陕西省西工大附中新高考冲刺押题（最后一卷）英语试卷及答案解析

陕西省西工大附中新高考冲刺押题（最后一卷）英语试卷注意事项：1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。2．选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0．5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。3．请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。4．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Sometimesitseemstobothertheteacher______allthestudentsarebeingtooquiet.A．how B．whatC．that D．where2．worriesthepublicthatairpollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreseriousthesedays.A．It B．That C．What D．This3．Manypeoplecomplainedaboutthestoneslyingonaroad,but_______didanythingaboutgettingthestonesoutoftheway.A．both B．noone C．none D．all4．_______inmylifeimpressedmesodeeplyasmyfirstvisittothePalaceMuseum.A．Anything B．NothingC．Everything D．Something5．Togetaslimfigure,Fannyhastriedmanyways,butinvain.Sonowsheisreducedanythingforsupper.A．tonoteating B．nottoeatC．nottoeating D．tonoteat6．Agathadidn’ttellme______shewouldpickuphersonfromschool.A．whichB．whenC．whereD．what7．Youwillhavetostayathomeallday______youfinishallyourhomework.A．if B．unless C．whether D．because8．—Irene,doyoureallywanttogoout?—Itmayrain.___________,Iwillgoout;Idon’tmindtherain.A．Anyhow B．OtherwiseC．Somehow D．Therefore9．Whatactually______theaccidenthasnotyetbeendetermined.A．broughtout B．broughton C．broughtabout D．broughtup10．_____howtogetalongwithothersisveryimportantinsuccess.A．KnowB．KnownC．HavingknownD．Knowing11．Quantitiesofsoil________inthearea,resultingintheincreasingnumberofnaturaldisasters.A．iswashedawayB．havewashedawayC．havewashedawayD．havebeenwashedaway12．—MayIuseyournewdictionary?—It'soverthere．____． A．Feelfree B．Nevermind C．Mypleasure D．It'sOK13．merchantA．machineB．achieveC．stomachD．technology14．Mr.Greenwasveryfamouswhenhelivedthere.Thereis______tobesomeoneinthisdistrictwhoremembershim.A．content B．opposedC．bound D．restricted15．Thepoliceareinvestigatingthecompany,threeof________managershavealreadybeenarrested.A．whose B．thatC．which D．where16．---Canthose___________atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?---Noproblem.A．seat B．sitC．seated D．sat17．Patrickwaited________alltheluggagewascleared,buthisneverappeared.A．until B．beforeC．when D．while18．Sitdown,Emma.Youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired,onyoufeet.A．tokeep B．keeping C．havingkept D．tohavekept19．—Wouldyoumindgivingyouradviceonhowtoimproveourbusinessmanagement?—Ifyoumake________mostoftheequipment,therewillbe________riseinproduction.A．the;a B．/;/ C．/;a D．the;/20．_____areceptiontocelebratethe68thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina，vicepremierLiuattachedimportancetomutuallybeneficialcooperationbetweenUSAandChina．A．Addressing B．AddressedC．Beingaddressed D．Toaddress第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）Fromthemomentyouopenyoureyesinthemorning,youcanfeelsweatrunningdownyourbody,evenifyou'rebarelymovingatall.That'swhatmostpeopleinChinafeltlikethissummer.Infact,theentirenorthernhemisphere(半球)sawhightemperaturesinJuly.TheArcticCirclewasnoexception(例外).TemperaturesinthecityofNorilsk,whichisintheArcticCircle,reachedarecordhighof32℃,TheAtlanticreported.Temperaturesthereareusuallyjust10℃atthistimeoftheyear.TheheatwaveintheArcticismainlyalong-termresultofglobalwarming,accordingtotheChineseAcademyofMeteorologicalSciences.Infact,whilethewholeworldisgettingwarmer,theArcticiswarmingtwiceasfastastherestoftheplanet.Thisiscalledthepolaramplificationeffect（极地放大效应）.ThemostdirectimpactofArcticwarmingisthemeltingofArcticice.AccordingtoNASA,Arcticseaiceisnowdisappearingatarateof13.2percentevery10years.NASAsaidthatifthiscontinues,theArcticwillhavenoicebytheyear2040.ThishasputsomeArcticanimals,likepolarbears,indanger.Theicethatthebearsliveonhasshrunk(缩小),theTorontoStarreported.Meltingicecanalsocausesealevelstoriseinthelongterm.Since1993,sealevelshaverisenatarateof3.2cmevery10years,theGuardianreported.Somecountries,suchasTuvalu（图瓦鲁）intheSouthPacificOceanandMaldives（马尔代夫）intheIndianOcean,areatriskofdisappearingintothesea1、Whichofthefollowingistrue?A．Somecountriesintheoceanwilldisappearin10yearsB．ChinaisthehottestinthenorthernhemispherethissummerC．ThetemperaturesinNorilskusedtobelowerthanthissummer.D．TheworldgetswarmerbecauseoftheheatwaveintheArctic2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"inthethirdparagraphreferto?A．TheheatwaveintheArcticB．TheresultofglobalwarmingC．GettingwarmerintheworldD．TheArcticgettingwarmfaster3、WhatmaybetheresultofthemeltingofArcticice?A．ThepolarwillbecomedangerousB．SealevelsriseinthelongtermC．TherewillbeanendofwatershortageD．Therewillbenoiceintheworldby20404、Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．HeathitsArcticB．Arcticanimalsareindanger.C．TheworldbecamehotterthanbeforeD．Somecountriesmaydisappearintothesea22．（8分）ScientiststhinktheyhavetheanswertoapuzzlethatconfusedevenCharlesDarwin:HowflowersevolvedandspreadtobecomethemostimportantplantsonEarth.Floweringplants,orangiosperms,makeupabout90%ofalllivingplantspecies.Inthedistantpast,theyoutpaced(超过)plantssuchasconifersandfems(针叶植物和蕨类植物)，buthowtheydidthishasbeenamystery.Newresearchsuggestsitisduetogenome(基因组)size.Hundredsofmillionsofyearsago,theEarthwasdominated(支配)byfernsandconifers.Then,about150millionyearsago,thefirstfloweringplantsappearedonthescene.Theyquicklyspreadtoallpartsoftheworld,changingthelandscapefrommutedgreentoavarietyofcolours.WhyangiospermsweresuccessfulanddiverseonEarthhasbeendebatedforcenturies.CharlesDarwinhimselfcalledita“mystery”,fearingthisapparentsuddenleapmightchallengehistheoryofevolution.KevinSimoninfromSanFranciscoStateUniversityinCalifornia,USandotherresearcherswonderedifthesizeoftheplant’sgeneticmaterial—orgenome—mightbeimportant.TheyanalyseddataheldbytheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,onthegenomesizeofhundredsofplants,includingfloweringplants,gymnosperms(agroupofplantsincludingconifers)andfems.Theythencomparedgenomesizewithanatomical(结构上的)features.Thisprovides“strongevidence”,thatthesuccessandrapidspreadoffloweringplantsaroundheworldisdueto“genomedownsizing.”Byshrinkingthesizeofthegenome,whichiscontainedwithinthenucleusofthecell,plantscanbuildsmallercells.Intum,thisallowsgreatercarbondioxideuptake(摄入)andcarbongainfromphotosynthesis,theprocessbywhichplantsuselightenergytoturncarbondioxideandwaterintosugarandoxygen.Theresearcherssaygenome—downsizinghappenedonlyintheangiosperms,andhiswas“anecessaryconditionforrapidgrowthratesamonglandplants”.1、Whatdoyouknowaboutangiosperms?A．TheyaredominantplantsonEarth.B．TheyarerareplantsinSouthAfrica.C．TheyaretopicalplantsinSouthAsia.D．Theyareextinctplantsintheworld.2、Itcanbeinferredthat.A．CharlesDarwinwasconfidentofhistheoryofevolutionB．KevinSimoninisprobablyanAmericanbiologistC．KevinSimoninworksintheRoyalBotanicGardens,KewD．CharlesDarwinsucceededinfiguringouttheflowerevolution3、Whichofthefollowingcontributedtothesuccessanddiversityofangiosperms?A．Theweakerconifer.B．Thelargernucleus.C．Thesmallergenome.D．