系统——欧洲园林、西亚园林和中国园林。我国园林有着悠久的历史，它那“虽由人作，宛自天开”的艺术原则，那熔传统建筑、文学、书画、雕刻和工艺等艺术于一炉的综合特性，在世界园林史上独树一帜，享有很高的地位。我国南方江南地区、广东沿海地区和四川一带的园林较富特色，于是便有了所谓江南园林、岭南园林和蜀中园林的称谓。而北京四周及山东、山西、陕西等地的园林风格较为相像，便统称之为北方园林。◆Exercise:I.Questions:1.ListfourgardeningelementsofChinesegardens.2.WhatareunusualnationalcharacteristicsofChinesegardenscomparedwithEuropeangardeningsystems?3.WhatdoesthesuccessorfailureinthecreationofChinesegardensdependon?4.WhatisthedifferencebetweenWesternlandscapegardeningtheoryandChineselandscapegardeningtheory?5.WhyaretheachievementsingardeningduringtheQingDynastyworthstillgreaterattention?II.Writtenwork假如有一批澳大利亚中学生在京旅游，住在北京饭店，请用英语为他们拟一个参观颐和园（theSummerPalace）的口头通知,内容要点如下:(1)参观时间:五月四日，星期三(2)颐和园简介:它是中国最大的保存最完好的皇家园林,风景优美,甚是迷人,有山有水,有皇家建筑和画廊。(3)活动安排:上午自由参观,中午在快餐馆吃午饭,下午5:30返回宾馆。(4)集合时间:星期三早上6:10,汽车6:30出发,行驶45分钟到达。(5)集合地点:宾馆大门口。要求:只能用5个句子表达全部内容。AnnouncementMayIhaveyourattention?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thankyou.That’sall.Thankyou!2.(2009年全国Ⅱ卷)假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Sarah打算暑期来北京旅游，来信询问改建后前门大街的情况。请你写封回信，简单介绍以下内容：1.

简况：长800余米、600多年历史、300余家商铺；2.

位置：天安门广场南面；3.

交通：公共汽车17、69、59等路，地铁2号线；4.

特色：步行街、当当车、茶馆、剧院等。参考词汇：步行街pedestrianstreet；当当车trolleycar；地铁subway注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3.开头语已为你写好，请将完整的回信书写在答题卡上。DearSarah,ThankyouforyourletteraskingabouttherebuiltQianmenStreet.Hereissomethingaboutit.

......Yours,

LiHuaLesson6ChinesePagodas中国宝塔Chinesepagodascomeincarioussizesandshapes----somelookliketowers,otherslikepavilions,stillotherslikepyramids.Somestandalone,whileotherswerebuiltinclusters.MostChinesepagodasareconnectedtotheBuddhisttraditioninChina.TheearliestwerebuiltinthefirstcenturyAD,whenBuddhismwasintroducedtoChinafromIndia.Somewerebuiltforfeudalrulerstocommunewiththeimmortalswhowerebelievedtoliveintheclouds.Othershousedreligiousartifactsandrelics.ThebestexampleoftheseBuddhistpagodasisperhapstheWildGoosePagodainXi'an,ShanxiProvince.Thisseven-story,64.1-meter-high,wood-and-brickstructurewasbuiltinthemid-seventhcenturytohouseBuddhistscripturesbroughtfromIndiabythemonk,XuanZang.ThefamousTangDynastypilgrimtravelerandscholarcollectedmorethan600volumesofscripturesandlatertranslatedthemintoChinese.TheWildGoosePagodaisanarchitecturalmasterpieceandremainsintactandingoodcondition,despite1,300yearsofweatheringandaverystrongearthquake.Atfirst,pagodaswerethecentralbuildingofatemple,aroundwhichthemonksprayed.Later,theywereplacedelsewhereonthetemplegrounds.Inrecentcenturies,somehavebeenbuiltsimplytoadornascenicspot,whileotherswereerectedtoservemorepracticalneeds.InNorthChina,forinstance,pagodaswerebuiltasmilitarywatch-towers.InSouthChina,seasideandriverbankpagodasaidednavigation.SailorsusedtoclimbtheGuangtaPagodaintheHuaishengTempleinGuangzhoutoobserveweatherconditionsbeforegoingtosea.TheLiuhePagodaontheQiantangRiverestuaryinHangshou,ZhejiangProvince,hasservedasalighthousefornavigationforcenturies.Chinesepagodasmaybesquare,polygonalorcircularwitheachstoryseparatedbyprojectingroofsoreaves.Atypicalpagodahasthreemainelements:theundergroundhall,theplatformandthebody.Theundergroundhallusuallyhousedsacredrelics,booksandpaintings.Theplatformmaybeasimplestructure,oritmaybeelaboratelydecorated.Theshaftorthemainpartofthepagodamaybeeithersolidorhollow.Aspiralstairwaysometimesleadsupthroughthiscentralshaft.ImagesoftheBuddhaareusuallycarvedontheoutsidewalls.Pagodas'roofsareoftencrownedwithornatecarvingsordecoratedwithjewels.Basedontheirstyleofconstruction,Chinesepagodasbelongtoseveralcategories.Theycanroughlybeclassifiedintofourcategories.Asmentionedearlier,ancientChinesepagodasmaystandaloneoringroups.ThelargestgroupofpagodasisthePagodaForestatthefamousShaolinTempleinHenanProvince.Thisgroupiscomposedof220brickandstonestructures.Anotherwell-knownexampleistheuniqueBamboo-shootPagodainYunnanProvince.Itconsistsofacentralpagodaintheshapeofalotusflower,surroundedbyeightsmallerones.Fromadistancethegroupsuggestsabamboothicket.(477words)◆Helper:Pagoda[pə'gəudə]n.（尤指佛教的）宝塔pavilion[pə'viljən]n.楼阁,

