Lesson 3 Ships in the Desert 高级英语第一册课件

LessonThreeShipsintheDesertWarm-upDiscussionDetailedStudyUnderstandingofthetextExercisesAssignmentTopicfordiscussionPRESENTATION

Warm-upDiscussion

1.Listtheenvironmentalproblemsexistingonourplanetandgiveexamplesofhumanactivitiesthataffecttheenvironment

deforestation,acidrain,salinificationofsoils,wastegasemission,disposalofbatteries,contaminationofundergroundaquifers,ozonedepletion,oilspills,speciesextinction,desertification,lossofecologicalbalance,globalwarming(greenhouseeffect)…

2.Masspollutionofearth'soceansreachesalarminglevelsThehealthoftheworld'soceansisbeingdestroyedbyhumanbeings,andanewgroupcalledtheSeaweedRebelswantstodosomethingaboutit.It'sallpartoftheso-called"bluemovement"thathopestoraiseawarenessofthedestructionnowbeingdishedoutontotheoceansbymankind.Sojustwhatismankinddoingtodestroytheoceans?Forstarters,bypollutingourriversandstreams,weareindirectlypollutingtheoceans.Allthetoxicwasteproducts,theheavymetals,pesticiderunoff,andothertoxinsthatgointoourriversultimatelyemptyintotheocean.TheMississippiriver,forexample,eventhoughitstartsoutasclean,pristinewatersintheRockyMountains,endsupbecomingapolluted,toxicsoupbythetimeitflushesintotheGulfofMexico.Wealsopolluteouroceanwatersinmanyotherways–wepollutethemwithsoundpollutionthankstosonarbuoyslaunchedbytheU.S.Navy.Inanattempttocreateasonarnetthatcandetectenemysubmarines,weareeffectivelypollutingtheentireoceanwithsound.Thissound,ofcourse,interfereswithboththecommunicationandnavigationofoceancreaturessuchaswhalesanddolphins.Ontopofthat,humansalsousetheoceansasdumpinggroundsforallsortsoftoxicsubstancesandexperimentalprojects.Forexample,nuclearbombsaresetoffintheoceanorontopofsmallislandsinordertotesttheminrelativelylow-populationareas.Cruiseships,ofcourse,regularlydumptheirhumanwasteandtoxicchemicalsdirectlyintotheocean,withnoregardwhatsoeverforcleanlinessorsafetytooceanlife.Therearemanymorewaysinwhichtheoceanisbeingpollutedbymankind,butthebottomlineisthatweashumanbeingshavenotonlydestroyedthebalancedecosystemonplanetearthandhavetakengreatstridestowardwipingouttherainforest,nowwe'realsodestroyingthelife-givingoceansofthisplanetwithalarmingspeed.TheseSeaweedRebelsarenowgatheringforthefirstever"BlueVisionConference"heldinWashington.Atthisconferencetheyareworkingonwaystohelppublicizethesadstateofoceanhealthcausedbymankind,aswellaswaystoinfluencepolicymakersandprivateindustrytobetterrespectthehealthofouroceans.UnderstandingoftheText

TypicalexamplesofdestructionPara1theAralSeathefourth-largestinlandseaintheworldtenyearsagoHotdrysandnowPara2&3Trans-AntarcticMountains(SouthPole)Theenormouschangeintheglobalatmosphereisstillpickingupspeed.Para4&5ArcticOcean(NorthPole)polarairwarms;theicewillthinbecauseofglobalwarming.Para6Equator(midwaybetweenthetwopoles)UnderstandingoftheText

TypicalexamplesofdestructionPara7＆8NoctilucentCloudPara9－15Humankind’sassaultontheearth:someimagesPara16－endThedominantcauseofchangeintheglobalenvironmenthumancivilizationTherealsolutionreinventandfinallyhealtherelationshipbetweencivilizationandtheearthPara.1theAralSeaQuestionforPara.1Whatturnedthemostproductivefishingsiteintoahotdrysand?（WhyistheAraldisappearing?）anill-consideredirrigationschemeItisbecomingsmallerandsmallerbecausethewaterthatusedtoflowintotheseahasbeenturnedawaytoirrigatethelandcreatedinthedeserttogrowcotton.Theschemewasanill-consideredonebecauseitfailedtotakeintoconsiderationtheecologicaleffect.