Thestrongercell.4、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?A．HowAngiospermsConqueredtheWorld?B．WhatPuzzleConfusedEvenCharlesDarwin?C．WhyGymnospermsWereSuccessfulonEarth?D．WhenAngiospermsOutpacedConifersandFems?23．（8分）Encouragingchildrentousegesturesastheythinkcanhelpthemcomeupwithmorecreativeideas,accordingtonewresearch.“Ourfindingsshowthatchildrennaturallygesturewhentheythinkofunusualwaystouseeverydayitems,”sayspsychologicalscientistElizabethKirk.“Whenwethenaskedchildrentomovetheirhands,theywereabletocomeupwithevenmorecreativeideas.”“Gesturingmayallowustoexploretheproperties（特性）oftheitems—forexample,howtheitemcouldbeheld,itssize,itsshape,etc.—anddoingsocanhelpuscomeupwithideasforcreativeuses,”Kirkexplains.Intheirfirststudy，theresearcherscomparedthecreativityofchildrenwhospontaneously(自发地）gesturedwiththosewhoeitherdidnotorcouldnotgesture.Atotalof78children,aged9-11,sawaseriesofimagesofordinaryitems,suchasanewspaper,atincan,andakettle.Theresearchersaskedthechildrentolookateachimageandlistasmanyusesastheycouldthinkof.Agroupofparticipantscompletedthetasktwice—ononeversionofthetask,theyworemittens（连指手套）thatlimitedtheirabilitytogesture.Restrictingchildren’sabilitytogesturedidnotaffecttheirabilitytocomeupwithcreativeusesfortheobjects;Childrenwhowerefreetogestureproducedaboutthesamenumberofideasasthosewhoworethemittensandcouldnotgesture.Inasecondexperiment,54childrencompletedthesamealternative-usestask.Insomecases,childrengesturednormally;inothercases,theresearchersencouragedthechildrento“useyourhandstoshowmehowyoucouldusetheobjectindifferentways”.Theencouragementworked:Childrenwhowerespecificallyencouragedtogestureproducedagreaternumberofcreativeusesfortheobjectsthandidthechildrenwhowerenotgivenanyspecialinstruction.“Ourfindingsaddtothegrowingbodyofevidenceshowingthesignificantroleofgestureinthinkingandhaveapplicationstotheclassroom,”Kirkconcludedintheirpaper.1、Whatdidtheresearchersintendtofindoutinthefirstexperiment?A．Thenumberofcreativeideasthechildrencouldthinkof.B．Howthechildrenwouldexplorethepropertiesoftheitems.C．Whetherencouraginggesturewouldhelptoproducemorenewideas.D．Thedifferencebetweenthinkingwithgesturesandwithoutgestures.2、Whyweremittensusedintheexperiment?A．Torestrictgestures.B．Tolimitcreativethinking.C．Totesttheabilitytogesture,D．Toincreasecreativeideas.3、Whendidthechildrenthinkofthemostnewideas?A．Whenwearingmittens.B．Whenencouragedtogesture.C．Whennaturallygesturing.D．Whennotusingtheirhands.4、Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．CommunicatewithGesturesB．ThinkwithYourHandsC．UseEverydayItemsCreativelyD．MakeGestureswhenNecessary24．（8分）Your2018ReadingList,ProvidedbyBillGatesMostofuscan’tlivelikebillionaireMicrosoftco-founderBillGates,butwecanreadlikehim.Gatesrecommendedfourbooksin2018—thoughsomewerepublishedearlier.LeonardodaVinci,byWalterIsaacson(2017)ThebestsellingbiographerofSteveJobsandAlbertEinsteinresearcheddeeplyintodaVinci’scontributionsbeyondart,highlightingthebreadthofhisscientific,technological,andcreativeoutput.“Leonardonearlyunderstoodalmostallofwhatwasknownontheplanetatthetime.That’smostlybecauseofhiscuriosityabouteveryareaofnaturalscienceandthehumanexperience,”saidGates.TheBestWeCouldDo:AnIllustratedMemoir,byThiBui(2017)Gatescallsthisgraphicnovel“reallyimpressive”.BuiisthedaughterofVietnameserefugeeswhocametoAmericaafterthefallofSaigon,andbecomingaparentinspiredhertolookintoherownparents’miserablehistory.