华中师范大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》专业硕士历年考研真题及详解合集

目录2010年华中师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2011年华中师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2012年华中师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2013年华中师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2014年华中师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解

2015年华中师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2016年华中师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含部分答案）

2010年华中师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Translationoftermsorphrases(30)A.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsandphrasesintoChinese(15):CAD【答案】计算机辅助设计(ComputerAidedDesign)GPS【答案】全球定位系统(GlobalPositionSystem)UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织(UnitedNationsEducational，Scientific，andCulturalOrganization)TMD【答案】战区导弹防御系统(TheaterMissileDefense)WHO【答案】世界卫生组织(WorldHealthOrganization)DesertStormsyndrome【答案】海湾战争综合症Groupof77【答案】七十七国集团TreatyontheNon-ProliferationofNuclearWeapons【答案】不扩散核武器条约

birdflu【答案】禽流感ParadiseLost【答案】《失乐园》RedStarOverChina【答案】《红星照耀中国》TheNewYorkTimes【答案】纽约时报LostinTranslation【答案】迷失东京Safeguard【答案】舒肤佳ReutersNewsAgency【答案】路透社B.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsandphrasesintoEnglish(15)：民盟【答案】ChinaDemocraticLeague国家计委【答案】SDPC(StateDevelopmentPlanningCommission)民革

【答案】ChineseCivilRevolution南航【答案】ChinaSouthernAirlines非物质文化遗产【答案】intangibleculturalheritage个体工商户【答案】IndividualBusiness;privatelyorindividually-ownedbusiness苏州古典园林【答案】ClassicalGardensofSuzhou农村合作医疗【答案】ruralcooperativemedicalservice五代十国【答案】theperiodoffiveDynastiesandTenReigns鸦片战争【答案】TheOpiumWar社会保障体系【答案】socialsecuritysystem涉外经济体制【答案】regulatorymechanismgoverningexternaleconomicrelations综合国力

【答案】comprehensivenationalstrength基础群众自治制度【答案】thesystemofcommunity-levelself-governance限价商品房【答案】commercialhousingwithpriceceilingsII.English-ChineseTranslation(60)PassageOne(30)Noonedoubtsthatthewordswewriteorspeakareanexpressionofourinnerthoughtsandpersonalities.Butbeyondthemeaningfulcontentoflanguage,awealthofuniqueinsightsintoanauthor’smindishiddeninthestyleofatext-insuchelementsashowoftencertainwordsandwordcategoriesareused,regardlessofcontext.Itishowanauthorexpresseshisorherthoughtsthatrevealscharacter,assertssocialpsychologistJamesW.PennebakeroftheUniversityofTexasatAustin.Whenpeopletrytopresentthemselvesacertainway,theytendtoselectwhattheythinkareappropriatenounsandverbs,buttheyareunlikelytocontroltheiruseofarticlesandpronouns.Thesesmallwordscreatethestyleofatext,whichislesssubjecttoconsciousmanipulation.Pennebaker’sstatisticalanalyseshaveshownthatthesesmallwordsmayhintatthehealingprogressofpatientsandgiveusinsightintothepersonalitiesandchangingideasofpublicfigures,frompoliticalcandidatestoterrorists.“Virtuallynooneinpsychologyhasrealizedthatlow-levelwordscangivecluestolarge-scalebehaviors,”saysPennebaker,who,withcolleagues,developedacomputerprogramthatanalyzestext,calledLinguisticInquiryandWordCount(LIWC,pronounced“Luke”).【参考译文】我们写或说的话是我们内心的想法和个性的表达，这一点是毋庸置疑的。但是，除了语言的有意义的内涵之外，作者的想法和独特见解也隐

藏在文本的风格中，比如在不考虑上下文语境的情况下某些词和词类别的使用频率。德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校社会心理学家詹姆斯·W·潘尼贝克断言，这就是作者用来表达能够展现其性格的思想的方式。当人们想用一种特定的方式来展现自己时，他们倾向于选择他们所认为的正确的名词和动词，但是他们不可能控制自己对冠词和代词的使用。这些用处不大的小字眼构成了文章的风格，而且并不受限于有意识行为的操纵。潘尼贝克的数据分析表明这些用处不大的小字眼可能暗示了病人的康复过程并让我们了解到公众人物从政治候选人到恐怖分子的个性和想法的变化。他说，在心理学中，几乎没有人意识到，低级的语言可以给大规模的行为提供线索。他和同事们开发了一种分析文本的计算机程序，被称为语言查询和单词计数（LIWC，发音为卢克）。PassageTwo(30)Springsarenotalwaysthesame.Insomeyears,AprilburstsuponourVirginiahillsinoneprodigiousleapandallthestageisfilledatonce,wholechorusesoftulips,arabesquesofforsythia,cadenzasoffloweringplum.Thetreesgrowleavesovernight.Inotheryears,springtiptoesin.Itpauses,overcomebyshyness,likemygrandchildatthedoor,peepingin,duckingoutofsight,gigglinginthehallway.“Iknowyou’reoutthere，”Icry.“Comein!”AndAprilslipsintoourarms.Thedogwoodbud,palegreen,isinlaidwithrussetmarkings.Withintheperfectcupascoreofclusteredseedsarenestled.Oneexaminesthebudinawe:Wherewerethoseseedsamonthago?Theapplesdisplaytheirmilliner’sscrapsofivorysilk,rose-tinged.Allthesleepingthingswakeupprimrose,babyiris,bluephlox.Theearthwarmsyoucansmellit，feelit，crumbleAprilinyourhands.(JamesJ.Kilpatrick)【参考译文】春不总是千篇一律的。有时候，四月一个健步就跃上了弗吉尼亚的小山丘。顿时，整个舞台活跃起来：郁金香们引吭高歌，连翘花翩翩起舞，