ThechangeoftheAralSeaTheAralSeaLanguagePointsinPara.1（theAralSea）1.…theprospectsofagoodcatchlookedbleak.Itwasnotatallpossibletocatchalargeamountoffish.Thisisobviouslyanunderstatementbecausewithsandallaroundtherewasnochanceofcatchingfish,tosaynothingofcatchingalotoffish.Thefutureofthisfirmwillbeverybleakindeedifwekeeplosingmoney.要是我们继续亏本的话,这家公司的前途会非常黯淡。ableakprospect前途暗淡Idon'tlikethebleakwintersinMoscow.我不喜欢莫斯科的严冬。LanguagePointsinPara.1（theAralSea）ableakwind寒风Thousandsoftreeswereplantedonthebleakhillsidelastyear.去年在荒凉的山坡上种了数以千计的树。2.Wherethereshouldhavebeengentleblue-greenwaves...therewasnothingbuthotdrysand...Payattentiontothestructure.Theimplicationisthatoncethereweregentlewaveslappingagainstthesideoftheshipbuttherewerenonenow.Instead,intheplaceofthewavestherewerestretchesofsand.LanguagePointsinPara.1（theAralSea）LanguagepointsinPara.13.Theothershipsofthefleetwerealsoatrestinthesand,…thatstretchedallthewaytothehorizon1)Howcouldtheothershipsbeatrestinthesand?Theothershipswerealsoanchoredintheoriginalcoastbutnowwaterhadturnedintosandthereforetheyweresurroundedbysandandcouldnotmove.2)thatstretchedallthewaytothehorizon:thatextendedasfarastheeyecouldsee;thatextendedtothefaroffplacewheretheskymeetstheearth…comparabletothelargestofNorthAmerica’sGreatLakes.1)comparable可以比较的（+with)Ourhouseisnotcomparablewithyours.比得上的（+to）ThemusicofIvringBerlinissobeautifulthatiscomparabletoBeethoven.2)comparative比较的,用比较方法的comparativeliterature比较而言,相对的acomparativesuccess相对而言的成功

Para.2&3

QuestionsforPara.2&31.Whydidthewritertravelaroundtheworld?2.Whydidtheauthorsaythesunglaredthroughaholeinthesky?Wherecomesthehole?3.Whendidthemostsignificantchangeintheearth’satmospherebegin?Whatdoesthechangerefertoandwhatcausedit?

Para.2&3

Answers:1.Hetravelledaroundtheworldbecausehewantedtosee,checkandstudycasesofsuchdestructioninordertofindoutthebasiccausesbehindtheenvironmentalcrisis.2.Itreferstoozonedepletion.臭氧层空洞3.Itbeganwiththeindustrialrevolutionearlyinthe19thcentury.Therisinglevelsofcarbondioxide.Theburningofcoalandoil.Chinahassetuptwoscientificresearchstationsthere:ZongshanStationintheEastandGreatWallintheWest.

(Trans-AntarcticMountainsdividethecontinentintotheEastAntarcticandWestAntarcticsubcontinents.)

LanguagePointsinPara.2&3

Trans-AntarcticMountains(SouthPole)1.…thetunnelhewasdiggingthroughtime:Hewasdrillingtogetsamplesfromtheglacier.Thedeeperhedrilled,thefartherthesampleintime；inotherwords,thesurfaceoftheglacierisanindicationofrecenttimewhilethedeeperpartoftheglaciertellsofsituationofamuchremoteperiod.2.crackedandpeeling:Notetheuseofpastparticipleandpresentparticiple.Onthefacetherewerelinesthatweresplitopenandpiecesofskinwerecomingdown3.Hemovedhisfingerbackintimetotheiceoftwodecadesago.Followingthelayersoficeinthecoresample,hisfingercametotheplacewherethelayeroficewasformed20yearsago.

