2021版高考英语（外研版）一轮复习学案：选修8 Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe

:v*Module5TheConquest

.oftheUniverse

»>课前三言两语

KEQIANSANYANLIANGYU诵读话题经典

三言两语

1.WhenIwasstillalittleboy,I1.毫无疑问，我们以许多不同的方式受

cherishedmanyfancydreams益于科学的进步。

aboutspace.Thereisnodoubtthatwe

2.Infact,solittledoweknowaboutbenefitalotfromthescientificadvan

theuniversethatwearenotevencemnetsinmanydifferentways.

awarehowitcameintobeing.2.我们应该不遗余力地探索宇宙，使

3.Ihavelongbeeninterestedin它更好地为人类服务。

spaceexplorationandIbelievethatWeshouldsparenoefforttoexplore

Icanlearnagreatdealfromhimtheuniverseandmakeit

aboutit.servehumanbeingsbetter.

»>基础知识梳理一_

JICHUZHISHISHULI构建知识体系

［单词拼写应用］

核心单词

1.垃迤世。力历史性的，有重大历史意义的

2.witnessv.目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历

3.burstv.爆炸

4.viewv.看，观察

5.decaden.十年

6.acknowledgev.承认；认为

7.deedn.行为

8.defeatn.&v.失败；击败

9.accusev.指责

10.SOITOWn.悲伤；悲痛

11.tunev.收看(电视)；收听(广播)

12.deliberately〃曲,蓄意地;故意地

［语境运用］用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.(2019•浙江卷)We'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecades(decade)ago

whenparentstendedtobemorestrict.

2.(2018•天津卷)1knewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointmentwe

weredefeated(defeat).

3.(2016•全国卷I)Silencemaybeviewed(view)bysomeculturalgroupsas

extremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(I诃隙)

withconversation.

4.Since1978thecityhaswitn〉ssed(witness)greatchanges.

5.Therearemanygooddeeds(deed)inourclass,indeedinthewholeschool.

拓展单词

1.accustomv.使习惯于-^accustomedadj.习惯的

2.assumev.假定，假设fassumingco山.假定,如果fassumption".假定，假

设

3.patientQ力耐心的〃.病人fpatiencen.耐心fpatientlyado.耐心地

4.advance。.&n.前进；进展fadvanced〃力.高级的,先进的

5.dependv.依靠；取决于fdependent。力.依赖的fdependencen.依赖，依靠

independencen.独立

6.reliefn.安慰；宽慰frelieve安慰；宽慰

7.devotev.致力于fdevoted。力.忠诚的fdevotionn.忠诚

8.observev.观察fobservationn.观察；监视

［语境运用］用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.Althoughthepatientwasoutofpatience,thenursewasstillpatientwithherwork

anddiditpatiently.(patient)

2.Atfirst,AnnetotallydependedonJack,herhusband.Aftermanyyearsofstruggle,

shegainedherindependenceandnowsheisdependeetonherselftoleadanew

life.(depend)

3.Itwasfirstassumedthathewasthemurderer,butlateritturnedouttobeafalse

assumption.（assume）

4.Withthehelpoftheadvancedtechnology,wecancompletethetaskin

advance.（advance）

5.MrBlackismydevotedfriend.Hedevoteshislifetodoingscientificresearch.I

respecthisdevotiontoscience.（devote）

阅读单词

l.leapu.飞跃，跳跃

2.randomadj.任意的；随机的

3.tensionn.紧张关系

4.authorityn.权力；权威

5.swearv.起誓保证

6.graspn.控制

7.gloryn.光荣；荣誉

8.abstractq力.抽象的

9.broada力.丰富的；广泛的

10.sympathyn.同情；同情心

11.commitmentn.忠诚；奉献

12.consistenta力.一致的；吻合的

13.dignityn.尊贵；尊严

14.acuteK力.居）烈的；激烈的

15.stable4力.稳定的；安定的

16.supreme〃力.最高超的；最优的

17.consults.咨询；请教

18.impactn.影响，作用

高考热点，熟词生义你知道下面句子中黑体字的汉语意思吗？

1.（2017•江苏卷）However,oneday,inthemusicclassthatwaspartofhis

school'sstandardcumculum,hewasplayingidly（随意地）onthepianoandfoundit

easytopickouttunes.曲调

2.（2015・湖北卷）Witheveryplantedfood,Loenoted,there'samomentwhenit's

burstingwithitsabsolutepeakflavo匚充满

［短语多维应用］

［语境运用］选用左栏短语的适当形式

填空。

l.besimilarto与...相似的

Tomusedtobeabadboy.He

2.setout开始做；着手进行

①was_accustomnd_todoingsomethings

3.make/haveanimpactOK

thatheshouldn'thavedone.②Inspiteof

频对……有影响

thefactthathewas©accusedoflooking

短4.be_accustomed_to习惯于

downuponthedisabledpersoninpublic,

语5.accusesb.ofdoingsth.指责

heturnedadeaftoit,which©makea

某人某事

bad⑤impactoatheotherstudentsinhis

6.in_spite_of_不管;尽管

class.Afterhisheadteacher^patient

teaching,hebecameagoodboyfinally.

