Unit+3+The+world+online+Grammar+and+usage+V-ing作定状补 高中英语译林版（2020）必修第三册

B3U3GrammarandusageVerb-ingformsasattributives,adverbialsandobjectcomplementsReadthearticleaboutawebsiteandanswerthefollowingquestions.AExploringtherules1.WhydidFionaLinsetupthewebsiteJustDance?2.WhatisFionaLin’sfutureplan?1.WhydidFionaLinsetupthewebsiteJustDance?2.WhatisFionaLin’sfutureplan?Becauseshewantedtointroducemorepeopletodance.Shehopestoattractmoreusersthroughotherformsofnewmedia,forexample,throughanapp.AExploringtherulesReadthearticleaboutawebsiteagainandfindtheverb-ingformsinthearticleandfillinthetable.Thefirstoneshavebeendoneforyou.JustDanceis

awebsitebelongingtoalldancelovers.FionaLin,theladyrunningthewebsite,hadtheideaaftershe

watchedherdaughterdancing

twoyearsago.Shealways

founddancerelaxingafteralongdayatschool,”shesaid.Takingadvantageofthesite’sgreatstart,Fionadecidedtoaddmorecontent.Thewebsitewelcomes

inspiringstories

fromdanceloversabouthowtheystarteddancingandhowdancehaschangedtheirlives.Havingachievedsuchsuccess,Fionahopestoattractmoreusersthroughotherformsofnewmedia.Verb-ingformsasattributivesawebsitebelongingtoalldanceloversVerb-ingformsasadverbialsTakingadvantageofthesite'sgreatstartVerb-ingformsasobjectcomplementsshewatchedherdaughterdancinginspiringstoriesHavingachievedsuchsuccessfounddancerelaxing

WorkingouttherulesTheverb-ingformcanbeusedlikeanadjectiveoranadverb,indicatinga/an(1)________(active/passive)meaning.Whentheverb-ingformisusedasanattributive,itoftencomes(2)_________(before/after)thenoun,buttheverb-ingphrasesusedasanattributiveisusuallyput(3)________(before/after)thenoun.Whenusedasanadverbial,theverb-ingformcanexpress

time,reason,purpose,resultorcondition.Theverb-ingformcanalsobeusedasanobjectcomplement.activebeforeafterFocuson基本用法

V–ing

formsasattributivesbuildingmaterials=drinkingwater=awalkingstick=areadingroom=awritingdesk=tiringmusic=developing

countries=materialsforbuilding建筑材料

waterfordrinking饮用水astickforwalking手杖aroomforreading阅览室adeskforwriting写字台musicthatistiring烦人的音乐1.单个动词-ing形式作定语，常置于被修饰词之前，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。countriesthatare

developing发展中国家①Theexperimentwasanamazingsuccess.②Itwasanastonishingperformance.那项试验是一个惊人的成功。这是一场令人惊讶的演出。有些动词-ing形式已转化成形容词,表示“令人…的”常用的此类词有：exciting,amazing,astonishing,shocking,puzzling,confusing,disappointing,discouraging,pleasing,striking,boring,tiring,touching,moving,interesting,satisfying,terrifying,frightening等。①Heisreadingsomething

interesting.②Thereisnothing

amazing.他正在读有趣的内容。没什么了不起的。若单个的动词-ing形式修饰的词为those,something,everything,nothing等代词时，则动词-ing形式要放在其后。①Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.②Theman

standingthere

isPeter'sfather.

③Anybodyswimminginthisriverwillbefined.=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.他们住在一间面朝街的房子。=ThemanwhoisstandingthereisPeter'sfather.站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。=Anybodywhoisswimminginthisriverwillbefined.在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。2.(1)动词-ing形式短语作定语，常置于被修饰词

之后，并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。①Hisbrother,workingasateacher,livesinBeijing.②Theappletree,swayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.=Hisbrother,whoisworkingasateacher,livesinBeijing.他的哥哥住在北京，是个教师。=Theappletree,whichwasswayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。2.(2)动词-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。3.动词-ing形式作定语，有被动形式。动词-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系，就用它的被动形式，即beingdone.Beingdone通常表示正在被做，常做后置定语。①Thetallbuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewschool.②Thequestionbeingdiscussedwaspresentedbytheheadmaster.正在被建的高楼是我们的新学校。正在被讨论的问题是被校长提出的。Fillintheblanks.1.Herushedintothe________