CleanAirAct

AmericanCongresspassedtheCleanAirActin1970,whichisoneoftheoldestenvironmentallawsoftheU.S.aswellasthemostfar-reaching,thecostliest,andthemostcontroversial.LanguagePointsinPara.2&34.Industrymeantcoal,andlateroil,andwebegantoburnlotsofit─bringingrisinglevelsofcarbondioxide(CO2),withitsabilitytotrapmoreheatintheatmosphereandslowlywarmtheearth.1)industrymeantcoal:Thedevelopmentofindustrymeanttheuseoflargeamountofcoalasfueltogeneratepower2)risinglevel:Theamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospheregrew.3)withitsabilitytotrapmoreheatintheatmosphere:Heatcannoteasilygetthroughcarbondioxideandgointothehighaltitudesocarbondioxideplaystheroleofacover,keepingtheheatneartheearth

askiplane:anairplanewithskisinsteadofwheelsforlandingandtakingoffinthesnow.)Para.3theglobalwarmingseenintheAntarcticWhat’sParagraph3talkingabout?

LanguagePointsinPara.4&5

ArcticOcean(NorthPole)pitchpitchedatent;pitchourcamps搭帐蓬；扎营Tothrowortosssomething抛，扔，投:投或抛出某物沥青LanguagePointsinPara.4&5

ArcticOcean(NorthPole)slab:apiecethatisflat,broadandfairlythickaslabofcake/chocolateLanguagePointsinPara.4&5

ArcticOcean(NorthPole)frigid:Extremelycold寒冷afrigidclimate严寒的气侯2.Notfriendlyorkind冷淡frigidwelcome冷淡的欢迎rendezvous:1.aprearrangedmeetingplace,especiallyanassemblypointfortroopsorships会面地点；指定集合地:预先安排好的会面的地点，尤指部队或船只的集合地点2.Apopulargatheringplace受欢迎的聚会地方Thecaféisafavoriterendezvousforartists.咖啡馆是艺术家们向往的聚会地ThisisoneofthegreatrendezvousofLondonforartists.这是伦敦最大的艺术家云集地之一。LanguagePointsinPara.4&5

ArcticOcean(NorthPole)LanguagePointsinPara.4&5

ArcticOcean(NorthPole)1.tosecurethereleaseofpreviouslytopsecretdata:toensurethemakingpublicofdatawhichwereoriginallyclassifiedastopsecret2.andthenIwasstandinginaneerilybeautifulsnowcape,windsweptandsparklingwhite,withthehorizondefinedbylittlehummocks,or“pressureridges”oficethatarepushedupliketinymountainrangeswhenseparatesheetscollide.1)eerily:mysteriously,esp.insuchawayastofrightenordisturb2)snowcape:sceneofsnowcf.landscape,seascapeandwaterscapeLanguagePointsinPara.4&5

ArcticOcean(NorthPole)3)withthehorizondefinedbylittlehummocks:…withthestretchoficefieldcharacterizedbysmallridgesDefinitionsshouldnotbemoredifficulttounderstandthanthewordstheydefine.词语的定义不应比所解释的词语更难理解.Whenboundariesbetweencountriesarenotclearlydefined,thereisusuallytrouble.国与国之间的边界未明确划定时,通常会发生纠纷。Themountainwassharplydefinedagainsttheeasternsky.那座山在东方天空的衬托下显得轮廓分明.LanguagePointsinPara.4&5

ArcticOcean(NorthPole)Thepowersofajudgearedefinedbylaw.法官的权限是由法律规定的。It'shardtodefineexactlywhathaschanged.很难解释清楚到底发生了什麽变化.LanguagePointsinPara.4&54)Howarethesehummocksformed?Whenseparatelayersofice,broadinextent,strikeviolentlyagainsteachother,iceispushedupintoridgesbytheforceofthecollision.suggestedChineseversion:于是,我便置身于一片神奇瑰丽的冰雪世界中。雪原上寒风劲扫,银光闪耀,其边缘则是一道由连绵起伏的小冰丘或由冰席相撞、相互挤压而形成小型山脉的冰层“压脊”勾勒出的地平线。LanguagePointsinPara.4&5Whycouldthethinningofthepolaricecapbedisastroustotheworld?Becausethepolarcapplaysanimportantroleintheworld’sweathersystem.Theconsequencesofathinningcapcouldbringaboutdramaticchangesintheecologicalpattern.Forexample,itwillbringlargeamountofwaterwhichwillraisetheoceanlevelandcausesomefloods.

