Unit+4+Space+Exploration+Discovering+Useful+Structures+不定式作定语和状语+高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Unit4SpaceExploration---DiscoveringUsefulStructuresLookingoutintospace,YoumightthinkThatthecosmosisaconstant,unchangingplace.Thatthestarswillalwaysbethere.Butinfact,thestarsareonlyatemporaryfeatureinthesky.遥望天际你可能会觉得宇宙是一成不变的宇宙中的恒星永不消逝但事实上，恒星只是天空中的"昙花一现"Lead-inPart01Lookatthefollowingsentencesandfocusontheitalicisedinfinitives.Inpairs,discusstheirfunctionsandmeanings.1.Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot.2.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace.3.Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.4.Scientistsweredeterminedtorealisethedreamtoexplorespace.5.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.目的状语目的状语结果状语定语定语Part02Presentation动词不定式作定语,须用在被修饰词(一般为名词或代词)之后。不定式和被修饰词存在几种逻辑关系Marywasthefirstgirltoworkouttheproblem.女孩解决问题，因此thefirstgirl和toworkout是_______________Sheisalwaysthefirstpersontocomeandthelasttoleave.她总是第一个来，最后一个走。Tomwastheonlyonetoknowthetruth.汤姆是唯一知道真相的人。主谓关系Johnsaidhehadanimportantmeetingtoattend.参加会议，因此toattend和animportantmeeting_______________Haveyougotanythingtodothisevening?今晚你有事吗?Ihaveane-mailtosend.我得发一封电子邮件。Itisadifficultproblemtosolve.这是一个很难解决的问题。动宾关系在动宾关系中，如果不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词，且不可省略。TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolivein.布朗一家有一所舒服的房子住。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.没什么可担心的。Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.请给我一把刀子切东西。有时候，如果把不定式的主动形式改为被动形式,意思会发生很大变化。Thereisnothingtodo.无事可做。Thereisnothingtobedone.不能做什么了。Thereisnothingtosee.没有值得看的东西。Thereisnothingtobeseen.什么东西也看不见。Iwillfindsomethingtoeat.我要找点儿吃的。Iwillfindsomethingtobeeaten.我要找点儿吃的。(暗示“无聊感”)(暗示“束手无策”)(自己吃)(自己或别人吃)InsertyourbusinessstartupplanHehopestobeofferedajobtodriveforaboss.todriveforaboss和ajob是_______________这种关系中，不定式是用来描述被修饰词语的内容的，可以转换为主语和表语的关系：Todriveforabossisajob.“为老板开车是一项工作”。Hehasgivenuptheplantobuyanewcar.他已放弃了买一辆新车的计划。Hisdreamtogotocollegehascometrueatlast.他上大学的梦想终于实现了。同位关系InsertyourbusinessstartupplanThisisthebestwaytosolvetheproblem.tosolvetheproblem和thebestway是_________________所谓动状关系,意思是不定式动作的实施借助thebestway这个方式。即:solvetheprobleminthisway。常见的可跟动词不定式作定语的这类名词有:time,place,way,reason,decision,chance,opportunity,attempt,effort,right,ability等。DrBethunehadnotimetothinkaboutrest.白求恩医生没时间考虑休息。动状关系当名词被序数词或theonly,thenext,thelast,theright修饰，且该名词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者时，用不定式主动形式作定语。1.Sheisthefirstgraduatetogetanofferinthebigcompany.2.Heistheonlyonetosurvivetheaccident.3.Heistherightpersontodothejob.序数词theonly,thenext,thelast,theright作定语的非谓语动词的执行者时thefirstgraduatetogettheonlyonetosurvivetherightpersontodo有些名词常跟不定式作定语，如:wish,decision,chance,promise,plan,time,attempt,effort,ability,eagerness等。1.Inthepast,womenhadnochancetogotoschool.2.Hemadeanattempttobeadmittedtothebigcompany.3.Agoodteachermusthavetheabilitytomakehimselfunderstood4.Imustkeepthepromisetopayontime.5.Hiseagernesstogetbackhomewasquiteobvious.wish,decision,chance,promise,plan,time,attempt,effort,ability,eagernesschancetogotoschoolattempttobeadmittedtoabilitytomakepromisetopayeagernesstogetback作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。1.Givemeapentowritewith.2.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.3.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.4.Hereisapieceofpaperforyoutowriteon.inwithtowritetoworrytolivetowriteonabout不及物动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词地点、工具不定式后面须有相应的介词动词不定式作状语,表示谓语动词发生的目的、结果原因、条件等,还可以作评论性状语。不定式可以作目的状语。有时为了突出和强调目的性，可以置于句首,或者用inorderto或soasto,但soasto一般不位于句首。OneofmyoldfriendscametoseemefromBeijingyesterday.我的一个老朋友昨天从北京来看我。Inordertoensuresuccess,wemustmakeacompleteandthoroughplan.为了保证成功,我们必须制订一个周密的计划。Thespeakerraisedhervoicesoastomakeherselfheard.为了让别人听见,演讲者提高了嗓门儿。