［语境运用］选用左栏短语的适当形式

填空。

7.prayfor祈望；祈求

Tsunamis（海啸）are⑥aseriesofhuge

8.breakout爆发

wavescreatedbyanunderground

9.a_seriesof一系列的；一连

movementsuchasearthquakeora

串的

volcaniceruption.Atsunamicantravel

10.(be)awareof意识到，明hundredsofmilesperhourintheopen

白oceanandhitthelandwithhugewaves.A

11.resultin导致，引起movementoftheoceanfloor,causedby

12.makeit成功，及时到达earthquakes,mostoften©resultsin

13.at_the_very_beginningoftsunamis.Ifatsunamioccursclosetoa

在……一开始的时候coast,thefirstwavecouldreachthe

beachinafewminutes,evenbeforeyou

®are_aware_ofit.

［句式结构仿写］

教材原句背诵句式仿写应用

1.seemtohavedonesth.似乎做了某

事这个名字好耳熟，好像我的老师提到

BythetimetheChallengertookoffin过。

1986,theworldseemedtohavelostThenamesoundssofamiliar.I

itsfearandwonderattheamazingseemtohave_hearditmentionedby

achievementofpeoplegoingupintomyteacher.

space.

2.no+比较级+than...表"和...

两个故事我都不喜欢，因为这个故事

一样不……”

和那个故事一样没趣。

Theworldwasinshock一maybethey

Ilikeneitherofthetwostories,forthis

assumedthisspacewouldbenomore

storyisno_more_intnrosting_thanthat

dangerousthangettingonan

one.

aeroplane.

3.as引导让步状语从句。虽然这部手机很便宜，但因为过时

Incredibleasitmayseem,boththe了，很多人不愿意买它。

observationsofscienceandtheCheapasthismobilephoneis,man

evidenceofoureyesleadtotheypeoplerefusetobuyitbecauseit's

inescapableassumptionthat...outofdate.

>>>重唯考点探究

ZHONGNANKAODIANTANJIU突破思维瓶颈

1.accustomed。切.习惯的；通常的，惯常的

(l)beaccustomedto(doing)sth.习惯于做某事(状态)

get/becomeaccustomedto(doing)sth.习惯于做某事(动作)

(2)accustom使习惯于

accustomoneselfto(doing)sth.使自己习惯于(做)某事

’........词块积累..........................

takehisaccustomedseatbythefire坐在火炉旁他常坐的座位上

apersonaccustomedtohavingeighthourstsleepanight一个习惯每晚睡8小

时的人

accustommyselftoallthenewrulesandregulations使自己适应所有的规章制

度

［基础练习］——单句语法填空

①(2015•浙江卷)However,insteadofdevotingthemselvestotheirwork,they

findthemselvesworkingtosupportthelifestyletowhichtheyhavesoquickly

becomeaccustomed(accustom).

②Havinglotsofinterestingthingstodo,Ifinallygotaccustomedtoenjoying

(enjoy)myschoollife.

［能力提升］——一句多译

我习惯于生活在乡村，总是觉得生活在城市很困难。

①Accustomedtolivinginthecountry,Ialwaysfindithardtoliveinthe

city.(过去分词短语作状语)

②Accustomingmyselftolivinginthecountry,Ialwaysfindithai*dtolive

inthecity.(现在分词短语作状语)

2.assumes假设，假定，认为；承担

(l)assumethat…假定，认为...

assume...tobe…认为...是....；假定....是....

assumetheduty/responsibility承担责任

(2)assumingthat假定...(作状语)

(3)assumptionn,假定，假设

’........词块积累........-f

assumehimtobeinnocentuntilheisprovedguilty

疑罪者从无

assumetheresponsibilityforit为止匕承担责任

assumingthatyouareright假定你是对的

［基础练习］——单句语法填空

①（2018•江苏卷）Trytounderstandwhat'sactuallyhappeninginsteadofacting

ontheassumption（assume）you'vemade.

②Whereunemploymentandcrimearehigh,itcanbeassumed（assume）thatthe

latterisduetotheformer.

（3）Assuming（assume）thatheisn*tthatlucky,whatshallwedotocomforthim?

［能力提升］——词汇升级

（普通表达）Iftherewasn'tthehardworkofthedustmen,whatcanyouimagine

ourenvironmentwouldbe?

（高级表达）Assuming」that）therewasn'tthehardworkofthedustmen,whatcan

youimagineourenvironmentwouldbe?