梅花表演起了独奏。树木也在一夜之间披上了新绿。有时候，春又悄然来临。它欲前又止，羞涩腼腆，就像我的小孙女，倚在门口，偷偷往里瞅，又一下子跑开了，不见踪影，从门厅传出她咯咯的笑声。我喊一声：“我知道你在那儿，进来吧！”于是四月便倏地一下飞进我们怀中。山茱蓃的花骨朵儿嫩绿嫩绿的，镶着赤褐色的花边。在那漂亮的花萼里，竟稳稳地簇拥着十几颗小种子。我们不禁要惊羡地问一句：一个月前这些种子还在哪儿呢？苹果树则像卖帽人，向人们展示他帽子上那一片片微带点玫瑰红地乳白色丝缎。所有熟睡的都醒了——樱草花、小蝴蝶花、蓝夹竹桃。大地也暖和起来了——你可以闻到四月的气息，感觉到它那股馨香，把它捧在手中赏玩。III.Chinese-EnglishTranslation(60)龙从一开始就被人们赋予多种神格，既是雨神，又是雷神，既是云神，又是风神。为太阳拉车的是六条巨龙，是日神的骖乘。北方的烛龙是光明之神，南方的应龙曾协助远古的大禹治水，还帮大禹作战，是水神兼战神。东海的夔龙司职音乐，青龙是方位神，与天文有关。相传龙生九子，各有所好，涉及音乐、体育、法律、建筑、宗教等诸领域。可见龙是多功能神抵，除了不管婚姻、爱情，几乎处处有灵。人们祈求风调雨顺，扎应龙之状以通神。舞龙的初衷就是祈求丰收。古时吴越（长江中下游）渔民断发文身，就是为了让龙神视为已类不加伤害，赛龙正是为了娱神以求保佑。【参考译文】Fromthebeginning,thedragonwasattributedwithvariousdivinities,andwassaidtobethegodofrain,thunder,cloudandwind.ThecarriageoftheSunGodwasdrawnbysixdragons.TheCandleDragoninthenorthwastheGodofLight.TheYingDragoninthesouthwastheGodofWaterandWarwhohelpedYu,thelegendaryfounderoftheXiaDynasty(c.21st-16thcenturyBC),tamefloodsandbattlewarsduringtheprehistoricperiod.TheKuiDragonoftheEastSeawastheMuseoftheeast;andtheBlackDragonwastheGodofCelestialPositions.TheGreatDragonwassaidtohaveninesons,whohadinterestsindifferentfieldssuchasmusic,sports,law,architectureandreligion,sothisdragongovernedalmosteverythingexcept

marriageandlove.Whenprayingforfavorablecropweather,theChinesepeopleusedtocreatedragonimagestocontactthedragongod.Today’sdragondanceswereritualsdesignedtobeseechthedragonforabundantrainandharvest.TheancientpeopleinthelowerandmiddlereachesoftheYangtzeRivercuttheirhairandtattooedtheirbodiestoconvincethedragongodthattheyweresimilartohim,sothathewouldnotharmthem.Today’sdragon-boatracewasoriginallyintendedtoentertainthedragongod.

2011年华中师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Translationoftermsorphrases(30)A.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsandphrasesintoChinese(15)IMF【答案】国际货币基金组织(internationalmonetaryfund)ILO【答案】国际劳工组织(InternationalLaborOrganization)IAEA【答案】国际原子能组织(InternationalAtomicEnergyAgency)FAO【答案】联合国粮食与农业组织(FoodandAgricultureOrganization)UNCTAD【答案】联合国贸易暨发展会议(UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment)theUnionofMyanmar【答案】缅甸联邦IndianRupee【答案】印度卢比theBRICCountries【答案】金砖四国（俄罗斯、印度、中国、巴西）

GoodYear【答案】丰年BusinessWeek【答案】商业周刊TheWomanWarrior【答案】女勇士（美国当代女作家汤婷婷的成名作）Hewlett-Packard【答案】惠普（美国计算机公司）TheOtherGuys【答案】《二流警探》（动作喜剧片）SecretaryofState【答案】美国国务卿；[英国]国务大臣Group20【答案】二十国集团B.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsandphrasesintoEnglish(15)新华社【答案】XinhuaNewsAgency发改委【答案】NationalDevelopmentandReformCommission审计署