3.Consideringsuchscenariosisnotapurelyspeculativeexercise.scenario(s):1.awrittenoutlineofafilm,novel,orstageworkgivingdetailsoftheplotandindividualscenes(电影或舞台剧的)脚本,剧情概要；（小说的）梗概2.Apostulatedsequenceordevelopmentofevents假想中的事态发展情况Apossiblescenarioisthathewasattackedafteropeningthefrontdoor.一种可能情况是他打开前门后遭到袭击3.Asetting,inparticularforaworkofartorliterature（艺术或文学作品中的）场景ThescenarioisWorldWarTwo场景是第二次世界大战

Paraphrase:Thinkingabouthowaseriesofeventsmighthappenasaconsequenceofthethinningofthepolarcapisnotjustakindofpracticeinconjecture(speculation),ithasgotpracticalvalue.Eskimo

LanguagePointsinPara.6

Equator(midwaybetweenthetwopoles)1.—wherebillowingcloudsofsmokeregularlyblackentheskyabovetheimmensebutnowthreatenedAmazonrainforest.1)Wheredothebillowingcloudsofsmokecomefrom?Theycomefromtheburningoftherainforest.2)Whatismeantby"nowthreatened"?Itmeanstheexistenceoftherainforestisnowindangerasaresultoflarge-scaledestruction.

LanguagePointsinPara.62.Acrebyacre,therainforestisbeingburnedtocreatefastpastureforfast-foodbeef.Bitbybittreesintherainforestarefellandthelandisclearedandturnedintopasturewherecattlecanberaisedquicklyandslaughteredandthebeefcanbeusedinhamburgers.Payattentiontotheconnotationofthetwo"fasts"infastpastureandfastfood.Withthatcomesthe"fast"disappearanceoftherainforest.thedryseasonant.inthewetseason—therainyseasonsimilarly:thefootballseason,thebreedingseason,theplantingseason,theholidayseason,theharvestseason,thecoldseason,thetouristseasoninseason:ant.beoutofseasonseasonv.(seasonsthwithsth:toaddsalt,pepper,etc.tofoodinordertogiveitmoreflavour)e.g.seasonthefoodwithsaltLanguagePointsinPara.63.—whichmeanswearesilencingthousandsofsongswehaveneverevenheard.Sincemilesofforestarebeingdestroyedandthehabitatfortheserarebirdsnolongerexists,thousandsofbirdswhichwehavenotevenhadachancetoseewillbecomeextinct.HowwillthedestructionoftheAmazonrainforestaffecttheearth’secologicalbalance?Fewerrainforestsmeanlessrain,lessoxygenforustobreathe,andanincreasedthreatfromglobalwarming.Noctilucent

cloud(nocti-meansnight;lucentmeansshining)NoctilucentcloudNoctilucentcloudNoctilucentcloud

LanguagePointsinPara.7&8

NoctilucentCloudPara.71.Imagesthatsignalthedistressofourglobalenvironmentarenowcommonlyseenalmostanywhere.Typicalexamplesshowingthedangerousenvironmentalsituationintheworldcanbefoundalmostanywhere.2.…theskyitselfoffersanotherghostlyimage:Theskyalonepresentsanotherexampleofillomenshowingthereisecologicalimbalanceandthiskindofimbalanceisdeveloping

