2021-2022学年高中英语外研版必修一练习：模块素养培优（五）

模块素养培优(五)Module5

i.单句语法填空

1.Thecomputerindustryhasexpanded(expand)greatlyoverthelast

decade.

2.Thisconclusion(conclude)comesfromoneoftwomajorstudiesthat

pointtoaglobalcrashinbirdnumbers.

3.Iwantedtoknowhowthestudentsreactedtomywordsandyour

reaction(react).

4.Boilingwaterisoftenusedtomaketea.Butasachild,youshould

drinkmoreboiledwaterinsteadoftea.(boil)

5.Theywereastonished(astonish)tofindthebuildingstillinitsoriginal

condition.

n.选词填空

keep...down,becomeinterestedin,beproudof,besupposed

to,intheareaof

1.MadameCuriehadagreatcontributionintheareaofphysics.

2.Mybabyissleeping,andIreallywishshecouldkeephervoicedown.

3.Jackwasproudofhishighscoreintheexamination.

4.Whendidyoufirstbecomeinterestedininsects?

5.Atpresentheissupposedtobeintown.

m.完成句子

1.Itisimpossibleforhimtosleeponsuchasmallbed.

他睡在这么小的床上是不可能的。

2.Herecomesthebus.Let/sstandinaline.

公共汽车来了。我们排队吧。

3.Putallthebillsinorderandthenaddupthecosts.

把所有的账单整理好，然后把花费加起来。

4.Onlyone-thirdoftheworkhasbeenfinishedtillnow.

到现在这项工作只完成了三分之一。

5.It'syourturntowashdishestoday;Igetsofedupwithyour

laziness.

今天轮到你洗碗了;我受够了你的懒惰。

IV.阅读理解

（2021・无锡高一检测）

Howdoesanecosystemwork?Whatmakesthepopulationsof

differentspeciesthewaytheyare?Whyaretheresomanyfliesandso

fewwolves?Tofindananswer,scientistshavebuiltmathematical

modelsoffoodwebs,notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachone

eats.

Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciples

operatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs,forinstance,consistof

manyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.WhenapredatoH掠食动

物）alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey（猎物），thetwospecies

arestronglylinked;whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,theyare

weaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinks

becausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifa

predatorcaneatseveralspecies,itcansurvivetheextinction（灭绝）of

oneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatis

easiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare,theswitchallowsthe

originalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfrom

drivingoneanothertoextinction.

Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybe

unstable,wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffects

throughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthat

predatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontrol

overthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies-includingspeciestheydid

notdirectlyattack.

Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-down

controlbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheocean,wefishedfortop

predatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale,whileonland,wekilled

offlargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffected

theecologicalbalance.

Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedon

mathematicalmodels.Ideally,thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapt

humanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownor

wouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.

Preventioniskey,scientistssay,becauseonceecosystemspasstheir

tippingpoint（l|缶界点），itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.

【文章大意】本文主要讲述了科学家们已经建立了一个基于食物网的

数学模型预警系统，该系统揭示食物链中的生态平衡和破坏的原理

和提醒人们应该保护生态系统。

1.Whathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelpofmathematicalmodels

offoodwebs?

A.Thelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.

B.Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.

C.Theapproachestostudyingthespeciesintheecosystems.

D.Thedifferencesbetweenweakandstronglinksinfoodwebs.

【解析】选细节理解题。根据文章第二段

BoWithsuchmodels,

scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.可

知，通过这些模型，科学家们发现了一些在食物网中起作用的关键

原理。由此可见，科学家借助于食物网的数学模型发现了控制生态

系统食物网的规则。

2.Astronglinkisfoundbetweentwospecieswhenapredator

A.hasawidefoodchoice

B.caneasilyfindnewprey

C.stickstoonepreyspecies

D.canquicklymovetoanotherplace

【解析】选细节理解题。根据文章第二段

CoIfapredatorcaneat...

preytorecover.可知如果一个捕食者可以吃几个物种，它就可以在

其中一个物种灭绝后幸存下来。如果一个捕食者可以转移到另一个物

种，当一个捕食物种变得稀少时，更容易找到这个物种，那么这

个转换就允许原来的捕食者恢复。由此可见，当食肉动物粘在一个

捕食物种上时，发现两个物种之间有一个很强的联系。

3.Whatwillhappenifthepopulationsoftoppredatorsinafoodweb

greatlydecline?

A.Thepreyspeciestheydirectlyattackwilldieout.

B.Thespeciestheyindirectlyattackwillturnintotoppredators.

C.Thelivingenvironmentofotherspecieswillremainunchanged.

D.Thepopulationsofotherspecieswillexperienceunexpectedchanges.

【解析】选推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句可知数学模型还

Do

表明，食物网可能是不稳定的，顶部食肉动物的微小变化可能导致

整个生态系统的巨大影响。由此可见，如果食物网中顶级食肉动物

的数量大幅度下降，其他物种的种群将经历意想不到的变化。

4.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheexamplesinParagraph4?