【答案】AuditOffice东航【答案】ChinaEasternAirlines国家馆日【答案】NationalPavilionDay上海世博会【答案】ShanghaiWorldexpo环幕电影【答案】circular-screenmovie低碳经济【答案】low-carboneconomy节能减排【答案】energyconservationandemissionreduction商品房【答案】commercialresidentialbuilding市场营销【答案】Marketing节约能源法【答案】EnergyConservationLaw原生态

【答案】theoriginalwayoflife应对气候变化国家方案【答案】NationalClimateChangeProgram全球财富论坛【答案】FortuneGlobalForumII.English-ChineseTranslation(60)PassageOne(30)TheOlympicGamesarcaninternationalmulti-sporteventsubdividedintosummerandwintergames.Theyareeachheldeveryfouryears.Until1992,theywerebothheldinthesameyear.Sincethen,theyhavebeenseparatedtwoyearsapart.Therearemorethan20SummerOlympicsports,includingswimming,basketball,soccer,gymnastics，boxing,weight-lifting,yachting,cyclingandequestrianevents.Skiing,ice-skatingandicehockeyareamongthe7WinterGamespoils.Acompetitormustbethecitizenofthecountryheorsherepresents.Nomorethanthreeentriesfromanycountryarepermittedineachevent(4inthewintergames).Onlyoneteampercountryisallowedinateamsport.TherearemanymythssurroundingtheoriginoftheancientOlympicGames.ThemostpopularlegenddescribesthatHeracleswasthecreatoroftheOlympicGamesandbuilttheOlympicstadiumandsurroundingbuildingsasanhonortohisfather,Zeusaftercompletinghis12labors.Accordingtothatlegend,hewalkedinastraightlinefor400stridesandcalledthisdistanceastadiumthatlateralsobecomeadistancecalculationunit.Thatisalsowhyamodernstadiumis400metersincircumferencelength(1stadium=400meters).【参考译文】奥运会是具有多竞技项目的国际性体育赛事，分为夏季奥运会和冬季奥

运会，每隔四年举行一次。在1992年之前，夏季和冬季奥运会是同年召开的，自1992年以后，则改为相隔两年召开。夏季奥运会有20多个体育比赛项目，包括游泳、篮球、足球、体操、拳击、举重、帆船、自行车、马术。滑雪、滑冰和冰球是冬季奥运会7个项目中的3项。比赛者必须是他或她所代表的国家的公民。一个国家参加任何一项比赛的选手不能超过3名（冬奥会不超过4名），并且只能派一个代表队参加团体体育比赛项目。围绕着古代奥运会的起源有着许多神话传说，在最流行的传说中，赫拉克勒斯是奥运会砖缔造者，为了表示对希腊主神、他的父亲宙斯的崇敬，在完成12项英雄业绩后，他建了奥林匹克体育场及其周围的建筑。根据传说，赫拉克勒斯大步直行400步，然后把这一行走的距离称作“斯塔德”，后来它便成了距离的计算单位，这也是为什么现代体育场周长为400米(1斯塔德=400米)。PassageTwo(30)Ononeofthosesoberandrathermelancholydays,inthelatterpartofautumnwhentheshadowsofmorningandeveningalmostmingletogether,andthrowagloomoverthedeclineoftheyear.IpassedjseveralhoursinramblingaboutWestminsterAbbey.Therewassomethingcongenialtotheseasoninthemournfulmagnificenceoftheoldpile;and,asIpasseditsthreshold,seemedlikesteppingbackintotheregionsofantiquity,andlosingmyselfamongtheshadesofformerages.IenteredfromtheinnercourtofWestminsterSchool,throughalong,low,vaultedpassagethathadanalmostsubterraneanlook,beingdimlylightedinonepartbycircularperforationsinthemassivewalls.Throughthisdarkavenue1hadadistantviewofthecloisters,withthefigureofanoldvergerinhisblackgown,movingalongtheirshadowyvaults,andseeminglikeaspecterfromoneoftheneighboringtombs.Theapproachtotheabbeythroughthesegloomymonasticremainspreparesthemindforitssolemncontemplation.【参考译文】