LanguagePointsinPara.7&8

NoctilucentCloudPara.73.…becauseofahugebuildupofmethanegasintheatmosphere.…becausetherehasbeenabigincreaseofmethanegasintheatmosphere.Howarethenoctilucentcloudsformed?Theyareformedbecauseofthehugebuildupofmethanegasintheatmosphere,releasedfromlandfills,fromcoalminesandricepaddies,frombillionsoftermitesthatswarmthroughthefreshlycutforestland,fromtheburningofbiomassandfromavarietyofotherhumanactivities.LanguagePointsinPara.81.Whatshouldwefeeltowardtheseghostsinthesky?Whatshouldourattitudebetowardtheseterriblesignsofecologicalimbalancesinthesky?2.Simplewonderorthemixofemotionswefeelatthezoo?themixofemotionswefeelatthezoo:ontheonehandwefeelexcitedaboutseeingthoseanimals,butontheotherhand,wefeelsorryforthembecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoffreedom.Shoulditonlybeafeelingofsurpriseandadmirationoracombinationofdifferentfeelingsweexperienceinthezoo?LanguagePointsinPara.83....justasmenteartusksfromelephants’headsinsuchquantityastothreatenthebeastwithextinction:Menarekillingsuchlargenumberofelephantsfortheirtusksthatthespecieswillsoonextinct.4.rip:tearorpull(sth)quicklyordorciblyawayfromsth.orsomeoneBecarefulwiththatdress;itripseasily.小心那件连衣裙,很容易破.Theposterhadbeenrippedtopieces.那张广告画已被撕得粉碎。LanguagePointsinPara.8Irippedmystockingonanail.一个钉子挂破了我的袜子。letrip:(informal)dosomethingorproceedvigorouslyorwithoutrestraint全力以赴；无拘无束行事letsomethingrip(informal)allowsomething,especiallyavehicle,togoatfullspeedutterorexpresssomethingforcefullyandnoisilyripinto(informal)makeavehementverbalattackonLanguagePointsinPara.8Theshoptriedtoripmeoff.那商店想欺骗我.(cheatsb.especiallyfinancially)ripsomethingup:tearsomethingviolentlyintosmallpiecessoastodestroyit…wearerippingmatterfromitsplaceintheearthinsuchvolumeastoupsetthebalancebetweendaylightanddarkness:…weareusinganddestroyingresourcesinsuchvolumethatwearedisturbingthebalancebetweendaylightanddarkness.LanguagePointsinPara.85.…changingthechemistryoftheupperatmosphere:…changingthechemicalcompositionofatmosphereinhighaltitude6.Orhaveoureyesadjustedsocompletelytothebrightlightsofcivilizationthatwecan’tseethesecloudsforwhat…andtheearth?Orhavewebeensoaccustomedtothebrightelectriclightsthatwefailtounderstandthethreateningimplicationoftheseclouds,thatitisaglaringsignoftheviolentclashbetweenhumanactivityandnature?Para.9

Whatarethesurprisingexperiencesthatsignalthedamagefromourassaultontheenvironmentmentionedinit?

morehotdaysquickersunburnmoredebateongarbagedisposingmatter

LanguagePointsinPara.9–15

Humankind’sassaultontheearth:someimagesQuestionforPara.9Whydoesthewritersay“ourresponsetothesesignalsispuzzling”?