不定式作状语和作宾语的区别在不及物动词之后的不定式作状语，而在及物动词后的不定式作宾语。试比较：Thevillagerscametoseethefootballmatch.Thevillagerswantedtoseethefootballmatch.(作目的状语)(作宾语)动词不定式作状语,表示谓语动词发生的目的、结果原因、条件等,还可以作评论性状语。不定式可以作结果状语。不定式作结果状语,常用于too...to...,enough...to...,so...asto...,such...asto...结构中。如表示出人意料的结果不定式前常加上only。①too...to...太……而不能……I'mtootiredtogoanyfurther.我太累了，走不动了。②enough...to...足够……能够.....Isthatroombigenoughtoseatallofus?那个房间足够大能容得下我们所有的人吗?③so...asto...如此·.....以至于......Wehavegotsomuchfoodastotreatourguests.我们有如此多的食物，足以招待我们的客人。动词不定式作状语,表示谓语动词发生的目的、结果原因、条件等,还可以作评论性状语。不定式可以作结果状语。不定式作结果状语,常用于too...to...,enough...to...,so...asto...,such...asto...结构中。如表示出人意料的结果不定式前常加上only。④such...asto...如此……以至于......Hewassuchabravemanastodowhathedid.他是个如此勇敢的人，以至于做了此事。⑤表示出人意料的结果，不定式前常有onlyShehurriedtothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone.她匆忙赶到车站却被告知火车已经走了。④谓语动词的动作发生后产生的结果Theoldmanlivedtoseehisgreatgrandsongetmarried.这位老人活到看见他的曾孙结婚了。作原因状语不定式作原因状语,往往放在表示情绪变化的形容词或动词后面,作为产生某种情绪的原因。Iamdelightedtoseeyou

again.再次见到你我很高兴。Thechildrenlaughedtohearsuchanamusingstory.孩子们听到这样有趣的故事都笑了。作条件状语不定式有时放在句首用来表示条件，其产生的结果往往带有虚拟或主观推断的性质，因此句中常用should,would,could等情态动词。Tolookathim,youcouldhardlyhelplaughing.假如看他一眼,你就会禁不住大笑起来。作评论性状语有些不定式是用来表明说话者的观点或态度的,作为独立成分修饰整个句子,我们称之为评论性状语。Totellthetruth,Idon'tagreewithyou.说实话,我不同意你的看法。关于不定式用在形容词后的几种情况(1)在“be+adj.todo”结构中不定式在形容词之后作各种状语。(2)在"be+adj.todo"结构中，系表结构和不定式构成“合成谓语”,不要拆分。这类结构具有“情态意义”，“合成谓语”可以表示“能力、义务、意愿、推测、倾向”等。它们在意义上相当于对应的情态动词。Iamdelightedtoreceiveyoure-mail.收到你的电子邮件我很高兴。Heistooexcitedtosayanything.他激动得说不出话来。Becarefultoavoidmakingthesamemistake.小心避免犯同样的错误。Youwillbesorrytodoit.如果那样做，你会后悔的。Youaresupposedtogetagoodmark.(=shouldget)你应该考个好成绩。Sheissuretobeanewcomer.(=mustbe)她肯定是新来的。(目的状语)(原因状语)(结果状语)(条件状语)PART04ExercisesRewritethesentencesusinginfinitivesor"inorderto/soasto+do".Changetheitalicisedpartsaccordingly.1.Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavedreamtthatonedaytheywouldflyintospace.2.Astronauts'bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday,whichwillhelpthemstayhealthy.3.Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffotherwise.4.Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowlysothattheycankeeptheirbodlesundercontrol.Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavethedreamtoflyintospaceoneday.Astronauts'bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeverydayto/inorderto/soastostayhealthy.Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspaceto/inorderto/soastokeepeverythingfromfloatingoff.Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowlyto/inorderto/soastokeeptheirbodiesundercontrol以单词的适当形式填空1.___________(become)anastronaut,youmustgothroughastrictselectionprocedure.2.Thesatellite__________(launch)nextmonthismadeinChina.3.Inclosing,astronautsmusthaveadeterminedwillandastrongdesire__________(explore)theuniverse.4.Themonitorsignaledregularly__________(warn)peopleofanydanger.5.Duetolackofsufficienttraining,hewasforced__________(float)ontheriverinasmallboat.6.Scientistshavefiguredoutways__________(recycle)andreusetheseresources.TobecometolaunchtoexploretowarntofloattorecyclePART03LanguagePoints行业PPT模板http:///hangye/Vocabularyrecyclev.回收利用;再利用recyclingn.回收利用，再利用recyclableadj.可回收利用的;可再循环的recyclethepaper/glass回收纸/玻璃recyclewaste回收利用废弃物arecyclingplan一项回收利用计划arecyclingcentre/plant废品回收中心/加工厂therecyclingofglass玻璃的回收利用练习：Infact,mostthingsmadeofpaper,metal,glassandplasticcan____________(recycle).berecycled行业PPT模板http:///hangye/Vocabularylackn.缺乏;短缺vt.没有;缺乏a/thelackof...缺乏......notlackfor...不缺......Thereisnolackof...不乏......lackconfidence缺乏信心belackinginsth.缺少某物for/becauseof/throughlackof因为缺乏......练习：Theheadmastersaidthat____lackofmoneywasagreatchallenge.a行业PPT模板http:///hangye/Vocabularybeyondperp.在更远处，超出beyondcontrol无法控制beyondthereachof鞭长莫及beyondrepair无法修理beyonddoubt/question无疑地;确实beyondbelief难以置信beyondrecognition难以辨认练习：Yourshoes