任务精读：锚杆支护（双语）课件讲解

隧道施工技术锚杆支护TunnelConstructionTechnologyAnchorRodSupport锚杆的支护效应1锚杆的布置2锚杆支护目录课程小结4锚杆的施工2TableofContentsAnchorRodSupportSupportEffectofAnchorRodsArrangementofAnchorRodsConstructionofAnchorRodsSummary锚杆的支护效应01SupportEffectofAnchorRods

锚杆是用金属或其它高抗拉性能的材料制作的一种杆状构件。是隧道施工过程中维护围岩稳定，保证施工安全的重要手段之一。那隧道锚杆是怎样作用于围岩，维护围岩稳定的呢？锚杆支护锚杆的支护效应AnchorRodSupportSupportEffectofAnchorRods

Ananchorrodisarod-shapedmembermadeofmetalorothermaterialswithhightensileproperties.Itisoneoftheimportantmeanstomaintainsurroundingrockstabilityandensureconstructionsafetyduringtunnelconstruction.锚杆的组成Compositionofanchorrod砂浆Mortar杆体Rodbody垫板Baseplate螺母NutHowdoesthetunnelanchorrodactonsurroundingrockstomaintaintheirstability?

锚杆能限制约束围岩变形，并向围岩施加压力，从而使处于二轴应力状态的洞室内表面附近的围岩保持三轴应力状态，制止围岩强度的恶化，起到支承围岩的作用效果。锚杆支护锚杆的支护效应AnchorRodSupportSupportEffectofAnchorRods锚杆的作用效果：Effectofanchorrods支承围岩

Supportingsurroundingrocks内压力P1喷射混凝土轴力NAxialforce(N)ShotcreteInternalpressure(P1)

Theanchorrodcanconstrainthedeformationofthesurroundingrocksandexertpressureonsurroundingrocks,tomaintainsurroundingrocksnearthechambersurface(inbiaxialstressstate)intriaxialstressstate,preventingsurroundingrockstrengthfromdeteriorating,whichsupportssurroundingrocks.锚杆对加固节理发育的岩体和围岩松动区是十分有效的，有助于裂隙岩体和松动区形成整体，成为“加固带”有着加固围岩的作用效果。锚杆支护锚杆的支护效应AnchorRodSupportSupportEffectofAnchorRods锚杆的作用效果：Effectofanchorrods加固围岩Reinforcingsurroundingrocks

Theanchorrodisveryeffectiveforreinforcingtherockmasswithdevelopedjointsandthelooseareasofsurroundingrocks,helpingfracturedrockmassandlooseareastoformawholeandbecominga"reinforcementbelt"thatcanreinforcesurroundingrocks.加固带tlReinforcementbeltPPσσ

对于水平或缓倾斜的层状围岩，用锚杆群能把数层岩层连在一起，增大层间摩阻力，层结构力学观点来看就是形成“组合梁”，能提高层间摩阻力，形成“组合梁”作用效果。锚杆支护锚杆的支护效应AnchorRodSupportSupportEffectofAnchorRods锚杆的作用效果：Effectofanchorrods提高层间摩阻力，形成“组合梁”

Improvetheinterlayerfrictionalresistancetoforma"compositebeam"

Forhorizontalorgentlyinclinedlayeredsurroundingrocks,theanchorrodgroupcanconnectseverallayersofstratatogetherandincreaseinterlayerfrictionalresistance.Fromtheperspectiveofstructuralmechanics,a"compositebeam"isformed.Itcanimprovetheinterlayerfrictionalresistancetoforma"compositebeam"锚杆可以防止个别危岩的掉落或滑落，用锚杆将其稳定围岩联结起来，这种作用主要表现在加固局部失稳的岩体，形成“悬吊”作用效果。锚杆支护锚杆的支护效应AnchorRodSupportSupportEffectofAnchorRods锚杆的作用效果：Effectofanchorrods“悬吊”作用Suspensioneffect

Anchorrodscanpreventindividualunstablerocksfromfallingorslidingandconnectthestablesurroundingrockswithanchorrods.Theeffectmainlyresultsfromthereinforcementoflocallyunstablerockmass.在隧道施工当中，我们又该如何来布置锚杆呢?

Howshouldwearrangetheanchorrodduringtunnelconstruction?Teachingtunnel锚杆的布置02ArrangementofAnchorRods

主要用在裂隙围岩，重点加固不稳定块体，拱顶受拉破坏区为重点加固区域,可以节约材料，达到稳定围岩的目的。锚杆支护锚杆的布置AnchorRodSupportArrangementofAnchorRods局部布置Localarrangement

Theyaremainlyusedinfracturedsurroundingrocks,focusingonunstableblockreinforcement.Thetensilefailureareaofthecrownisthekeyreinforcementarea,whichcansavematerialsandstabilizesurroundingrocks.锚杆支护锚杆的布置AnchorRodSupportArrangementofAnchorRods系统布置Systemarrangement

在破碎的软弱围岩中，需采取系统布置，对围岩起整体的加固作用。

Inthebrokenweaksurroundingrocks,weneedtoarrangeanchorrodssystematicallytoprovideoverallreinforcement.锚杆支护锚杆的布置AnchorRodSupportArrangementofAnchorRods系统布置Systemarrangement

