02必修二Unit4过去分词作定语和宾语（语法）（原卷版）

02必修二Unit4语法精讲精练过去分词作定语和宾语补足语过去分词，也称动词的ed形式，是一种非限定动词。规则动词的过去分词形式由动词原形词尾加ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词形式有不规则动词变化表。ed形式一般表示被动和完成，只有一种形式，没有时态和语态的形式变化、它在句子中可以充当定语、宾语补足语等成分。

一、过去分词作定语

1.过去分词作定语时的意义

过去分词作定语，强调被动或者完成的意义。

Things

seen

are

mightier

than

things

heard.

(谚语)眼见为实，耳听为虚。

Her

daughter,

brought

up

by

me,

has

begun

to

work

now.

她的由我养育的那个女儿现在已经参加工作了。

2.过去分词作定语时的位置

(1)单个的过去分词作定语，常放在所修饰的名词的前面。过去分词短语作定语时，须放在所修饰的名词之后，此时，它相当于定语从句。

He

told

me

that

this

was

the

wounded

soldier.

他告诉我这就是那个受伤的战士。

Near

the

window,

there

is

a

bookshelf

filled

with

books

(=

which

is

filled

with

books).

窗户旁有一个装满书的书架。

(2)当被修饰的词是复合不定代词

something,nothing,somebody

等或指示代词

those,these等时，作定语的过去分词须后置。

There

has

been

nothing

changed

since

I

left

London

two

years

ago.

自从我两年前离开伦敦后，那儿一直没有什么变化。

Is

there

anything

unsolved?

还有没解决的问题吗？

(3)某些不及物动词的过去分词，不可以单独作前置定语。但可以与某些副词构成复合形容词作前置定语。

完成的意义。

wellbehaved

children

守规矩的孩子

newlyarrived

visitors刚到的参观者

3.现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别doing现在分词表示被修饰词发起的动作，在逻辑上它们是主谓关系，并表示被修饰词的特点、性质等；且现在分词表示正在进行的行为the

boiling

water

沸水

the

developing

country

发展中国家

the

falling

leaves

正在

飘落的树done被修饰词是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者；在逻辑上它们是动宾关系；且过去分词表示已经完成的行为the

boiled

water

开水

the

developed

country

发达国家

the

fallen

leave

落叶过去分词作宾语补足语英语中过去分词作宾语补足语，通常用于以下几种情况：

1.过去分词用在表示状态的动词

keep，leave等后面。keep/leave+n.

/

pron.

+

pp

Keep

your

mouth

shut

and

your

eyes

open.

(谚语)少说多看。

2.过去分词用在表示“致使”意义的动词后面。如：have,make,get

等。

(1)“have+宾语+过去分词”这一结构有三种含义：①表示“让某事被(别人)做”。I

have

my

hair

cut

once

a

month.我一个月理一次发。They

are

going

to

have

the

entrance

hall

painted

white.他们准备让人把门厅粉刷成白色。②表示“遇到某种不幸；受到打击；蒙受……损失；受……影响”。While

they

were

on

holiday,

they

had

their

car

broken

into.他们在度假时车被撬开了。He

had

his

hat

blown

off

on

his

way

home.在回家的路上他的帽子被风吹走了。③表示“完成某事(自己也可能参与)”。I

have

had

all

my

spelling

mistakes

corrected.我已经把所有的拼写错误都改正了。He

has

had

one

thousand

yuan

saved

this

year.他今年已经存了一千元了。

(2)“make+宾语+过去分词”这一结构中，过去分词的动作必须是表示结果含义的。He

is

trying

to

make

himself

understood.他在努力把自己的意思说清楚。

3.过去分词用在表示感觉或心理状态的动词后面。如:see,watch,

observe,

find,

hear,

feel,

notice

等。She

felt

a

great

weight

taken

off

her

mind.