3.acknowledgev.承认；认为；感谢；告知收到

［一词多义］---写出下列句中acknowledge的含义

①（2019•全国卷H）Heryearsofhardworkhavefinallybeenacknowledged

afteracustomernominated（提名）hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.承认，认

亘

②Imgoingtoinviteyoutodinnerwithmetoacknowledgeyourfavor.感谢

③Thearmysentmeapostcardacknowledgingmyrequest.告知收至U

©Almostallthepeoplepresentacknowledgedthathewasinnocent.认为

acknowledgedoingsth.承认做了某事

acknowledgesb.as.../tobe…认为...是...（常用于被动语态）

Itiswidely/universallyacknowledgedthat・••大家公认...

’.......词块积累........--

refusetoacknowledgebeingdefeated拒绝承认被打败

beacknowledgedtobeamasterofPekingOpera被认为是京剧大师

beacknowledgedasamust-seetouristattractioninChina被认为是中国必看景

点

［基础练习］——单句语法填空

①Withnosolidevidence,herefusedtoacknowledgestealing（steal）thelady's

purse.

②MarkTwainisacknowledgedtobe(be)oneofthebestwritersinAmerica.

［能力提升］——完成句子

大家一致认为除非我们创造一个污染更少的世界，否则我们不可能看到更蓝

的天空。

Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatwecanneverexpectabluerskyunlesswe

createalesspollutedworld.

4.accusesb.ofsth.指责/控告某人....

(l)accusesb.of(doing)sth.=chargesb.with(doing)sth.控告/指责某人做某事

accusesb.forsth.为某事指责某人

(2)theaccused被告

’.....••词块积累.......--

beaccusedofcausingtheaccident被指控造成了这次事故

beaccusedofpurposelymakingtrouble被指责故意找事

getaccusedforalltheseriousconsequences由于严重的后果收到指控

Ij

［基础练习］——单句语法填空

①Theshopassistantwasdismissedasshewasaccusedofcheatingcustomers.

=Theshopassistantwasdismissedasshewaschargedwithcheatingcustomers.

②Manoftenaccusesnatureforhisownmisfortune.

(3)Theaccused(accuse)wasdeclaredtobeinnocentbythecourtforlackof

proof.

［能力提升］——句式升级

普通表达：Thewomanwasaccusedofstealing1.2milliondollarsandshewas

tryingtofindherselfalawyer.

①高级表达：Thewomanaccusedofstealing1.2milliondollarswastryingto

findherselfalawyer.(过去分词短语作定语)

②高级表达：ThewomanwhowasaccusedofLstealing1.2milliondollars

wastryingtofindherselfalawyer.(定语从句)

5.(教材P69)Incredibleasi［jnayseemqboththeobservationsofscience

andtheevidenceofoureyesleadtotheinescapableassumptionthat…尽管看起

来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设

相...

［句型公式］本句为主从复合句，incredibleasitmayseem是由as引导的让

步状语从句，其中Incredibleasitmayseem=Althoughitmayseemincredibleo

as引导让步状语从句时，从句需倒装。其结构为：

(1)单数可数名词(无冠词)/形容词+as/though+主语+be+其他成分

(2)动词原形+as/though+主语+助动词/情态动词+其他成分

(3)副词+as/though+主语+谓语动词+其他成分

［金句推送］(陕西卷)Hotasthenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecausewe

weresotiredafterthelongjourney.

尽管夜晚很炎热，但是我们睡得很深，因为经过一天长途旅行我们都非常疲

惫。

［基础练习］——单句语法填空/单句改错

①Tryas/thoughyoumay,youwon'tbeabletopersuadehim.

②Childasheis,buthelikestobetreatedlikeanadult.去掉but

［能力提升］——句式升级

普通表达：Althoughtheytriedhard,theycouldn'tmakeherchangehermind.

高级表达：Hardas/thoughtheytried,theycouldn'tmakeherchangeher

mind.(倒装句)

A________________核心素养达标

HEXINSUYANGDABIAO强化运用技能

多维训练——夯实基础

维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空

1.Thefilmfestivalisacknowledged(acknowledge)asaneventofinternational

importance.

2.Farmerswillhaveagoodharvest,assuming(assume)thattheweatheris

favorable.

3.Accustomed(accustom)toclimbthesteepmountains,hehadnodifficulty

reachingthetop.

4.Itriedtocomforthimafterhewasdefeated(defeat)byhisopponent.

5.Thenewgovernmentmustsetouttofind(find)solutionstothecountry's

economicproblems.

维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词

1.Theyprobablyfearthattheyarewronglyaccusedofknockingdowntheold

man.

2.Tryas/thoughhemight,hecouldn'tgetthedooropen.

3.Ifyoudon'tknowwhichuniversitytogoto,consulttheteacherforadvice.

4.Tomygreatrelief,grandmother'sillnessprovednottobeasseriousaswehad

feared.

5.Ifyouareinterestedinsomething,devoteyourselftoitandfinallyyouwill

makeit.

维度3——查缺补漏(单句语法填空/单句改错)

1.Witheconomydevelopmentatgreatspeed,ourcityhaswitnessed(witness)

quiteafewchangesinrecentyears.

2.Theteacherwillputforwardavarietyofquestions,depending(depend)on

yourdifferentanswers.

3.Iwanttostart