锚杆宜垂直周边轮廓布置，但是对于倾斜成层的岩层，其失稳原因主要是层面滑动，锚杆与层面成斜交布置。

Anchorrodsshouldbearrangedperpendiculartoperipheralcontour.However,forstratawithinclinedlayers,astheinstabilityismainlycausedbytheslidealongthebeddingplane,anchorrodsshouldbeobliquetothebeddingplane.垂直周边轮廓布置Arrangementperpendiculartoperipheralcontour锚杆支护锚杆的布置AnchorRodSupportArrangementofAnchorRods根据我国《铁路隧道喷锚构筑法技术规范》规定：AccordingtotheprovisionsofCodeforShotcrete-boltConstructionMethodofRailwayTunnelinChina:新奥法对锚杆排距的设计：岩质条件好，锚杆长度1~1.2m岩质条件稍差，锚杆长度2~3m岩体破碎，锚杆长度4~6m膨胀性地层，锚杆长度4~6m新奥法对锚杆长度的设计：岩质条件好，锚杆间距1.5m岩质条件稍差，锚杆间距1~1.5m岩体破碎，锚杆间距0.8~1m膨胀性地层，锚杆间距0.8~1mDesignofthelengthofanchorrodsbyNATM:Forgoodrocks,thelengthoftheanchorrodisgenerally1~1.2mForslightlypoorrocks,thelengthoftheanchorrodisgenerally2~3mForbrokenrocks,thelengthoftheanchorrodisgenerally4~6mForexpansivestrata,thelengthoftheanchorrodisgenerally4~6m锚杆的长度与间排距LengthandrowspacingofanchorrodsDesignoftherowspacingofanchorrodsbyNATM:Forgoodrocks,thespacingbetweenanchorrodsisgenerally1.5mForslightlypoorrocks,thespacingbetweenanchorrodsisgenerally1~1.5mForbrokenrocks,thespacingbetweenanchorrodsis0.8~1mForexpansivestrata,thespacingbetweenanchorrodsis0.8~1m锚杆的施工03ConstructionofAnchorRods锚杆支护锚杆的施工AnchorRodSupportConstructionofAnchorRods锚杆杆体宜用HRB335、HRB400级带肋钢筋，杆径直径不宜小于22mm。选用强度等级不低于32.5的普通硅酸盐水泥。宜用中细砂，粒径不应大于2.5mm。速凝剂使用前应作速凝效果试验，一般要求初凝不大于5min。水泥砂浆强度等级不应低于M20。砂子钢筋Reinforcement速凝剂Accelerator砂浆配合比MortarmixratioSand水泥CementTheanchorrodbodyshouldbemadeofHRB335andHRB400ribbedreinforcements,witharoddiameterofnotlessthan22mm.Forcement,ordinaryPortlandcementwithacementstrengthgradeofnotlessthanGrade32.5shallbeadopted.Forsand,medium-finesandwithaparticlesizenotgreaterthan2.5mmshouldbeadopted.Theacceleratorshallbesubjecttorapidhardeningeffecttestbeforeuse.Generally,theinitialsettingdurationshallnotbemorethan5min.ThestrengthgradeofcementmortarshallnotbelowerthanM20.材料及配合比MaterialsandtheMixRatio锚杆支护锚杆的施工AnchorRodSupportConstructionofAnchorRods

按锚杆支护的设计要求来确定钻杆孔位、间距、与岩面交角、孔深及孔径等，用凿岩机进行钻孔。锚杆与岩面、层面或裂隙面的交角，一般以90°为宜。孔径应大于锚杆直径15～20mm，以保证锚杆与孔壁之间充填一定数量的砂浆。注浆时将注浆管插入到距孔底50～100mm，在注浆的同时，将注浆管徐徐向外拔出，待注浆管口距钻孔口20～30cm时，停止注浆，然后将锚杆插入至孔底部将砂浆挤满钻孔。钻孔DrillingTheholeposition,spacing,intersectionanglewithrocksurface,holedepthandholediameterofdrillrodshallbedeterminedaspertheanchorrodsupportdesign.Drillingshallbecarriedoutwithrockdrill.Generallyspeaking,theintersectionanglebetweentheanchorrodandtherocksurface,beddingplaneorfissuresurfaceshouldbe90°.Theholediametershallbe15~20mmgreaterthanthediameteroftheanchorrodtoensurethatacertainquantityofmortarisfilledbetweentheanchorrodandtheholewall.注浆及安装锚杆Groutingandanchorrodinstallation

Beforegrouting,thegroutingpipeshallbeinsertedto50~100mmfromtheholebottom.Duringgrouting,thegroutingpipeshallbeslowlypulledout.Whenthegroutingpipeorificeis20~30cmfromtheholemouth,groutingshallbestopped.Afterthat,theanchorrodshallbeinsertedtotheholebottomtofilltheholewithmortar.锚杆支护锚杆的施工AnchorRodSupportConstructionofAnchorRods安装垫板Installationofbaseplate锚杆必须安装垫板，垫板与混凝土面密贴。垫板一般用6~10mm的钢板制成，规格150mmx150mm或200mmx200mm。

Anchorrodsmustbeinstalledwithabaseplatethatshallbecloselyattachedtotheconcretesurface.Thebaseplateisgenerallymadeof6~10mmsteelplate,withaspecificationof150mmx150mmor200mmx200mm.锚杆的质量检查Qualityinspectiononanchorrod