她觉得心里轻松多了。The

next

morning

people

found

the

world

outside

pletely

changed.第二天早上，人们发现外面的世界完全变了。

4.过去分词用在“with/without+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，宾语与过去分词在逻辑上存在被动关系。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。With

many

brightlycoloured

flowers

planted

around

the

building,

her

house

looks

like

a

beautiful

garden.她的房子周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花，看上去就像一个漂亮的花园。With

everything

well

arranged,

he

left

the

office.一切安排妥当后，他离开了办公室。

5.过去分词用在表示“希望，要求，命令”的动词后面。如want,

wish,

expect,

would

like,order

等。He

won’t

like

such

questions

discussed

at

the

meeting.他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。The

students

wish

the

TV

serial

plays

continued.学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。

【口诀助记】

一感二听三使役六看，后接分词作宾语补足语常见，

主动

doing

被动

done，还有

with

结构要记上。

(一“感觉”：feel；二“听”；hear,listen

to；三“使役”：have,leave,keep;六“看”：see,

watch,look

at,

observe,

find,

notice;

with

结构：with+宾语+宾语补足语。)

★温馨提示过去分词、现在分词和不定式作宾语补足语的区别过去分词作宾语补足语宾语和动词之间为被动关系，其动作先于谓语动作现在分词作宾语补足语宾语和动词之间为主动关系，其动作与谓语动作同时发生不定式作宾语补足语可表示一个完成的动作或者表示一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作①I

saw

him

opening

the

window.我看到他在开窗户。(强调正在开窗户)②I

saw

the

window

opened.我看见窗户被打开了。(强调看见时窗户已经被打开了)

③I

saw

him

open

the

window.我看见他打开了窗户。(省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，表示看到了开窗户的全过程）三、单句语法填空：1.Thisisthestatueofabravesoldier

(seat)onahorse,withagunonhisback.2.ProfessorJordangaveusamore

(confuse)lecturethisafternoonandmostofuswere

(confuse).3.Heisenthusiasticallytalkingwithaman

(call)Mike.4.Themeeting

(hold)yesterdaywasofgreatimportance.5.Theboy

(absorb)inhishomeworkwasmydeskmate.6.Doyouknowthetower

(locate)intheheartofthecity?7.Thereisa

(determine)lookonherface.8.Thepeople

(link)totherobberywereputintoprison.9.Thegirl

(lose)inthoughtissecondtononeinmaths.10.Thereisa

(pollute)rivernearmyhouse,givingabadsmell.11.Whenhecamebacktenyearslater,hefoundhishometowngreatly

(change).12.Iwanthim

(finish)thehomeworkintime.13.Myfatherhadhadthehouse

(paint)beforewemovedin.14.Theendofthestoryleftme

(puzzle).15.IturnedaroundbecauseIheardsomeone

(speak)myhometowndialect.16.Thespeakerraisedhervoicetomakeherself

(hear).17.Isawthem

(play)footballwhenIpassedby.18.Theykeptthedoor

(lock)foralongtime.19.Wecanhearthewindows

(beat)bytheraindrops.20.Wemustgetthework

(finish)by10o’clock.21.Themonkeyputsitshandintotheboxthroughaholejustbigenoughforanemptyhand,butwhenitgrabstheappleandholdsittightly,itgets

(stick).22.Thefamousmuseum

(destroy)intheterriblefirehasbeenrepairedthankstothesupportfromthegovernment.23.Shewantsherpaintings

(show)inthegallery,butherpaintingsaren’tpopular.24.

(bury)undertheruins,thelittlegirlwasratherfrightenedandcriedforhelp.25.

(adapt)fromatruestory,thefilmissetinParisinthe1900s.26.Eachyear,alargenumberofteensandyoungadultsget

(injure)whileplayingsports.27.

(pare)withotherstudents,Maryismoredeterminedtoachievehergoal.28.When

(offer)help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“It’skindofyou.”.29.

(face)withproblemsinrelationship,theydon’tknowwhattodo.30.

(locate)inthecenterofthetown,theshoppingmallwasagoodchoiceforpeopletoshop.31.