馆cluster['klʌstə]n.

群,

串immortal[i'mɔ:tl,

i'mɔ:təl]n.不朽的人物,

神artifact['ɑ:rtɪfækt]人工制品intact[in'tækt]adj.

完好无缺的,

原封不动的polygonal[pə'ligənəl]adj.

多角形的,

多边形的eave[i:v]n.

屋檐elaborately[i'læbərətli,

i'læbəritli]adv.精巧地shaft[ʃɑ:ft]n.竖井,杆状物,轴ornate[ɔ:'neit]adj.

装饰的,

华丽的theWildGoosePagodainXi'an,ShanxiProvince山西西安的大雁塔theGuangtaPagodaintheHuaishengTempleinGuangzhou广州怀圣寺塔◆ChineseBriefIntroduction:古印度埋葬佛祖释迦牟尼火化后留下的舍利的一种佛教建筑,汉代时传入中国与中国本土建筑相结合形成了中国的塔这种建筑形式。随着佛教在东方的传播，这种建筑形式也在东方广泛扩散，发展出了塔这种极具东方特色的传统建筑形式。经历了唐宋元明清各朝的发展，并与临近区域的建筑体系相互交流融合，逐步形成了楼阁式塔、密檐式塔、亭阁式塔、覆钵式塔、金刚宝座式塔、宝箧印式塔、五轮塔、多宝塔、无缝式塔等多种形态结构各异的塔系，建筑平面从早期的正方形逐渐演变成了六边形、八边形乃至圆形，其间塔的建筑技术也不断进步结构日趋合理，所使用的材质也从传统的夯土、木材扩展到了砖石、陶瓷、琉璃、金属等材料。14世纪以后，塔逐渐从宗教世界走向世俗世界，因此按照经律系统，塔可以分为佛塔和文峰塔。在东方文化中，塔的意义不仅仅局限于建筑学层面。塔承载了东方的历史、宗教、美学、哲学等诸多文化元素，是探索和了解东方文明的重要媒介。◆Exercise:Questions:1.Theunderlinedwordinthefirstparagraphmeans___________.2.WhenwasBuddhismintroducedtoChina?3.Whowasitthattranslatedmorethan600volumesBuddhistscripturesintoChinese?4.Whatelsecanpagodasbeusedforbesideshousingreligiousartifactsandrelics?5.WhereisherethelargestgroupofpagodasinChina?What’sitsname?SUGGESTEDANSWERS5.ChineseArchitecture---GardensII.Writtenwork1.Boysandgirls,MayIhaveyourattention,please?Ihaveanannouncementtomake.WewillvisittheSummerPalaceonWednesday,June2nd.TheSummerPalaceisthelargestwell-keptroyalparkinChina.Intheparkthereiswatera