“IwasstruckbyhowtheexperiencesBuiillustratesmanagetobebothuniversalandspecifictotheircircumstances,”saidGates.LincolnintheBardo,byGeorgeSaunders(2018)Saunders,along-timeshortstorywriter,wonhighpraiseforthisnovel.Thebookimaginestheghoststhathaunt(萦绕)thebasementofWillieLincoln,AbrahamLincoln’sson,whodiedat11inreallife.“Willie’sdeathaftertheCivilWarmadethepresidenthaveanewunderstandingofthegriefhe’screatinginotherfamiliesbysendingtheirsonsofftodieinbattle,”saidGates.OriginStory:ABigHistoryofEverything,byDavidChristian(2018)ThisnewbookisbythecreatorofBigHistory,afree,onlinesocialstudiescourse.Ittraceshistoryinwide,sweepingmovements,startingwiththeBigBang,anditprovides,ineffect,ashortcourseinmodernscience.Thisisabriefhistoryoftheuniverse.“DavidgetsalittlestuckonthecurrenteconomicandpoliticalproblemsintheWest,andIwishhetalkedmoreabouttheroleinnovationwillplayinpreventingtheworsteffectsofclimatechange,”saidGates.1、Whichbooksrefertothefieldofscience?A．OriginStoryandLeonardodaVinci.B．LincolnintheBardoandOriginStory.C．LeonardodaVinciandTheBestWeCouldDo.D．TheBestWeCouldDoandLincolnintheBardo.2、Ifyouareinterestedinthrillers,whosebookwillyoumostprobablychoose?A．WalterIsaacson. B．ThiBui.C．GeorgeSaunders. D．DavidChristian.3、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．TheBestWeCouldDoisanautobiography.B．LincolnintheBardohasbeenwarmlyreceived.C．DavidChristiantalksmuchaboutthepartthatinnovationwillplay.D．ReaderscanonlyreadaboutLeonardodaVinci’scontributionstowardsart.25．（10分）Astreesacrossthenorthernareasturngoldanddeepred,youcanfindautumncolorsinparksandwoodlands,inthecities,countryside,andmountains.Peoplearewonderingwhatthesecolorsarefor.Foryears,scientistshaveworkedtounderstandthechangesthathappentotreesintheautumn.Uptonowtherehavebeendifferentexplanationsforwhynaturalselectionmakesautumncolorssowidespread.Dr.HamiltonfromOxfordUniversityproposedthatbrightautumnleavescontainedamessage:theywarninsectstoleavethemalone.Inautumn,insectschoosetreeswheretheywilllayeggs.Whenthelarvae（幼虫）comeoutthenextspring,theyfeedonthetrees,oftenwitharesultofdestructionofthetrees.Dr.Hamiltonsuggestedthattreescouldwardofftheseinsectswithpoisons.Theycouldhavestrongdefensesbylettingegg-layinginsectsknowwhatwasinstorefortheireggs.Dr.Hamiltonandstudentsturnedthetheoryintoamathematicalmodel,whichshowedthatwarningsignalscouldindeeddrivetheevolution（进化）ofbrightleaves.Itwasafirstattempttoseewhatwasoutthere.AresearchteamfromtheUniversityofWisconsingaveaquitedifferentexplanation.“IfyouareuphereinWisconsin,bythetimeleaveschange,alltheinsectsthatfeedonleavesaregone.”Dr.Hochsaid.Hebelievedthatautumncolorsservedmainlyasprotection.AccordingtoDr.Hochandhisteam,autumncolorsmightbeabletoprotecttheleavesfromsundamageorfrost（冰冻）injury—inotherwords,theyactuallyactasasunscreentoavoidthedestructiontotheleaves.Besides,autumncolorsmightprotecttheleavesfromwaterloss.Ifthecellsintheleavesbecomedry,theconnectionsbetweenthecellswillbeweakenedandleaveswillbreakoff.Althoughtherearedifferentexplanationsaboutautumncolors,ithasreallygiventhemadeeperconcernforthistimeofyear.“Peoplesometimessaythatsciencemakestheworldlessinterestingbyjustexplainingthingsaway,”onefamousbiologistsaid.“Butwithautumnleaves,themoreyouknowaboutthem,themoreamazedyouare.”1、AccordingtoDr.Hamilton,thereisaconnectionbetween________.A．thesizeofleavesandthesurvivalofinsectsB．thesizeofleavesandthebehaviorofinsectsC．thesizeofleavesandthequalityofinsectsD．thesizeofleavesandthenumberofinsects2、Dr.Hochandhisteamgivetheexplanationthat_________.A．ClimatehasaninfluenceonthecoloroftheleavesB．