考研英语素材

考研英语备考干货分享

PartOne攻克阅读理解第一大题型

考研英语阅读之细节题

一、样题展示

样题1：

Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedby

MerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn't

affecther.Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistantssweater

descendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentstoresandtothebargain

bininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher.

[A]insensitivitytofashion

[B]obsessionwithhighfashion

[C]poorbargainingskill

[D]lackofimagination

样题2：

Advertisersarehorrified.Humannaturebeingwhatitis,mostpeoplestickwith

defaultsettings.FewswitchDNTonnow,butiftrackingisoffitwillstayoff.Bob

Liodice,thechiefexecutiveoftheAssociationofNationalAdvertisers,saysconsumers

willbeworseoffiftheindustrycannotcollectinformationabouttheirpreferences.

Peoplewillnotgetfewerads,hesays."They'llgetlessmeaningful,lesstargetedads.”

28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault.

[A]maycutthenumberofjunkads

[B]failstoaffecttheadindustry

[C]willnotbenefitconsumers

[D]goesagainsthumannature

二、定位词的识别

1.定位词的含义

考研英语阅读的阅读量和题量相对较大，考试时间非常紧迫，因此，能够在阅

读中快速准确的定位阅读题目在原文中的位置就显得尤为重要；此外，相对其它

主要英语考试，考研英语阅读的文章和题目具有顺序性和结构性两大特点，这就

让考研英语阅读中的定位有着尤为重要的地位。

2.定位词的特点

定位词的特点

特点1被划出的定位词数量越少，越有助于快速定位：

特点2定位词的出现频率一般较低；

定位词一般为该题目（题干）中最特殊或最有指向性的

特点3

词0

3.定位词的分类

定位词的分类例题

Theword"about-face"(Line1,Para.3)mostprobably

1.直接定位

means_____.

2.核心名词Theauthorsuggeststhatthe"two-step-flowtheory11_____.

3.核心动词AlbertSzent-Gyorgyiwouldmostlikelyagreethat_____.

4.定位词的应用：快速定位每道题目在文章中的位置

应用一：

此篇文章共5段，你能大概猜出每个题目在文中的大概位置吗？

36.JenniferSeniorsuggestsinherarticlethatraisingachildcanbring.

37.WelearnfromParagraph2that.

38.ItissuggestedinParagraph3thatchildlessfolks.

39.AccordingtoParagraph4,themessageconveyedbycelebritymagazinesis.

40.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

题号题干定位词段落

JenniferSeniorsuggestsinherarticlethatraisinga

361

childcanbring_____.

37WelearnfromParagraph2that_____.2

38ItissuggestedinParagraph3thatchildlessfolks_____.3

AccordingtoParagraph4,themessageconveyedby

394

celebritymagazinesis_____.

Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelast

405

paragraph?

应用二：

此篇文章共7段，请划出定位词，并猜测每道题在文中的大概位置

36.ThreeprovisionsofArizona'splanwereoverturnedbecausethey___.

37.OnwhichofthefollowingdidtheJusticesagree,accordingtoParagraph4?

38.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thattheAlienandSeditionActs___.

39.TheWhiteHouseclaimsthatitspowerofenforcement___.

40.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?

题号题干定位词段落

ThreeprovisionsofArizona'splanwereoverturned

361-3

becausethey_____.

OnwhichofthefollowingdidtheJusticesagree,

374

accordingtoParagraph4?

ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thattheAlienand

385

SeditionActs_____.

TheWhiteHouseclaimsthatitspowerofenforcement

396

40Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?7

三、细节题的解题策略

1.细节题解题Step1：定位

22.Thephrase,“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2]mostprobablymeans.

23.Whatpromptedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?

24.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeel.

2.细节题解题Step2：替换

题目原文

23.WhatpromptedtheWhatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,

chancellortodevelophiswashiszealfor“fundamentalfairness”一

scheme?protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingand

ensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimants

[D]Apassiontoensurereceivedtheirbenefits.

fairnessfortaxpayers.

3.细节题常见替换类型

常见类型出现频率举例

相同词性替换约40%promote-recommend;scold-criticize;

不同词性替换约55%prob-exploration;inorderto-intendedto.