时方晚秋，气象肃穆，略带忧郁，早晨的阴影和黄昏的阴影，几乎连接在一起，不可分别，岁云将暮，终日昏暗，我就在这么一天，到西敏大寺去信步走了几个钟头。古寺巍巍，森森然似有鬼气，和阴沉沉的季候正好相符；我跨进大门，觉得自己好像已经置身远古世界，忘形于昔日的憧憧鬼影之中了。我是从西敏学校的内庭走进去的，先走过一条弧顶的矮矮的长廊，墙壁很厚，墙上有圆孔，略有光线透入，廊中幽暗，幽幽然似在地下行走。黑廊尽头，我远远的看见大寺里的回廊，一个老年香火道人，身穿黑袍，正沿着拱廊阴影里踽踽走去，看起来就像从附近的古坟里爬出来的鬼魂。我从当年僧院遗址那条路进入古寺，景象分外凄凉，我心也更适宜于往凄凉方面冥想了。回廊一带依然保留有几分当年的幽静出世之慨。III.Chinese-EnglishTranslation(60)我们将坚定不移坚持中国特色社会主义道路，全面贯彻执行党的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领、基本经验，继续解放思想，坚持改革开放，推动科学发展，促进社会和谐，推进全面建设小康社会进程，不断开创中国特色社会主义事业新局面、谱写人民美好生活新篇章。我们将坚定不移坚持“和平统一、一国两制”的方针，保持香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定，推动海峡两岸关系和平发展，继续为实现祖国完全统一这一中华民族的共同心愿而奋斗。我们将坚定不移坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，坚持和平发展道路，奉行互利共赢的开放战略，在和平共处五项原则基础上同所有国家发展友好合作，继续同世界各国人民一道推进人类和平与发展的崇高事业，推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。【参考译文】WewillunswervinglyfollowourpathonsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandcomprehensivelyimplementtherulingparty'sbasictheory,basicplan,basicprogramandbasicexperience.Wewillmaintainourpoliciesofemancipatingourthoughtsinreformandopening-up,pushingforwardscientificdevelopmentandpromotesocialharmony.Wewillpushforwardtheprocessofcomprehensivelybuildingamoderatelywell-off

society,turningnewpagesinbuildingasocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,andopeningnewchaptersinmakingthepeople'slifebetter.Wewillsticktothepolicyof“peacefulreunification”and“onecountry,twosystems”tohelpHongKongandMacaoremainprosperousandstable,toseekpeacefuldevelopmentofcross-straitrelations,andtoworkforthecompletereunificationofthemotherland,whichisthecommonaspirationoftheChinesenation.Wewillunswervinglymaintainanindependentforeignpolicyofpeace.Wewillfollowapathofpeacefuldevelopment.Wewillseekastrategyofwin-wincooperationbasedontheFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCo-existence.Wewilldevelopfriendlyrelationsandcooperationwithallnations.Wejoinhandswiththepeoplefromallovertheworldinpushingforwardtheloftycauseofmakingtheworldmorepeacefulandprogressiveandbuildingaharmoniousworldoflong-lastingpeaceandprosperity.

2012年华中师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Translationoftermsorphrases(30)A.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsandphrasesintoChinese(15):P&G【答案】宝洁公司(Procter&Gamble)NBA【答案】全美篮球协会(NationalBasketballAssociation)FBI【答案】美国联邦调查局(FederalBureauofInvestigation)UPI【答案】合众国际社(UnitedPressInternational)WIPO【答案】世界知识产权组织(WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization)theRepublicofHaiti【答案】海地共和国LibiyaDinar【答案】利比亚第纳尔hologram【答案】全息图InformationSuperHighway

【答案】信息高速公路Honda【答案】本田Budweiser【答案】百威啤酒Observer【答案】《观察家报》TheSunAlsoRises【答案】《太阳照样升起》AlJazeeraNetwork【答案】半岛电视新闻网TheArabiaspring【答案】阿拉伯之春B.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsandphrasesintoEnglish(15):中央党校【答案】PartySchooloftheCentralCommitteeofCPC九三学社【答案】JiuSanSociety中组部【答案】OrganizationDepartmentoftheCPCCentralCommittee

国家民委【答案】StateEthnicAffairsCommission国家体育运动委员会【答案】StatePhysicalCultureandSportsCommission卫生部【答案】MinistryofHealthofthePeople'sRepublicofChina最高人民法院【答案】TheSupremePeople’sCourtofThePeople'sRepublicofChina中国工商银行【答案】IndustrialandCommercialBankofChina(ICBC)翻译标准【答案】translationcriterion体裁【答案】genre可持续发展【答案】sustainabledevelopment回教【答案】Islam祠堂【答案】ancestraltemple

端午节【答案】DragonBoatFestival第三产业【答案】tertiaryindustryII.English-ChineseTranslation(60)PassageOne(30)Theword“winner”and“loser”havemanymeanings.Whenwerefertoapersonasawinner,wedonotmeanonewhomakessomeoneelselose.Tous,awinnerisonewhorespondsauthenticallybybeingcredible,trustworthy,responsive,andgenuine,bothasanindividualandasamemberofasociety.Winnersdonotdedicatetheirlivestoaconceptofwhattheyimaginetheyshouldbe;rather,theyarethemselvesandassuchdonotusetheirenergyputtingonaperformance,maintainingpretence,andmanipulatingothers.Theyareawarethatthereisadifferencebetweenbeinglovingandactingloving,betweenbeingstupidandactingstupid,betweenbeingknowledgeableandactingknowledgeable.Winnersdonotneedtohidebehindamask.Winnersarenotafraidtodotheirownthinkingandtousetheirownknowledge.Theycanseparatefactsfromopinionsanddon'tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Theylistentoothers,evaluatewhattheysay,butcometotheirownconclusions.Althoughwinnerscanadmireandrespectotherpeople,theyarenottotallydefined,demolished,bound,orawedbythem.Winnersdonotplay“helpless”,nordotheyplaytheblaminggame.Instead,theyassumeresponsibilityfortheirownlives.【参考译文】“胜利者”与“失望者”有很多含义。当我们谈到某个人是胜利者的时候，我们不是说他通过打倒某人取胜了。在我们看来，胜利者就是一个值得

