Unit2UnderstandingeachotherGrammarandusage课件高中英语译林版（2020）选择性

Unit2UnderstandingeachotherGrammarandusageGeorgeBernardShaw,

20thcenturywriter“AmericaandEnglandaretwocountriesdividedbyacommonlanguage.”Step1:Lead-inAlthoughUKandUSAspeakacommonlanguage,differencesexist.DoyouknowsomeofthemStep1:Lead-inStep1:Lead-in

DifferencesbetweenA.E.&B.E.AmericanEnglishBritishEnglishExamples跳舞足球颜色[dæns][dɑːns]footballsoccercolorcolourAspectspronunciationvocabularyspellingcommunicationstylesStep2:ReadingCommunicationstylesIntheUK:

IntheUSA:indirectBritishpeopleareespeciallypolitewhencommunicating.directAmericanstendtogetstraighttothepointwhencommunicating.个人记叙一个重要的差别

关于，至于

留下印象

对…有偏好

直奔主题

UsefulExpressionsapersonalaccount...asignifcantgapintermsofleaveanimpressiononhaveapreferenceforgostraighttothepointBelowisapersonalaccountbyaChinesestudentwhostudiedintheUKandtheUSA.Findthesentenceswithrelativeclausesandfillinthetablebelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.个人陈述12345restrictiverelativeclause限制性定语从句non-restrictiverelativeclause非限制性定语从句AExploringtherulesrelativeclauses定语从句necessaryadditionalthatArestrictiverelativeclauseisusedtomodifyanoun,pronounornounphraseandgives(1)____________informationaboutit.Fortheclause,thereisnocommabeforeit.Anon-restrictiveclausegives(2)____________informationabouta

noun,pronounornounphraseinthesentence,orthemainclause.Wecannotuse(3)____________tointroduceit.necessaryWorkingouttherulesadditional

that

不能用that和why引导非限制性定语从句关系词

指代在从句中充当的成分关系代词关系副词thatwhich人、物物主、宾、表主、宾、表whowhomwhose人人人、物主、宾宾定（...的）as人、物主、宾、表whenwherewhy时间地点原因时间状语地点状语原因状语ApplyingtherulesB1Fillintheblankswithproperpronouns,relativeadverbsor“preposition+relativepronoun”structure.

1.IntheUK,__________punctualityisveryimportant,youshouldtrynottoarrivelate.2.InThailand,thefoot,__________isconsideredanuncleanpartofthebody,shouldnotbepointedtowardsanotherperson.3.InEurope,therearemanydifferenttypesofgreetings,________cheekkissingisjustoneexample,anditisimportanttoknowwhichonetouse.wherewhichofwhichApplyingtherulesB1Fillintheblankswithproperpronouns,relativeadverbsor“preposition+relativepronoun”structure.

4.Whenwetravel,weshouldpayattentiontosituations________/___________theremightbeunwrittenrules,suchasgiftgiving.5.Mysister,________worksinJapan,findsitoddthatshehastodoexerciseatthestartofherworkingday.whereinwhichwho没有目的意识到

已婚夫妇

与…相符合

免除尴尬

注意…UsefulExpressionsonpage21havenointentionofbeawareofamarriedcouplecorrespondtospareyourselfembarrassmentmindthat...Thepassagebelowisabouttaboos.Completeitwiththecorrectrelativeclausesintheboxbelow.TherearetwoclauseyoudoNOTneedtouse.Writethelettersintheblanks..B2Atabooissocialbehaviourthatisnotallowed.Therearemanydifferenttaboosaroundtheworld,(1)______.Theyoftenvaryfromsocietytosociety.Taboosareusuallyrelatedtocertainitemsorpeople.Those(2)______arelikelytofeelupsetorembarrassedeveniftheyhavenointentionofhurtingothers,andthesituationwillalsobeawkwardforthepeoplearoundthem.aeB2Whenyoumeetpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Itisimportanttounderstandwhatyoucannotdo.Ifyouarenotawareofthedifferences,(3)______,somestrangethingsmighthappen.Forexample,inChina,givinganumbrellaasagifttoyourfriendoramarriedcouple,exceptwhenitisactuallyraining,shouldbeavoided.Thisisbecausethewordthatcorrespondsto“umbrella”inChinesesoundslikeanotherChineseword(4)______dfB2Beforeyoutraveltoanewcountry,itisagoodideatofindoutaboutthelocaltaboos.Ifyouknowwhattoavoidandhowtobehave,youwillspareyourselfembarrassment.Mindthattabooschangewiththetimes.Somebehavior(5)______mightbeacceptednow.bB2afewofwhichareuniversalbthatwasnottoleratedbeforecwhoseesomeonebreakingataboodwhichmayseemunimportanttousewhobreakstaboosfwhichmeans“toseparate”gthatmakeuppartofacountry’sculturalidentity定语从句的考点突破关系词

指代在从句中充当的成分关系代词关系副词thatwhich人、物物主、宾、表主、宾、表whowhomwhose人人人、物主、宾宾定（...的）as人、物主、宾、表whenwherewhy时间地点原因时间状语地点状语原因状语考点一：要用关系代词还是关系副词？1.Thelittleproblems____________wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.2.Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethose_________aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife.3.Theterribleaccidenthappenedontheday

myfatherleftforAmerica,aday

__

we’llneverforget.