4.细节题解题策略小结

细节题解题策略小结

1.结合前后题干进行全篇大致定位；

Step1定位

2.结合题干定位词进行具体定位。

Step2替换看选项并识别同义替换。

PartTwo考研写作书信类精选必备模板

考研英语写作之常用书信模版

1）投诉信

Dear

Iam_______.（自我介绍）IfeelbadtotroubleyoubutIamafraidthatIhaveto

makeacomplaintabout_______.

Thereasonformydissatisfactionis_______________（总体介绍）,Inthefirst

place,__________________________（抱怨的第一个方面）.Inaddition,

______________________（抱怨的第二个方面）.Underthesecircumstances,Ifindit_

（感觉）to_____________________________（抱怨的方面给你带来的后果）.

Iappreciateitverymuchifyoucould________________________（提出建议和请求工

preferably___________（进一步的要求工andIwouldliketohavethismattersettledby

____（设定解决事情最后期限）.

ThankyouforyourconsiderationandIwillbelookingforwardtoyourreply.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

2）询问信

Dear______,

Iam__________________________（自我介绍）.Iamwritingtoseeifitispossiblefor

youtoprovidemewithinformationregarding_______.（要询问的内容）

Firstofall,whatare___________________________________?（第一个问题）Secondly,when

will__________________________________?（第二个问题）Thirdly,is__________________?（第三个问

题）

Iwouldalsoliketoinquire___________________________________（将最重要的问题单独

成段］,Couldyoubesokindastosendmesomerelevantbookletsontheabove-

mentionedaspects?

Thankyouforyourkindness,andyourpromptattentiontothisletterwillbe

highlyappreciated.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

3）请求信

Dear___________r

Iamwritingtoformallyrequestto___________（请求的内容）

Thereasonfor_______________isthat________________________________（给出原因）.

I________,soI_____________________________________（给出细节）

Iwouldalsoliketorequest_________________________（提出进一步的要求）・Iam

sorryforanyinconvenienceIhavecaused.

Thankyouforyourattentiontotheserequests.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,do

nothesitatetocontactmeat____________（电话号码）.Ilookforwardtoafavorable

reply.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

4）道歉信

Dear___________r

Iamtrulysorrythat__________________________（道歉的原因）

Thereasonisthat________________________________________（介绍原因）Onceagain,I

amsorryforanyinconveniencecaused.Hopeyoucanacceptmyapologiesand

understandmysituation.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

5）建议信

Dear,

Youhaveaskedmeformyadvicewithregardto,andIwilltrytomake

someconductivesuggestionshere.

Inmyhumbleopinion,youwouldbewisetotakethefollowingactions:

_____________（建议的内容）

Ihopeyouwillfindtheseproposalsuseful,andIwouldbereadytodiscussthis

matterwithyoutofurtherdetails.

GoodLuckwithyour（祝愿）

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

6）求职信

DearSirorMadam,

Iwritethislettertoapplyforthepositionthatyouhaveadvertisedin

（报纸名称）of（广告发布时间工

NotonlydoIhavethequalificationsforthisjob,butIalsohavetheright

personalityfora（工作名称）.Intheonehand,

（第一个原因）.Ontheotherhand,（另一个原因）.

Shouldyougrantmeapersonalinterview,Iwouldbemostgrateful.Ifyouneed

toknowmoreaboutme,pleasefeelfreetocontactmeatanytimeat

（电话号码）

Thankyouforconsideringmyapplication,andIamlookingforwardtomeeting

you.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

7）邀请信

Dear________r

Therewilla_________________（内容）at/in__________________（地点）on____________（时

间）.Wewouldbehonoredtohaveyoutherewithus.

Theoccasionwillstartat____________（具体时间）.Thiswillbefollowedbya

_____（进一步的安排）.Ataround_______（时间），______________________（另一个安

排）

Ireallyhopeyoucanmakeit.Pleasereplybefore_____________（通知你的最后期

限）

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

PartThree考研英语阅读真题练习

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,

B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Firsttwohours,nowthreehours-thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesare

recommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.

airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.

Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityproceduresinreturn

forincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhave

downedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.But

demandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturn

underminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:Wastedtimeisadragon

Americans1economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.

Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecret

checkthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeand

real—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecurity

measuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimproving

economyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchas

Chicago'sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairline

securityhasbecome-butthelinesareobvious.

Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreasein

airlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partofthe

issueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactor

maybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoid

checked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.

ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairports

orrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckis

supposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassa

backgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSA

tofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.The

TSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.

Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock.：

Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Since

thebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmight

bringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingso

directly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.

TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklanes

whilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimeto

maketheprogramwork.

21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto.

[A]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide

[B]explainAmericans'toleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks

[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.Sairports

[D]emphasistheimportanceofprivacyprotection

22.Whichofthefollowingcontributionstolongwaitsatmajorairports?

[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.

[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.

[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.

[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.

23.Theword“expedited”(Line4,Para.5]isclosestinmeaningto.

[A]quieter

[B]faster

[C]wider

[D]cheaper

24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis.

[A]Adramaticreductionofitsscale

[B]Itswrongly-directedimplementation

[C]Thegovernmentsreluctancetobackit

[D]Anunreasonablepriceforenrollment

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]GettingStuckinSecurityLines

[B]PreCheck-aBelatedSolution

[C]LessScreeningforMoreSafety

[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes

Text2

“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,“wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii's

lastreigningmonarch,in1897.Starwatcherswereamongthemostesteemed

membersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.

ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),a

giantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.

AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcano

worshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstothe

heavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld'smostpowerful

telescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethebulkofour

planetsdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesof

unsurpassedclarity.

OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.Asmallbutvocalgroup

ofHawaiiansandenvironmentshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectfor

sacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereign

nation.

Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheir

eagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayof

understandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMauna

Kea'sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheisland/sinhabitants.Hawaiianculture

isnotarelicofthepast;itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.

Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnof

civilization.Thesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirst

broughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexplore

theheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuture

developmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiiancultureboth

seektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewe

aregoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimal

callingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.

TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMauna

Kea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope'svisibilityaroundthe

islandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.Tolimitthenumberof

telescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesand

theirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.Thereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbe

welcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.

26.QueenLiliuokalani,sremarkinParagraph1indicates.

[A]itsconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy

[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety

[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes

[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers'featsinhertime

27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto.

[A]itsgeographicalfeature

[B]itsprotectivesurroundings

[C]itsreligiousimplications

[D]itsexistinginfrastructure

28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause.

[A]itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife

[B]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory

[C]theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.

[D]theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea

29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday'sastronomy.

[A]isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians

[B]helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld

[C]mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture

[D]willeventuallysoftenHawaiians1hostility

30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof

[A]severecriticism

[B]passiveacceptance

[C]slighthesitancy

[D]fullapproval

Text3

RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures"everythingexcept

thatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile//WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,

andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassess

whathewasreferringto.

ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfa

century.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonot

matterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK'sGDPhasbeen

theenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowth

figures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevotefor

Brexitdespitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry'seconomic

prospects?

Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell­

beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUK

isoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedinto

meaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40

differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhave

beenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.

Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberof

consistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008

globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,major

economieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn'tthecasewithallcountries.Some

relativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasures

includingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandenvironment.

Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedas

thesolemeasureofacountry'ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.

So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemost

commonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itis

nolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmental

qualityoreducationoutcomes-allthingsthatcontributetoaperson'ssenseof

well-being.

ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadto

adeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.

Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimply

worryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevensee

progress.

31.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe.

[A]praisedtheUKforitsGDP

[B]identifiedGDPwithhappiness

[C]misinterpretedtheroleofGDP

[D]hadalowopinionofGDP

32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that.

[A]theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern

[B]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK

[C]theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy

[D]policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP

33.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?

[A]Itissponsoredby163countries.

[B]ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.

[C]Itscriteriaarequestionable.

[D]Itsresultsareenlightening.

34.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat.

[A]theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom

[B]highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline

[C]itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP

[D]itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

[A]HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLesson

[B]GDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth

[C]RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP

[D]Brexit,theUK'sGatewaytoWell-being

Text4

Inarareunanimousruling,theU.SSupremeCourthasoverturnedthe

corruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidso

whileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggifts

suchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariAutomobilefromacompanyseekingaccessto

goveiriment.

ThehighcourtsdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnell'strialfailedtotella

jurythatitmustlookonlyathis"'officialacts,“ortheformergovernor'sdecisionson

“specific"and"unsettled“issuesrelatedtohisduties.

Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclear

intenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.

Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis

“distasteful"and"nasty."Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeof

concretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarranginga

meeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan"officialact".

Thecourtsrulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnot

criminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucratic

problemswithoutfearof