A.Uncontrolledhumanactivitiesgreatlyupsetecosystems.

B.Rapideconomicdevelopmentthreatensanimalhabitats.

C.Speciesofcommercialvaluedominateotherspecies.

D.Industrialactivitieshelpkeepfoodwebsstable.

【解析】选推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知无计划的人类活动

Ao

证明了顶级掠食者自上而下控制的想法是正确的。在海洋中，我们

在工业规模上捕捞顶级掠食者，如鳄鱼，而在陆地上，我们杀死

大型掠食者，如狼。这些行动大大影响了生态平衡。由此可见，不

受控制的人类活动极大地破坏了生态系统。

V.语法填空

(2021・大连高一检测)

Akindofinsectgetsitsnameforthebodyshape,which

resemblesalongstick.Suchanamazing1.(appear)helpsit

successfullyhidefrompredators甘甫食者)inthebranchesoftrees.These

creatures2.(call)stickinsects.Oftencalledwalkingsticks,

theyliveoneverycontinentexceptAntarctica.Theycanbesmallerthan

aninchorlongerthan3.18-inchruler.

Therearesomeotherwaysstickinsectsusetodefend4.

(they).Somecanhitattackerswiththeirspinylegs.Othersspray

somethinginnotime5.burnsanattacker/seyes.Andsome

justtastebad.ThePeruvianstickinsectisoneofthem.Thisstickinsectis

6.(easy)toseebecauseithasred,yellow,andblack

markingsthanothers.Thesebrightcolorsareawarningtopredators,

whoknowitdischargessomethingwithanunpleasantsmellwhen7.

________(attack).

Stickinsectsaremostlynocturnal,whichmeanstheyareactiveat

night,whentheyspendtheirtimeeatingleaves.Darknessmakesit

harderformostpredators8.(discover)them.However,

darknessdoesn/tprotectstickinsects9.onesupersetof

insecthunters,insect-eatingbats.Thesebatsuseecholocation(回声定

位)t。findyummybugdinners.Andstickinsectsare10.

(absolute)onthemenuassomethingthesebatswanttoeat!

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了竹节虫的有关情况，包括

生活习性、自我保护以及天敌等。

1.【解析】appearance。考查名词。句意：这样一个惊人的外观帮助

它成功躲避开树枝上的捕食者。sucha/an+adj.+n.意为"如此……",故

此处应用的名词形式。故填

"appear”"appearance"appearanceo

【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：这些生物被称为竹

2.arecalledo

节虫。主语Thesecreatures与call之间存在动宾关系，生物被称为竹

节虫，是被动关系，根据上一句的helps可知时态为一般现在时，主语

为第三人称复数，谓语用are+过去分词。故填arecalled。

【解析】考查冠词。句意：它们可以小于英寸，也可以长

3.ano1

于18英寸的尺子。这里是泛指，且eighteen为元音音素开头，用不定

冠词故填

an,ano

.【解析】考查反身代词。句意：竹节虫还有其他一些

4themselveso

保护自己的方法。空格为defend的宾语，主语是第三人称复数，保护

它们自己，故用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。

5.【解析】thato考查定语从句关系词。句意：还有一些竹节虫会

立即喷洒一些东西，灼伤攻击者的眼睛。先行词为something,在从句

中作主语，用that弓|导，故填that。

6.【解析】easiero考查形容词的比较级。句意：这种竹节虫相对于

其他的种类更容易看见，因为它有红色、黄色和黑色的斑纹。这是一

个比较句型,than前面要用形容词/副词的比较级，故此处应为easy的

比较级easier（更容易）。故填easiero

7.【解析】attacked..考查语态。句意：这些鲜艳的颜色是对捕食者

的警告，因为捕食者知道它在受到攻击时，会释放出一种难闻的气

味。当它们被攻击的时候释放气体，"被攻击〃用被动语态。这是when

sb./sth.bedone的省略形式，主句与从句的主语一致，可以省略为

whendone（当被……的时候）。故填attackedo

8.【解析】todiscover.,考查非谓语动词。句意：黑暗使得大多数捕

食者很难发现它们。discover（发现），动词不定式结构气。+动词原形"

作真正宾语,it为形式宾语，故填todiscovero

9.【解析】from/against0考查固定搭配。句意：然而，黑暗并不能

保护竹节虫不受一种超级捕食昆虫一一蝙蝠的伤害。protectsb.