信赖，敢于承担责任并且诚恳的人――作为个体或作为社会一员都是如此。成功者行事并不拘泥于某种信条，即便是他们认为应为其奉献一生的理念；而是本色行事，所以并不把精力用来表演，保持伪装或控制他人。他们明白爱与装爱，愚蠢于装傻，博学与卖弄之间迥然有别。成功者无须藏于面具之后。成功者敢于独立思考，敢于运用自己的知识，他们能将事实与观点区分开来，而且不假装知晓一切答案。他们倾听别人的意见，评价他们的观点，同时也得出自己的结论。虽然成功者钦佩他任，尊敬他人，但他们不会完全被他人所决定，所摧垮，所束缚，所吓倒。成功者不会假装无助，也不会怨天尤人。相反，他们承担起自己的生活责任。PassageTwo(30)Itbeginswhenafeelingofstillnesscreepsintomyconsciousness.Everythinghassuddenlygonequiet.Birdsdonotchirp.Leavesdonotrustle.Insectsdonotsing.Theairthathasbeenhotalldaybecomesheavy.Ithangsoverthetrees,pressestheheadsoftheflowerstotheground,sitsonmyshoulders.WithavaguefeelingofuneasinessImovetothewindow.There,inthewest,liestheanswer-cloudhaspiledoncloudtoformaridgeofmammothwhiletowers,rearingagainstbluesky.Theirpiercingwhitenessisofbriefduration.Soonthemarshmallowrimsflattentoanviltops,andthecloudsrevealtheirdarkernature.Theyimposethemselvesbeforethelate-afternoonsun,andthedaydarkensearly.Thenagustofwindshipsthedustalongtheroad,chillwarningofwhatistocome.Inthehouseadoorshutswithabang,curtainsbillowintotheroom.Irushtoclosethewindows,emptytheclothesline,securethepatiofurnishings.Thunderbeginstogrumbleinthedistance.【参考译文】

起初，有一种平静的感觉悄悄袭上我的心头。刹那间，万物都突然寂静无声。鸟儿不在啁啾，树叶不再沙沙作响，昆虫也停止了欢唱。整日闷热的空气变得格外呆滞，它笼罩着树木，逼得花朵垂向地面，也压得我的肩头沉甸甸的。我怀着隐隐约约的烦躁不安，信步走到窗前，原来答案就在西边天际，云层重重叠叠，就像一排嵯峨的白塔，高耸在蓝天之上。云彩那耀眼的白色转瞬便消失了。顷刻间，棉花糖状的云彼岸变得像铁砧一样平展，云层也露出了阴暗的本来面目。它强行遮住西斜的太阳，使天色早早就黑了下来。接着，劲风骤起，一路卷起尘土飞扬。冷嗖嗖的，预示着即将来临的一切。砰的一声，风关上了一扇房门。窗帘也随风扬起，向屋内翻卷着。我急忙跑上去关上窗户，收下晾晒的衣服，安顿好露台上的家什。远处开始响起隆隆的雷声。

2013年华中师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、词条翻译Chevrolet【答案】（美国）雪佛兰牌汽车Nokia【答案】诺基亚（手机品牌）Greyhound【答案】“灰狗”（美国长途公共汽车公司）InternationalHeraldTribune【答案】国际先驱论坛报TheMerchantofVenice【答案】威尼斯商人（莎士比亚戏剧作品）AssociationofSouthEastAsianNations(ASEAN)【答案】东南亚国家联盟OutofAfrica【答案】《走出非洲》RomanHolidays【答案】《罗马假日》TheLionKing【答案】《狮子王》

TheWomanWarrior【答案】女勇士（美国当代女作家汤婷婷的成名作）PlayBoy【答案】花花公子杂志NewYorker【答案】《纽约客》杂志Fortune【答案】财富杂志OLAY【答案】玉兰油Starbuck【答案】星巴克本地化【答案】localization时间表【答案】timetable审校【答案】reviser;checking钉子户【答案】nailhousehold

房产证【答案】propertyownershipcertificate商品房【答案】commercialhousing;commodityapartment停车位【答案】parkingspace物业税【答案】propertytax社会保障体系【答案】socialsecuritysystem人才战略【答案】TalentStrategy廉租房【答案】lowrentapartment强国战略【答案】thestrategyofstrengtheningthecountrythroughhumanresourcedevelopment人才政策【答案】talentspolicy高雅艺术【答案】HighArt