4.Afteraboutanhour’sdrive,wereachedthesmalltown________Iwasbroughtup5.Afteraboutanhour’sdrive,wereachedthesmalltown_____________islocatedatthefootofthemountain.(that/which)whowhen(that/which)wherethat/which小结：①当定语从句中缺主语或宾语，用关系代词，作宾语时，可省略。②当定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，要用关系副词，在定语从句中作状语。6.Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandparcels________filledhisbus.7.Thisisthemostseriousandworstsituation______IhaveeverexperiencedasafanoftheNBA．8.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything________hesawatthefront.小结：①先行词被the

only,

the

very(正是,恰是),

the

last

修饰时

;

② 当先行词既有人又有物,定语从句用that

引导(that既可指人也可指物)③

先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;④先行词是all,everything,

nothing,anything,

little,

much等不定代词时;⑤先行词被all,

any,every,no,some,little,much等词修饰时;

⑥若主句中有疑问代词who,

which时，为了避免重复,关系代词用that.that(that)(that)考点二：只用

关系代词that的情况9.Inextremeweather,aworntyrecanbreakeasilywhereit’smended,________isoftenthecase.10.________youknow,inafootballmatch,playerstrytokickorheadtheballintotheopposingteam’sgoal.11.Mr.BlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,________isthebestseasonthere.12.Thegroundiscoveredwithsnowandice,________makesdrivingverydangerous.asAswhichwhich小结：①位置上：as引导的定语从句可置句首，句中，句尾；which引导的定语从句只能放主句之后②先行词：as修饰整个主句，意思为“正如……一样”；which可以修饰整个主句，意思为“这件事，这一点”；也可以修饰主句的某个名词或代词考点三：as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别13.Theyalsohadasmallpond_______theyraisedfish.14.Theirchildisatthestage__________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.15.TheywenttoLondon,__________theylivedforsixmonths.wherewhere小结：关系副词where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。先行词既可以是具体的地点名词，也可以是抽象的地点名词，如：point,stage,case,situation,condition,position,activity,scene,environment,circumstancewhere考点四：where引导的定语从句16.Behindhimwereotherpeople_______whomhewastryingtotalk,butaftersomeminutestheywalkedawayandsatnearme,lookingannoyed.17.1949wastheyear______whichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.18.Hisnaughtygrandsonhastakenawayhisglasses,______whichtheoldmancanseenothing.toinwithout考点五：介词+which引导的定语从句介词怎么确定呢？①根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配②根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯③根据句子逻辑意思的需要talktosb“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的注意事项1.当定语从句中的谓语动词是固定搭配不可分割时，介词不可提前。19.Thisisthepen

which/thatI’mlookingfor.20.Thisistheprogramwhich/thathelistenedto.常见搭配有：listento/lookat/dependon/lookfor/payattentionto/takecareof/lookafter/takepartin/makeuseof/catchupwith/getalongwith/hearof/lookforwardto等。2.介词of+whom/which可替换由whose引导定语从句。21.Thisisthescientist_______achievementsarewellknown.22.Thisisthescientist,theachievementof______arewellknown.23.Thisisthehouse________windowbrokelastnight.24.Thisisthehouse,thewindowof________brokelastnight.whosewhomwhosewhich3.“名词/代词/数词/表示整体或部分概念的词+介词+关系代词（which/whom）”结构可引出定语从句。25.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof_____

hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.26.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,andmostof_____

hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.27.Thefootballteamhas15members,theoldestof______is25yearsold.28.Thefootballteamhas15members,andtheoldestof______is25yearsold.whichthemwhomthem注意：

并列句有and,but,so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接。

有并列连词用人称代词宾格，无并列连词用关系代词。做题技巧?29.Theway_________________heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.30.Theway_________________heusedtoexplainthesentencetouswasquitesimple.that/which/不填that/inwhich/不填缺状语缺宾语小结：theway做先行词时,先看后面定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语:缺少主语或宾语:that/which/不填(缺宾语时)主语宾语都不缺:that/inwhich/不填考点六：先行词为theway的定语从句31.MyfriendJane,who____(be)veryfriendlytousclassmates,hasavarietyofhobbies.32.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____(have)gotverygoodmarksinthematch.33.Heisoneofthestudentswho_____(have)gotverygoodmarksinthematch.hashaveis先行词的中心词是theonlyone与先行词一致先行词是thestudents考点七：定语从句中的主谓一致问题巩固练习：1.WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakes________whichwecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.2.AttheChineseartfestival,therearedifferentstands________artistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.3.Thenumberofsmokers,_____isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.4.Dr.Rowan,__________secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.5.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlything______heowns.fromwhereaswhosethat6.Wehaveenteredintoanage_______dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.7.Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth________givesofflightinthedark.8.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,_________helpsthemkeepfit.9.Self-driving

is

an

area

_______

China

and

the

rest

of

the

world

are

on

the

same

startingline.10.Manyyoungpeople,mostof______werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.whenwhich/thatwhichwherewhom11.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuttheway_____hesaidit.12.

ButSarah,______hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.13.Jessicaistheonlyoneofthestudentsinmyclasswho___________(admit)intoauniversityinBeijinglastyear.14.Thereason______seniorboystudentshavedifficultyinEnglishlearningisthattheydidn’tbuildagoodfoundationintheirjuniorschools.15.Aftersuccessfullywinningtherighttohostthe2022WinterOlympics,Beijingwillbecometheworld’sfirstcity______hostsbothSummerOlympicsandWinterOlympics.thatwhowasadmittedwhythat高考真题链接：1.(2023全国甲卷)Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,_________RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow”.2.(2023全国甲卷)TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica_______alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulco-existencewithitssurroundings.3.(2023全国乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace___________welcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.4.(2022新高考I卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat_______(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasofgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.aswherethat/whichwere5.(2022新高考I卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies_________livewithin