from/against（保护某人免受……）,此处为保护竹节虫免受蝙蝠的伤害。

故填from或者againsto

10.【解析】absolutely..考查副词。句意：竹节虫绝对是这些蝙蝠

想吃的东西!空格处为副词作状语，修饰be动词，故此空应填

的副词形式。故填

“absolute"absolutelyo

VI.微写作

根据下面的提示，写一篇80词左右的短文，介绍有关"不打破鸡

蛋除去蛋壳”的实验报告。

实验目的：不打破鸡蛋除去蛋壳。

实验仪器和材料：一个玻璃杯、一个小煮锅(saucepan)、水、一

个鸡蛋、约250毫升醋(vinegar)。

实验步骤：

1.先把鸡蛋放在煮锅中煮15分钟左右；

2.把鸡蛋放在玻璃杯中；

3.往玻璃杯中倒醋，醋要漫过鸡蛋；

4.把鸡蛋泡在醋中24小时。

实验结果:24小时后蛋壳完全消失。

实验结论：醋中的酸性物质(acid)与蛋壳中的碳酸钙(CaCCh)反应

生成二氧化碳(C02),蛋壳消失。

核心要点提示：

①Theaimofthisexperimentistoremove...

(2)Youneedthefollowingsubstances...

③boiltheeggforabout...

④placetheeggin...

⑤Theconclusionisthat...

【参考范文】

Theaimofthisexperimentistoremovetheshellfromanegg

withoutbreakingit.Youneedthefollowingsubstances:aglass,a

smallsaucepan,water,aneggandabout250mlvinegar.

First,boiltheeggforaboutfifteenminutesinthesaucepan.

Next,placetheeggintheglassandcoveritwithvinegar.Afterthat,

leavetheegginthevinegarfor24hours.

Theconclusionisthat24hourslater,theshelldisappears

completely.TheshellismostlymadeofCaCChandthevinegarincludes

acid.TheeggshelldissolvesbecauseCaCOsreactswithacidtoform

CO2.

蜀阅读理解

Sixyearsagoattheageof35,IsuddenlydecidedIwantedtolearn

thecell。（大提琴）.StraightawayIrentedaninstrumentandappeared

beforeWendellMargrave,professorofmusicalinstruction.

“Youcanbeasgoodasyouwanttobe,"Margravesaidrather

mysteriously.OnapieceofpaperhedrewthenotesEandF.He

showedmewheretoputmyfingersontheneckofthecelloandhowto

drawthebow.Thenheenteredmynameinhisbook:10am,

Tuesday.TuesdayfollowedTuesday,andsoonitwasspring.

Thusbeganmyvoyageoutofignoranceandintothedream.E-F,

E-F,weplayedtogether-andmovedontoG.Itwasahappytime.I

wasagainbecomingsomethingnew,andnolongertrappedasthe

sameperson.Surelythemostterriblerecognitionofmiddlelifeisthat

wearepastchanging.Wedowhatwecanalreadydo.Thecellowas

somethingIcouldn/tdo.YeteachTuesdaythisbecamelessandless

true.Ridinghomeonthebusonesnowynightandlearningthescore

ofMozart'sC-MajorQuintet,Ifeltthepageburstintomusicinmy

hands.Icouldbythenmoreorlessreadascore,andwas

humming（哼唱）thecelloline,whensuddenlyallfivepartscame

togetherharmonicallyinmyhead.Thefellowsittingoppositestared.

Imethisglancewithtears,actuallyhearingthemusicinmyheadfor

thefirsttime.Couldhehearittoo,perhaps?No,hegotoffatthe

nextstop.

Astheyearsslippedby,mydaughtergrewup,playingthepiano

well.MygoalwasthatsheandIwouldonedayperformtogether.I

alsowantedtoperforminpublicwithandformypeers,andtobe

secretlyenvied.Icontinuedtoplay,toperform,butitisnotthe

same.Before,whenIheardacell。，itwasallbeautyandlight.

Now,astheTVcameragetsclosetoRostropovich'sface,Irecognize

thathissmileshowshisincredibledetermination.Evenforhim,the

celloisadifficultinstrumentthatdoesn/trespecthisambitions.I

pickedupmycelloandpracticed.AsgoodasIwantedtobe,Iamas

goodasI'mgoingtoget.Itisgoodenough.

【文章大意】本文讲的是六年前，作者35岁的时候突然决定要学习

大提琴，她就这样开始了学习旅程，从无知到进入梦想，随着岁月的

流逝，作者的女儿长大了，钢琴弹得很好。作者的目标是有一天和女

儿一起表演。

1.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphs,wecanlearnthat.

A.theauthoralreadyknewsomecellobasics

B.theauthorwenttoacellolessoneveryTuesday

C.theauthorboughtacelloaftershedecidedtolearnit

D.WendellMargravewasafamousbutmysteriousprofessor

【解析】选细节理解题。根据第二段中

Bo“Thenheenteredmyname

inhisbook:10am,Tuesday.TuesdayfollowedTuesday,andsoon

itwasspring."可知，作者每个星期二去上大提琴课。

2.Theauthorwritesthat“Itwasahappytime."inParagraph3mainly

because.

A.shefeltveryboredw