秒杀【答案】seckilling二、篇章翻译PassageOne(30)AcenturyagoAmericanmenoutnumberedandoutlivedthewomen.Butinthe20thcentury,womenbeganlivinglonger,primarilybecausepregnancyandchildbirthhadbecomelessdangerous.Thegapgrewsteadily.In1946,forthefirsttimeeverintheUnitedStates,femalesoutnumberedmales.Partofthereasonsareself-inflicted.Mensmokemorethanwomen,drinkmoreandtakemorelife-threateningchances.Menaremurdered(usuallybyothermen)threetimesasoftenaswomenare.Theycommitsuicideatahigherrateandhavemorethantwiceasmanyfatalcaraccidentsaswomendo.Menaremorelikelytobeinvolvedinalcohol-relatedfatalities.Butbehaviordoesn’texplainawaythelongevitygap.Norisstresstheanswer.Inthe1950s,asheartdiseaseclaimedmoreandmoremalevictims,pressureinthecorporateboardroomwasblamed.Letwomenventureoutofthehomeandintothelineoffire,doctorssaid,andtheywouldbegindyingatthesamerateasmen.Butafunnythinghappenedonthewaytothefuneral.Between1950and1985,thepercentageofemployedwomenintheUnitedStatesnearlydoubled.Thoseworkingwomen,severalstudieshavefound;areashealthyaswomenathome.【参考译文】一个世纪之前，美国男人的数量和寿命均超过女人。但到了20世纪，女人开始活得更长，主要原因是怀孕和分娩的危险性降低了。这种差距一直在扩大。到1946年，美国的女性人数首次超过男性。究其原因，一部分是咎由自取。男人吸烟多于女人，酗酒也多，遭遇凶险的机会也多。男人遇害（通常是其他男人所为）是女人的三倍之多。他们自杀的比率较高，因车祸死于非命的也比女人多出一倍有余。男人更易招致酒后身亡的事故。且看男人开车！

但是行为说明不了长寿的差距。工作紧张也不成其为理由。在本世纪50年代，死于心脏病的男性越来越多，于是怪罪公司董事会议室里的压力太大。医生都说，让妇女放胆走出家门，走上火线，她们的死亡率也会向男人的看齐。不过在送终的路上发生了一件怪事。在1950年至1985年间，美国就业妇女的百分比几乎增加了一倍。各种研究材料表明，这些职业妇女与家庭妇女一样健康。PassageTwo(30)Insomesocietiespeoplewantchildrenforwhatmightbecalledfamilialreasons:toextendthefamilylineorthefamilyname,topropitiatetheancestors;toenabletheproperfunctioningofreligiousritualsinvolvingthefamily.Suchreasonsmayseemthininthemodem,secularizedsocietybuttheyhavebeenandarepowerfulindeedinotherplaces.Inaddition,oneclassoffamilyreasonssharesaborderwiththefollowingcategory,namely,havingchildreninordertomaintainorimproveamarriage:toholdthehusbandoroccupythewife,torepairorrejuvenatethemarriage;toincreasethenumberofchildrenontheassumptionthatfamilyhappinessliesthatwayThepointisunderlinedbyitsconverse:insomesocietiesthefailuretobearchildren(ormales)is&threattothemarriageandareadycausefordivorce.Beyondallthatistheprofoundsignificanceofchildrentotheveryinstitutionofthefamilyitself.Tomanypeople,husbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily-theyneedchildrentoenrichthecircle,tovalidateitsfamilycharacter,togathertheredemptiveinfluenceofoffspring.【参考译文】在某些社会中，人们希望拥有孩子是出于所谓的家庭原因：传宗接代，光宗耀祖，博取祖辈的欢心，使那些涉及到整个家族的宗教仪式得以发挥其应有的作用。此类原因在现代世俗化的社会中似显苍白，但它们在其他地方曾一度构成并确实仍在构成强有力的理由。此外，有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共通之处，这便是：生儿育女是为着维系或改善婚姻：能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不至于无所事事；修复婚姻或为婚姻注入新的活力；多子多孙，以为家庭幸福，惟系于此。这一