(burn)house.2.Thechild_________

(stand)overthereismybrother.3.Theroom_________(face)southisourclassroom.4.Theman,________(talk)totheteacher,isourmonitor'sfather.5.Successmakessensetoyouonlywhenyouchoosesomething___________(challenge).burningchallengingstandingfacingtalkingFocuson基本用法

V–ing

formsasadverbials1.Walkinginthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.4.Usingyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.5.Studyinghard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.6.Heearnsalivingdrivingatruck.7.Hesatinthechairreadinganewspaper.时间原因结果条件让步方式伴随1.WhenIwalkedinthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.2.Becausehewaspoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.3.Hisfatherdiedandleftthefamilyevenworseoff.5.Thoughhestudiedhard,hedidn'tpasstheexam.4.Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindagoodway.7.Hesatinthechairandreadanewspaper.6.Heearnsalivingbydrivingatruck.动词-ing形式可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随状况等，其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。动词-ing形式用作状语时,

可以在前面加连词。

WhilewatchingTV,Grandpafellasleep.

Thoughlivingnearthecinema,Iseldomgothere.动词-ing形式用作状语时,

有完成式和被动式。

Havingworkedforover30years,MrWangretiredlastmonth.

Havingbeenraisedonafarm,Timknowsalotaboutfarmanimals.动词-ing形式用作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致。Checkthesentences.Beingtired,IaskedJohntohavearest.Beingtired,Johnhadarest.1.Supposingitrains,wewillputoffthesportsmeeting.2.

Generallyspeaking,boysaremoreinterestedinsciencethangirls.如果下雨，我们就推迟运动会。一般来说，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣。动词-ing用于某些固定搭配中，表示说话人的态度、观点等，如：generallyspeaking,frankly/honestlyspeaking,judgingby/from,considering/seeing,supposing等等1.____________(notknow)hisaddress,I

couldn'tgotoseehimyesterday.2.Theyarevisitors_______(come)fromseveralcountries.3._____________________(notinvite)totheparty,Marywasgreatlyhurt.4.Hedivedintothewater,_______(leave)onlyhisfaceexposed(暴露).5._______(take)adeepbreath,theydivedintothewater.NotknowingcomingNothavingbeeninvitedFillintheblanks.leavingTakingFocuson基本用法

V–ing

formsasobjectcomplements1.Ifound

abag

lyingontheground.2.Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefound

a

stranger

standingattheentrance.3.Alongtheway,wesaw

manypeople

playing

music,singing,anddancing.4.Sheheard

someone

knockingatthedoor.1.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。1.Theyfoundadogsleepingonthestreet.2.Theyheardhimsinginginnextroom.

3.Wemustn'tkeepthemwaiting.2.当主句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。=Thedogisfound

sleeping

onthestreet.他们发现一只狗在街上睡觉。=Hewasheard

singinginthenextroom.有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。=Theymustn'tbekept

waiting.千万不能让他们等。3.能用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:1.Wesawalightburninginthewindow.2.Ifeltsomebodypatting

meontheshoulder.3.Canyousmellanything

burning?4.Ashespoke,heobservedeverybodylookingathimcuriously.5.Listentothebirdssinging.6.Ididn'tnoticehimwaiting.

①表示感观和心理状态的动词，常见的有

watch,see,hear,feel,find,notice,smell,observe,lookat,listento等。1.Iwon'thaveyoudoingthat.2.Theteacher'swordssetmethinking.3.I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.4.Ican'tgettheclockgoingagain.5.Youwon'tcatchmedoingthatagain.6.Hewalkedoffandleftmesittingtherealone.②表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have,keep,set,get,catch,leave等。4.see,hear,feel,watch等动词之后用动词-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：1.Wepassedbytheclassroomandsawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.2.Wesatanhourandwatchedtheteacher

maketheexperiment.我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验）（一个小时之内一直在看老师做实验）表示动作正在进行表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程1.Isawthem_______(force)thedooropenwithahammer.2.Weheardthem__________(quarrel)aboutmoneyaftertheconcert;theylookedveryangry.3.Iheardhim________(drop)lotsofcoinsintothecollectingtin.4.Thestudentswhoarecaught________(cheat)intheexamwillbepunished.5.Theteacherwentawayangrily,leavingthestudent_________(stand)outside.forcingquarrelingdroppingFillintheblanks.cheatingstandingB1Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingverb-ingformsasattributives,adverbialsorobjectcomplements.1.IsawthatJesswasdoingresearchonlineinthecomputerroom.Isaw______________________inthecomputerroom.2.Anybodywhogoesonlineshouldbecarefulabouttheirpersonalinformation.________________________shouldbecarefulabouttheirpersonalinformation.JessdoingresearchonlineAnybodygoingonlineBApplyingtherules3.Whenheheardthenews,hejumpedforjoy._______________________,hejumpedforjoy.4.AfterIsearchedtheInternetforinformation,Istartedwritingmyarticle._______________________________________,Istartedwritingmyarticle.HearingthenewsHavingsearchedtheInternetforinformationB1Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingverb-ingformsasattributives,adverbialsorobjectcomplements.BApplyingtherulesB2AnnaishavingaconversationwithherfriendJen.Completetheconversationwiththecorrectformsoftheverbsintheboxbelow.amaze