(equip)withnecessaryknowledgeandskills,Iwasqualifiedforthejob.32.

(surround)withpeoplewholoveandrespecthim,hefeelsdelightedandenergeticeveryday.33.

(motivation)toworkmoreefficiently,theemployeesareconcentratingontheirtasks.34.Fortyyearsago,mostpeopleinChinalivedinsmallhouseswherewinterseemedtobeextremelycold,butnowpeopleliveinlargehouses

(equip)withheatingsystems.35.Once

(heat),waterwillchangeintosteam.36.

(pare)tooursmallapartment,ouruncle’shouseseemedlikeapalace.37.Herefusedtoaccept

(donate)moneyanddecidedtomakemoneybyhimself.38.Activelearnersdonotjudgepeople

(base)onfirstimpressionsorpersonalfeelings.39.Heisaregularcustomertothebarbecuerestaurant,inwhichroastmuttonand

(fry)chickenarehisfavorite.40.Iamwritingtheletterforthepositionasavolunteer

(advertise)inthenewspaper.41.

(paint)onafivemeterlongsilkscroll,QingmingScrollisamasterworkofChinesart.42.Theresultsindicatedthatsomething

(produce)bythemouldhadkilledthebacteria.43.Thereyouwilleatfoodwhichiscookedinleaves

(steam)overhotstones.44.

(overe)withsorrow,ZhuYingtaijumpsintoLiangShanbo’sgrave.45.Witheyesnolonger

(fix)onourphones,wehadachancetoreallyenjoyeachother’spany.46.Nowit’sdone.Regretsareofnobenefit.It’snousecryingfor

(spill)

milk.47.MrSmithaskedusto

(response)tohimactivelyinclass.48.Somelanguagemunitiesare

toadoptingwordsfromothercultures.49.Thebook

(entitle)“HeavyPackagesofHistory”showtheweightofhistoryitcarries.50.Theproduceresregularlytocollectthecameras