点更可因其相反情形而得以凸现：在某些社会中，无法生儿育女（或无法生育男孩）于婚姻而言可构成一种威胁，并可作为离婚的一个顺理成章的（或现成的）缘由。除了所有这一切以外，还有一个原因，那就是后代对于家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义。对许多人来说，夫妇两人尚不足以构成一个真正意义上的家庭－－夫妻需要孩子来丰富其两人小天地，赋予该小天地以真正意义上的家庭性质，并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报。PassageThree(60)这本《中国文化读本》出版正当其时。全书不仅对中国文化一些有特色的内容和亮点作了具体生动的介绍，而且力求讲出中国文化的精神，讲出中国文化的内在意味，讲出中国文化的核心价值，力求进一步展示中国人的心灵世界、文化性格、生活态度和审美情趣，并注意发掘中国文化中具有普世价值的意义世界。他们希望这本读物不仅能向国内外读者通俗地介绍中国文化，而且能提供一个新颗的视角来对中国文化进行有深度的认识。只有这种有深度的认识，才能照亮中国文化的本来面貌。我赞同他们的这种努力和追求。该书写得有声有色，读起来有“活的风味”。书中写到了紫禁城、天坛、兵马俑、民居建筑等一处处有形实物，又写到书法、绘画、园林、京剧、瓷器等一件件艺术作品。【参考译文】ItisatsuchahopefultimethatInsightsintoChineseCulturehasbeenpublished.Beyondgeneralknowledge,thisbookprovidesadetailed,vividintroductiontocertainuniquefeaturesandhighlightsofChineseculture.TheauthorshaveattemptedtorepresentthespiritandcorevaluesofChineseculture,especiallythosewithuniversalsignificance.Theyhavealsotriedtoexemplifytheinnerworld,thelifeviewsandaestheticinterestsoftheChinesepeople.TheyhopethisbookwillserveasapopularintroductiontoChinesecultureforreadersbothinChinaandabroad.Atthesametime,theyalsohopetheirinsightscanprovideanewperspectiveforreaderstogainadeeperunderstandingofthetrueessenceofChineseculture.Iagreewiththeirpursueandbehavior.

Thisbookisquitewonderfulwithakindofvividstyle.SubjectscoveredinthisbookrangefromancientwonderssuchastheForbiddenCity,theGreatWall,theTerracottaArmy,andtraditionalresidencesofordinarypeople,toenduringartworksofcalligraphy,painting,landscapegardening,PekingOpera,andporcelain.

2014年华中师范大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、词条英汉互译ADB【答案】亚洲开发银行(AsianDevelopmentBank)UNCharter【答案】《联合国宪章》ASEAN-AssociationofSoutheastAsianNationsLeagueofArabstates【答案】东南亚国家联盟（东盟）OfficeofUnitedStatesTradeRepresentatives【答案】美国贸易代表办公室UnitedCombatantCommands【答案】联合作战司令部CSD【答案】联合国可持续发展委员会(CommissiononSustainableDevelopment)ICAO【答案】国际民航组织(InternationalCivilAviationOrganization)IDB【答案】美洲开发银行(InterAmericanDevelopmentBank)ILO

【答案】国际劳工组织(InternationalLaborOrganization)PIF【答案】太平洋岛国论坛(PacificIslandsForum)UNDP【答案】联合国开发计划署(UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram)IMO【答案】国际海事组织(InternationalMaritimeOrganization)ITU【答案】国际电信联盟(InternationalTelecommunicationUnion)Porsche【答案】保时捷（德国知名汽车厂商或其出产的轿车品牌名）中华人民共和国科学技术部【答案】MinistryofScienceandTechnologyofthePRC国家安全部【答案】MinistryofStateSecurity民政部【答案】MinistryofCivilAffairs国家计划生育委员会【答案】StateFamilyPlanningCommission国务院办公厅

【答案】GeneralOfficeoftheStateCouncil海关总署【答案】GeneralAdministrationofCustoms国家环境保护总局【答案】StateEnvironmentalProtectionAdministration国家质量技术监督局【答案】CSBTS(StateBureauofQualityTechnicalSupervision)法律援助服务委员会【答案】LegalAidServicesCouncil中国证券监督管理委员会【答案】CSRC(ChinaSecuritiesRegulatoryCommission)国家海洋局【答案】StateOceanicAdministration承德避暑山庄【答案】ChengdeMountainResort人民英雄纪念碑【答案】MonumenttothePeople’sHeroes二十四节气【答案】the24solarterms江南水乡

【答案】thesouthofthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver二、篇章翻译PassageAAtseventeenthepromiseofNoellesearlybeautyhadbeenmorethanfulfilled.Shehadmaturedintoanexquisitewoman.Shehadfine,delicatefeatures,eyesavividvioletcolorandsoftash-blondhair.Herskinwasfreshandgoldenasthoughshehadbeendippedinhoney.Herfigurewasstunning,withgenerous,firm,youngbreasts,asmallwaist,roundedhipsandlongshapelylegs,withdelicateankles.Hervoicewasdistinctive,softandmellifluous.Therewasastrong,smolderingsensualityaboutNoelle,butthatwasnothermagic.Hermagiclayinthefactthatbeneaththesensualityseemedtolieanuntouchedislandofinnocence,andthecombinationwasirresistible.Shecouldnotwalkdownthestreetswithoutreceivingpropositionsfrompassersby.TheywerenotthecasualoffersthattheprostitutesofMarseillereceivedastheirdailycurrency,foreventhemostobtusemenperceivedsomethingspecialinNoelle,somethingthattheyhadneverseenbeforeandperhapswouldneverseeagain，andeachwaswillingtopayasmuchashecouldaffordtotrytomakeitapartofhimself,howeverbriefly.【参考译文】诺艾丽十七岁时，早先便有的那种美丽就更加显得出类拔萃了。她已经成为一个俊俏的女郎：身材苗条，一双媚人的紫色眼睛，加上柔软的淡黄色头发，标致极了。她的皮肤洁白细嫩，好像在蜜糖里浸过似的；胸脯饱满结实，其他各个部分也都长得十分匀称；讲起话来清脆悦耳，甜滋滋的，谁见了都会动心。但是，从她身上散发出来的更重要的是天真无邪的气质。肌体上的完美加上少女的天真，使她无论在街上走到哪里，都要招来无数惊异的目光：有的是属于爱慕的，有的是属于猥亵的。PassageTwo(30)TheLivingSeas