cut have

run

use

thinkAnna:Jen,Iloveyournewhaircut.Itlooksgreat!Jen:Thanks!Ichoseitonline.Iwasalwaysworriedaboutpickingawrongstyle.Thatgotme(1)________—whatifsomeonecouldchooseitforme?Anna:Whatdoyoumean?thinkingamaze

cut have

run

use

thinkJen:Ifoundthis(2)________app.Ifyouuploadaphotoofyourface,it'llrecommendafewhaircutstoyou.Anna:Soundssuper,butwhatifIdon'tliketherecommendedhaircuts?Jen:Inthatcase,youcanchoosedifferentstylesfromhundredsofhairstylesandtrythemout.Youcanalsosharepicturesofyourchosenhaircutsonsocialmediaandletyourfriendschooseoneforyou!amazingAnna:Cool!Whatdidtheperson(3)________yourhairthinkabouttheapp?Jen:Shesaiditwouldmakeherjobeasier.(4)________appslikethis,peoplearemorelikelytofindsatisfactoryhaircuts.Anna:Iagree.(5)___________afewbadhaircutsmyself,I'malwaysalittlenervousabouthavinganewhaircut.I'lldownloaditandgetit(6)________.cuttingUsingHavinghadrunningamaze

cut have

run

use

think1.动词-ing形式作定语：①单个动词-ing形式作定语，常置于被修饰词

_______。②动词-ing形式短语作定语，常置于被修饰词

______，相当于一个_________，也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个________________。③动词-ing形式作定语，有______形式。之前之后定语从句非限制性定语从句被动2.动词-ing形式作状语：动词-ing形式可用作状语，可以表示_____、_____、_____、_____、_____、_____或_________等，其作用相当于状语从句或并列句。时间原因结果条件让步方式伴随状况3.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语：①动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在_____后面。②当主句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语

的动词-ing形式便转换为____________。③能用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词：

表示_____、_________和指使意义的。宾语主语补足语感观心理状态verb-ing

的各种形式非谓语动词

主动式被动式动词-ing形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone将下面每组句子合并成一个含有verb-ing的句子，并使句意保持不变。1.

Weclimbedtothetopofthetower.Wesawfantasticscenery.

2.Larrywentout.Larryshutthedoorbehindhim.

Climbingtothetopofthetower,wesawfantasticscenery.Larrywentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.3.Thevillageismadeupof490families.The490familiesbelongtofivenationalities.4.ManyChinesebrandshavedevelopedtheirreputationsovercenturies.Theyarefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.Havingdevelopedtheirreputationsovercenturies,manyChinesebrandsarefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.Thevillageismadeupof490familiesbelongingtofivenationalities.用所给词的适当形式填空1.Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,________(allow)morepatientstobetreated.2.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,________(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.3.EverytimeGinacatchesheremployees_______(waste)time，sheremindsthemthattimeispriceless.4.I’msorrytohavekeptyou_______(wait)forsolong.5.____________(spend)thepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong,Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.allowingrangingwastingwaitingHavingspent1.Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds_____________(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.(2020全国Ⅲ卷)surrounding考察非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾从江上升起，柔软的云围绕着山顶时，他流下了眼泪。设空处是非谓语动词作宾补，surround与宾语softclouds之间是主动关系，要用v.-ing形式。故填surrounding.Ⅰ.实战高考2.Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,________(say)thatIhadatalentforfootball.(2019全国卷I)3.Nervously______(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispermyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.(2019北京卷)sayingfacing4.Ifyouareateenager_______(live)incertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible(符合条件)forthisprogram,whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.(2019全国卷Ⅰ)5.With________(shine)darkeyes,heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.(2019全国卷Ⅰ)6.“Afterall,everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays,”hesaid.“Somedaysyouneeda_______(help)handandsomedaysyoucanbetheone_______(give)the_______(help)hand.”