LanguagePointsinPara.9–15

Humankind’sassaultontheearth:someimagesLanguagepointsinPara.9(human’spuzzlingresponse)...whetherit’sthenewfrequencyofdayswhenthetemperatureexceeds100degrees,thenewspeedwith…publicdebateoverwhattodowithgrowingmountainsofwaste:whetheritisthefactthatrecentlytherearemorehotdayswhenthetemperatureisover100degreesF,orthefactthatthesunburnsourskinmorequicklyinrecenttimes,orthefactthatthedebateoverthewayofdisposingofthegrowingamountofwastemattercomesupmorefrequentlyLanguagePointsinPara.9-15LanguagepointsinPara.92.Whyhaven'twelaunchedamassiveefforttosaveourenvironment?Whyhaven'twestartedalarge-scalemovementtosaveourenvironment?3.Whydosomeimagesstartleusintoimmediateactionandfocusourattentiononwaystorespondeffectively?Whydosomesymbolssoalarmusthatweimmediatelytakeactionandconcentrateonwaysofdealingwiththemeffectively?someimages:e.g.whitepollution,(immediateaction:stopproducing)sandstorm(immediateaction:plantgrassandtrees)LanguagePointsinPara.9-144.Andwhydootherimages,thoughsometimesequallydramatic,produceinsteadakindofparalysis,focusing…lesspainfuldistraction?Andwhydoothersymbols,thoughsometimesnolessstriking,onlycauseakindoflossandinactivityandweconcentrateourattentionnotonthewaystodealwiththembutinstead,onsomeothersubstituteswhichareeasytogetandlesspainful?otherimages:e.g.gasesfromcars(distraction:peoplestillwantcars,andhaveaneasyandlesspainfulwaytodealwiththisissue.)LanguagePointsinPara.9-14LanguagepointsinPara.10itmaybehelpfultoclassifythemandthusbegintoorganizeourthoughtsandfeelingssothatwemaybeabletorespondappropriately:itmaybeusefultoarrangethemintodifferentgroups,thusgettingourthoughtsandfeelingsstraightenedoutsothatwewillbeabletotakethemostsuitableactionLanguagepointsinPara.11Whatkindofconflictwillbeconsideredas"strategic"conflict?Onlystrugglethatwillendangeranation'sexistenceandmustbeviewedagainstthebackgroundoftheworldwillbeconsideredas"strategic"conflict.LanguagePointsinPara.9-15LanguagepointsinPara.12Inbothofthesecategories,theremaybesomanysimilarinstances…theoperationoftheglobalenvironmentisnotaffectedandthesurvivalofcivilizationisnotatstake.1)…thepatternappearstobeglobal:Itseemsthattheproblemhasacquiredaglobalnaturesincesomanysimilarthingsoccuratthesametimeallovertheworld2)Whyaren'ttheproblemsregardedasstrategic?Becausetheworkingofworldenvironmentasawholehasnotbeenaffectedandtheexistenceofmankindhasnotbeenendangered.LanguagePointsinPara.9-15LanguagepointsinPara.13Theincreasedlevelsofchlorinedisrupttheglobalprocessbywhichtheearthregulatestheamountofultravioletradiationformthesun…willalsoincrease─tothepointthatallanimalandplantlifewillfaceanewthreattotheirsurvival.TheincreaseoftheamountofchlorinedisturbstheusualwayofhandlingandcontrollingtheamountofultravioletradiationtheearthreceivesLanguagePointsinPara.9-15LanguagepointsinPara.14Theconcentrationofcarbondioxideandotherheat-absorbingmoleculeshasincreasedbyalmost25percentsince…threattotheearth’sabilitytoregulatetheamountofhearfromthesunretainedintheatmosphere.Asaresultoftheincreaseofthoseparticlesthatcantakeinheat,lessheatisreleasedintothehighaltitudeandmoreheatiskeptintheatmospherethaninthepast.Thiswillmaketheclimateoftheworldwarmer.Question:Whyisglobalwarmingconsideredastrategicthreat?

LanguagePointsinPara.9-15Classifytheimagesofenvironmentaldestructionaccordingtothemilitarycategories(Para.12-14).Localskirmishes:waterpollution,airpollution,illegalwastedumpingRegionalbattles:acidrain,thecontaminationofundergroundaquifers,largeoilspillsStrategicconflicts:localandregionalproblemsoccurringsimultaneouslyallovertheworldtheincreasedlevelsofchlorine,globalwarming

Acidrain（酸雨）:rainwithahighconcentrationofacidsproducedbysulfurdioxide(二氧化硫),nitrogenoxide(氧化氮),etc.emittedduringthecombustion（氧化）offossilfuels;ithasadestructiveeffectonplantandaquatic(水中的)life,buildings,etccontamination:cf.pollution:Pollutionisatermtodescribethedegradingoftheenvironmentinsomeway—theairwebreatheorthewaterwedrinkorwashincanbepollutedwhenitiscontaminatedbysomeforeignorunwantedmaterial,e.g.engineoilorchemicalsinwater,smoke,orcarexhaustintheair.Wetalkaboutairpollutionorwaterpollution—notwatercontaminationbut“pollution”isthemorecommonterm.Contaminationisamorescientifictermusedtodescribeasubstancecontaminatingorspoilingsomethingsuchasanexperiment,e.g.thewaterpurityexperimentwascontaminatedbyanoutsidechemical.Wewouldnotsay“polluted”inthiscase..