Theoceancoversthreequartersoftheearth’ssurface,produces90percentofallitslife-supportingoxygen,andisthedrivingforcebehindtheentireweathersystem.Thereareover450millioncubicmilesofseawaterontheearth;andeachcubicmilecontainsover150milliontonsofminerals.Sovastandsopervasiveistheseathatiftheearth’scrustweremadelevel,oceanwaterwouldformablanketover8,000feetdeep.Theoceanscontributeimmeasurablytotheearth’slifesupportsystemaswellasprovideanuntappedstorehouseoffood,minerals,energy,andarchaeologicaltreasure.Advancedatmosphericdivingsuitspermitresearcherstodescendtodepthsof1,500feet.Yettheocean’saveragedepthisgreaterthan12,000feet.Itisatthesedepthsthatremarkablediscoveriesarebeingmade,discoverieswhichonlyashorttimeagowouldhavebeenimpossible.Inthatdepth,wheredarknessisabsoluteandpressureexceedseighttonspersquareinch,roboticsubmersibleshavediscoveredenormousgorges,fourtimesdeeperthantheGrandCanyon.Here,too,arevolcanoesthatvastlyoutnumberthoseonland.LandslidesthesizeofRhodeIslandhavebeenrecorded,aswellasragingunderseastormsthatgocompletelyunnoticedonthesurfacewhiledramaticallyrearrangingtheunderwaterlandscapes.Andundertheseseasthelargestsinglegeologicalfeatureonearthhasbeenfound-amountainrangethatdwarfstheHimalayas.It’sarangethatcoversnearlyonequarteroftheearth’ssurface.【参考译文】海洋占地球表面四分之三。地球上维持生命的氧气，90%产生于海洋，整个天气体系变化的动力也是海洋。地球上的海水超过4亿5千万立方英里，每立方英里含有的矿物超过1亿5千万吨。海洋如此广大浩瀚，如此分布辽阔，地球表层如果使之平整起来，那么海水可以形成深8000多英尺的覆盖层。海洋对地球上的维持生命系统做出了不可估量的贡献，同时又是一座尚

未打开的宝库，储有食物、矿物、能源和具有很大考古价值的东西。先进的常压潜水衣可以使研究人员下沉到1500英尺的深度。但海洋的平均深度超过12000英尺。现在正是在这个深度才发现了惊人的情况，这些发现在不久以前是不可能办到的。这个深度的海中完全是漆黑一片，每平方英寸的压力超过8吨，潜水机器人在这里发现了巨大的峡谷，比美国科罗拉多大峡谷深3倍。这里火山之多，大大超过陆地上的火山，也曾有过规模大到和罗得岛一样的山崩，还有猛烈的海底风暴，这种风暴在海面上一点也察觉不到，却剧烈地改变着水下的景观。就在这些海洋中发现了地球上唯一最大的地质结构——一条使喜马拉雅相形见绌的大山脉，这条山脉覆盖了地球表面几乎四分之一。PassageThree(60)唐明皇（685-762，712-756在位）心爱的宠妃杨玉环，不但娇羞动人，更娴熟音律，入宫即得三千宠爱在一身。玉环不仅得宠，杨氏门也尽得提拔。兄长杨国忠位列丞相，却穷奢极欲纳贿专权。神仙嫦娥知明皇通识乐理，将梦中的玉环召唤至月宫，传授她“霓裳羽衣”仙乐。玉环依照梦中记忆谱曲，与明皇合制了传世之作《霓裳羽衣曲》。玉环嗜食荔枝，明皇特命从中国南方以快马进献，递送的驿史塌毁了无数百姓的良田，民怨四起。七夕之夜，玉环与明皇相携明誓，银河上，牛郎织女也见证了他们的爱情。而大唐宫中的甜蜜时光却因一场暴乱而成镜花水月。面对暴乱，明皇亦挽救不了玉环的命运。平乱后，明皇命人用檀木塑了玉环的座像，将思念和忏悔之情赋予雕像。死后的玉环，不但受到土地神的眷顾，而且得到织女的同情。在嫦娥、织女等众神的帮助下，二人终于在中秋夜月宫重圆，永不分离。【参考译文】ThemostbelovedwifeofEmperorXuanzongofTang(685-762,712-756inpower),YangYuhuan,wasnotonlybeautifulandcharmingbutskillfulintherhythmofmusic,thusgainingalltheloveoftheemperorsinceshecametothepalace