SundamageandfrostinjurydrivetheinsectsawayC．thecolorofautumnleaveshasaprotectivefunctionD．Autumncolorsbringgreatdestructiontotheleaves3、Theunderlinedphrase“wardoff”inParagraph2probablymeans_______.A．catchB．attractC．ignoreD．prevent4、Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheevolutionofcolorfulleavesB．Thesecrettoautumnleaves’changesC．ThecharmautumncolorsD．Theroleofleaves’beingprotection第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）WhileIwaswaitingtoenteruniversity,Isawinanewspaperateachingjob1ataschoolabouttenmilesfromwhereIlived.Beingveryshortof2andwantingtodosomething3Iapplied(申请),4asIdidso,thatwithoutadegreeandwithno5ofteachingmychancesofgettingthejobwere6.However,threedayslater,aletterarrived,callingmetoCroydonforameetingwiththeheadmaster.Itprovedtobea7journey:atraintoCroydonstation,aten-minutebusrideandthenawalkofat8aquarterofamile.AsaresultIarrivedthere,feelingtoohottobenervous.Itwasclearlythe9himselfthat10thedoor.Hewasshortandround."Theschool,"hesaid,"ismadeupofone11oftwenty-fourboysbetweensevenandthirteen."Ishouldhavetoteachallthesubjectsexceptart,12hetaughthimself.Ishouldhavetodividetheclassinto13groupsandteachtheminturnatthreedifferent14,andIwas15atthethoughtofteachingmaths—asubjectatwhichIwasn’tvery16atschool.Worseperhapswastheideaof17toteachthemonSaturdayafternoonbecausemostofmyfriendswouldbe18themselvesatthattime.BeforeIhadtimetoaskaboutmysalary,hegotuptohis19."Now"hesaid,you’dbettermeetmywife.Sheistheonewhoreally20thisschool.1、A．kept B．lost C．wanted D．found2、A．money B．time C．students D．clothes3、A．harmful B．useful C．funny D．secret4、A．expecting B．whispering C．fearing D．considering5、A．material B．experience C．means D．books6、A．nice B．great C．slight D．helpful7、A．difficult B．pleasant C．comfortable D．short8、A．most B．least C．last D．first9、A．teacher B．door-keeper C．student D．headmaster10、A．shut B．opened C．repaired D．kicked11、A．group B．class C．dozen D．score12、A．which B．that C．what D．this13、A．one B．two C．three D．four14、A．classes B．subjects C．levels D．places15、A．excited B．angry C．glad D．disappointed16、A．poor B．interested C．weak D．good17、A．forcing B．having C．forgetting D．managing18、A．watching B．studying C．enjoying D．helping19、A．letter B．feet C．hands D．wife20、A．runs B．starts C．observes D．likes第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）ThebestfriendshiptobedescribedinChineseliteratureis1．(probable)theonebetweenYuBoyaandZhongZiqi.Yuwasafamousmaster(大师)ofmusic2．playedtheqinwell.Once,hetookaboattriptothestateofChu.Inspiredbythebeautifulviewalongtheway,Yutookouthisqinand3．(begin)toplay.Afterawhile,henoticedawoodsman(樵夫)4．(enjoy)hismusicquietly.ThemanwasZhongZiqi.WhenYuplayedmusicthatdescribedhighmountains,Zhongsaid:“Howwonderfulitis!IseemtoseeTaishanMountain.”Andwhenheplayedmusicthatdescribedflowingwater,Zhongsaid:“Howwonderfulitis!Iseemtoseetherushingriver.”Yuwassurprisedbythewoodsman’s5．(word)becausethemancouldreallyunderstand6．（he）music.WhenZhongdiedthefollowingyear,Yuwas7．upsetthathetookouthisqintoplaythemusicofthe“highmountainsandflowingwater”onelasttimeforZhong.Whenhewasdone,hebrokehisqin8．purposesohecouldneverplayitagain.Now,9．phrase“highmountainsandflowingwater”10．(use)tostandforthetruefriendship.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在下面加上该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。TodaymyfamilywentonanoutingtoTaiPo、Irodebikewithmysister、Wefeltexcitedly、MumandDadhadapicnic、Mummakessomesandwiches、Theyweredelicious!Weatealotandwerefull、Sincethatweflewakite、Mysisterranandfelldo