LanguagePointsinPara.9-15

Para.151.Butthesechanges...ecologicalsystemAlthoughsometimesthesechangesseemtobetakingplaceeverywhereintheworldtheyhave,untilrecently,beenrelativelyinsignificantintheirinfluenceontheecologicalsystemoftheworld.2.Butitisprecisely...environmentWhatweshouldgetridofisexactlythatkindofviewwhichhasbeentakenforgranted.Onlywhenwehavedroppedsuchaviewcanwethinkinalongterm,overallwayaboutourrelationshiptotheenvironment.

LanguagePointsinPara.16–end

Para.161.Yetweresistthistruthandfindithardtoimaginethatoureffectontheearthmustnowbemeasured…ortheforceofthewindagainstthemountains.…thatweshouldtreatoureffectontheearththesameasthemoon'sgravitationalpullontheoceansorthewind'seffectonthemountainsandmeasureoureffectinthesamewayaswemeasuretheeffectofnaturalforces2.…surelywemustacknowledgeanewresponsibilitytousethatpower…appropriaterestraint:…ofcoursewemustrecognizethatwehavetheresponsibilitytousethenewlyacquiredcapabilityinaprudentwayandwithproperrestraint

LanguagePointsinPara.16–end

Para.163.Sofar,however,weseemobliviousofthefragilityoftheearth’snaturalsystems.Uptillnow,weseemtobeunawareofthefactthattheearth'snaturalsystemsareverydelicateandcaneasilybedisrupted.

LanguagePointsinPara.15–end

Para.171.…thatdefinethephysicalrealityofourrelationshiptotheearth:…thatdeterminetheactualstateofourrelationshipwithnature2.asuddenandstartlingsurgeinhumanpopulation...thephysicalmatterthatmakesuptheearth1)…withtheadditionofoneChina’sworthofpeopleeverytenyears:everytenyearsthenewly-addedpopulationwillequalthepopulationofChina;everytenyears,onemoreChina'spopulationwillbeaddedtothepopulationoftheworld2)…asuddenaccelerationofthescientificandtechnologicalrevolution:thescientificandtechnologicalrevolutionsuddenlydevelopsmorerapidlyPara.173)…whichhasallowedanalmostunimaginablemagnificationofourpowertoaffecttheworldaroundus:…whichhasincreasedourpowertoinfluencetheworldaroundustosuchadegreethatcanhardlybeconceived

Para.18…whenviewedinahistoricalcontext:…whenwelookatthematterfromahistoricalpointofview

Para.19Now,inthecourseofonehumanlifetime...anditisalreadymorethanhalfwaythere1)…inthecourseofourhumanlifetime:….duringthelifespanofanindividual2)mine:referringtomylifetime3)…itisalreadymorethanhalfwaythere:…theworldpopulationisalreadymorethanhalfofthatfigurePara.201.Likethepopulationexplosion,thescientificandtechnological...hasalsosuddenlyacceleratedexponentially1)exponential:oforrelatingtoanexponent(数学中的指数如B³)2)…hasalsosuddenlyacceleratedexponentially:…hasalsosuddenlydevelopedataspeedthatdoubledandtripledtheoriginalspeed2.Whilenosinglediscoveryhashadthekindofeffecton…asunthinkableastheconsequencesofunrestrainednuclearwar.1)…whilenosinglediscoveryhashadthekindofeffecton…towarfare:…althoughnoindividualdiscoveryhaschangedhumanrelationshiptotheearthsomuchthatitiscomparabletothenuclearweaponswhichhavebroughttremendouschangetotherelationshipbetweenmanandwarfarePara.202)…theyhavecompletelytransformedourcumulativeabilitytoexploittheearthforsustenance:Originally,ourabilitytoutilizetheearthproductivelyforsurvivalgrewbygradualadditionbutnowthesediscoverieshavechangedtheabilityfundamentally.3)―makingtheconsequencesofunrestrainednuclearwar:―thisincreasedabilityhasmadetheresultsofunlimiteduseofglobalresourcesaltogetherasterribleastheresultsoffull-scalenuclearwarPara.211.Ourchallengeistorecognizethatthestartlingimages…toshockandawakenus.Ourtaskistoseeandtounderstandthatthosefrighteningexamplesofenvironmentaldestructionthatarehappeningallovertheworldnotonlyc