(return)toourshopforqualityproblems.四、高考真题回顾：1.(2023·全国I卷)Shanghaimaybethe__________(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolonghao’sbirthplace.2.(2023·全国甲卷)Behindthesimplestyle,however,isaseriousmessage_________(intend)foreveryone.3.(2023·全国乙卷)FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutongtoroyalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefully________(build)systemofringroads.4.(2022·全国甲卷)InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation_________(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.5.(2022·全国乙卷)“......Itcanhelptobuildamunitywitha_________(share)futureformankind,”hesaid.6.(2021·全国I卷)Strange,isn’tit?Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus_________(astonish).7.(全国Ⅰ)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporter_________(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.8.(全国Ⅰ)Astudyoftravelers__________(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.五、语篇语法填空：(1)阅读下面短文，在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式(13词)。Aleaffellintothewaterandchangedthetasteofit.Therefore,teawasborn.Chinaisknown1thehomeoftea.Sinceancienttimes,tea2(exist)inChineseculture,leavingitsaromainpoetryandcustoms.Manytealoversenjoyteanotjustforitsflavor,3alsoforthebeautyofteaceremonies.4(pick)tealeavesisanimportantspringactivityintheYangtzeRiverbasininSouthChina.TheearliestteaisoftenreadytobepickedbeforeQingming,5thetemperaturebeginstoriseandrainfallincreases.ThisprecioussmalloutputofteaiscalledMingqiantea.EastChina’sZhejiangprovinceis6(wide)acknowledgedasamajorproduceroftea.WhiteTeainHuzhoucity’sAnjicountyandWestLakeLongjingTeainHangzhouaretwofamousteasinbothChinaandabroad.Inspring,localhillsides7(fill)withteaworkerssowingseedsontheirland.Manytouristslikethebeautifulsceneryofteafarms,while8(enjoy)afreshlybrewedcupoftea.Teahasalsobeenacarrierforculturalexchanges.AlongwithChina’ssilk,teawasoneofthefirst9(product)toreceiveworldwidetrade.TraditionalteaprocessingtechniquesandassociatedsocialpracticesinChinawereplacedon10RepresentativeListoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanityin2022.(2)NodiscussionaboutChinesecultureispletewithoutmentioningoftheGreatWall.Itisoneofthemostamazing1(structure)intheentireworld.Throughmorethan2,000yearsfromthe2(seven)centuryBCtothe16thcenturyAD,19DynastiesbuiltpartsoftheGreatWall,3(add)uptoover100,000kilometers.Itpreventednorthernpeopleonhorseback4attackingpeopleinthesouth.ThehardshipsinvolvedinbuildingtheGreatWallarebeyond5(imagine).AChineseidiom6(vivid)expressestheGreatWall,“EffortsjoinedbymanycanbuildtheGreatWall.”Overthecenturies,theGreatWall7(bee)asymbolofstrengthfortheChinesepeople.Forexample,thenationalanthem,posedbyNieEr,8(call)onthepeopleto“buildournewGreatWallwithourfleshandblood.”ThewellpreservedsectionsweseetodayweremainlybuiltduringtheMingDynasty(1368—1644),among9themostpopulararearoundBeijing,includingBadaling,Mutianyu,Juyongguan,andSimatai.Adaytouror10longhikealongtheGreatWallallowsyoutotravelbackintimetofeelthethousandsofyears’changesandtheethos(精神风貌)oftheancientKingdomofChina.(3)Gulangyu,whichisalsocalled“pianoisland”or“museumofglobalarchitectures”,isanislandoffthecoastofXiamen,southeastChina’sFujianProvince.Thelittleisland1(think)ofasanamecardofXiamenCityandofFujianProvinceasawhole.Gulangyusawrapidgrowthin2(it)cultureandeducationinmoderntimes,withschools,hospitals,newspaperoffices3librariesbuiltbypeoplefrombothhomeandabroad.Theislandbecameafamoustouristdestinationin4late1970s.Unfortunately,effortstoprotectthelocalhistoricalsitesandculturalheritages(遗产)fellbehindwhen5(tourist)floodedtoGulangyuisland.Asaresult,the6(protect)ofGulangyubecamenecessary.BaguaMansion(八卦楼)，ortheEightDiagramsMansion,wasbuiltintheearly20thcenturyandisoneoftheattractionsontheisland.Lateron,itwas7(bad)inneedofrepairbuttherewasnoenoughmoneytodoit.In1986,theXiamengovernmentdecided8(repair)themansion.Afterthat,BaguaMansionbecametheonlymuseumofpipeorgans,akindof9(tradition)instrumentinChinaandthelargestofthatkindintheworld.Themansion,along1052otherhistoricalsites,formsawholepartofGulangyu’smulticulturalheritage,andthismadeitaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitein2017.(4)ForcenturiesLondonhasbeenthecenteroftheUnitedKingdom,butitwas1(actual)anarmyoutpost(前哨)nearly2,000yearsago.There2(be)morethansixmillionLondonersatthevery3(begin)ofthe20thcentury.Itwaslucky4themthattheirhometownwouldbeethelargestandwealthiestcityontheearthinthenewcentury.However,wars5(fight)fromWorldWarⅠtoWorldWarⅡ.Luckily,thiscitysurvivedandtheircountrybecameacountryof“freedomandgloryformankind”,asWinstonChurchilloncesaid.London,thoughbadlyruined,remainedagoodchoiceforpeople6werelookingforchances.In71950s,anewwaveofimmigrants(移民)changedthefaceofthecity.Millionsofpeoplewentthereinhopeof8(find)betterjobsandhigherpay.Now,Londonisaninternationalcapitalofmerce,an9(attract)touristdestination(目的地),acenterofculture,andoneofthemostlively10(city)underthesun.(5)AjourneyenrichedwithcuisineandcultureAsreportedbyChinaTourismNews,thebinationofcultureandtourismhasinspiredseveralcitiesinChinatoexploretheircookingheritagewhiletransformingfoodtoursintoculturalexperiences.