分子生物学智慧树知到期末考试答案章节答案2024年中南大学

分子生物学智慧树知到期末考试答案+章节答案2024年中南大学T4DNAligasecanevenligateonebluntendtoanother,albeitwithratherlowerefficiency.（）

答案:对RNA酶（核酶）可以进行几种生物化学反应。（）

答案:对Interferon-γactivatesJAKkinasewhichphosphorylatesSTAT1α.STAT1αdimerizesandtranslocatestothenucleus,whereitinactivatesexpressionoftargetgenes.（）

答案:错Aninitial30StranscriptismadeinE.colibyRNApolymerasetranscribingoneofthesevenrRNAoperons.Eachcontainsonecopyofthe5S,16Sand23SrRNAcodingregions,togetherwithsometRNAsequences.（）

答案:对Thegeneintowhichthetransposoninsertsisusuallyactivated,andgenesbetweentwocopiesofatransposoncanbedeletedbyrecombinationbetweenthem.（）

答案:错RNAPolⅢtranscribes5SrRNAcomponentofthesmallribosomalsubunit,whichistheonlyrRNAsubunittobetranscribedseparately.（）

答案:错OxidativedamageforDNAoccursspontaneouslybutisincreasedbysomeexogenousagentsincludingγ-rays.（）

答案:对Indirectmutagenesisresultsfromthepresenceofastable,modifiedbasewithalteredbasepairingpropertiesintheDNA.Allthatisrequiredforthislesion(nonpermanent)tobefixedasamutation(permanentandheritable)isDNAreplication.（）

答案:错ComplementaryDNAcopies(cDNA)aresynthesizedfromthemRNAbyreversetranscriptionandaretheninsertedintoavectortoformacDNAlibrary.（）

答案:对Inthenucleolusofeukaryotes,RNApolymeraseI(RNAPolI)transcribestherRNAgenes,whichusuallyexistintandemrepeats,toyieldalong,singlepre-rRNAwhichcontainsonecopyeachofthe18S,5.8Sand28Ssequences.（）

答案:对LongDNAmoleculescaneasilybedamagedbyshearingforcesorsonication,withaconcomitantreductioninviscosity.（）

答案:对Genomiclibrariesmaybeanefficientmethodofisolatingagene,particularlyfromlargeeukaryoticgenomes,wheremuchoftheDNAisnoncoding.（）

答案:错NoprimerisneededforRNAsynthesis.（）

答案:对GlucoseincreasestheleveloftheregulatorynucleotidecAMPinthecell.（）

答案:错Steroidhormonescanenterthecellandbindtoasteroidhormonereceptor.（）

答案:对WhicharethegeneralcharacteristicsofPCRprimers?（）

答案:nointernalsecondarystructure;18-30ntlong;40-60%G/C;abalanceddistributionofG/CandA/TdomainsWhatarethecharacteristicsoflabel-freemethodcomparedtoisotope-labelingmethodinproteinquantification.（）

答案:Eachsampleistestedseparatelyonthemachine;Noisotopelabelingrequired,lowcost;Lowproteinrequirement;NotlimitedbythenumberofsamplesDispersedrepetitiveDNAisrefertomost（）DNA.

答案:moderatelyrepetitiveTheyarecorehistonesexcept:（）

答案:H1HomologousrecombinationisalsoimportantforDNArepair.Thismechanismhasalsobeencalled（

）。

答案:post-replicationrepairCyclobutanepyrimidinedimerscanbemonomerizedagainbyDNAphotolyasesinthepresenceof_____.（）

答案:VisiblelightSatelliteDNAisreferto____DNAineukaryoticgenomesconsistingofveryshortsequencesfrom2bpto20-30bpinlength,intandemarraysofmanythousandsofcopies.（）

答案:highlyrepetitivePyrosequencingisamethodofDNAsequencingbasedonthe"sequencingbysynthesis"principle.ItdiffersfromSangersequencing,relyingonthedetectionof____releaseonnucleotideincorporation,ratherthanchainterminationwithdideoxynucleotides.（）

答案:pyrophosphateThenucleosomesarewoundintoleft-handedhelix,formasolenoid,witharound（

）nucleosomesperturn.

答案:6RNAissusceptibletohydrolysisathighpH,byparticipationofthe_____-OHgroupofriboseinintramolecularcleavageofthephosphodiesterbackbone.（）

答案:2’PureRNAhasanA260/A280of_____.（）

答案:2.0Theresearchobjectoftranscriptomedoesnotinclude______.（）

答案:DNAStrand-specificRNAprobesaregeneratedbyinvitrotranscriptionusing_____suchasSP6,T7orT3phagepolymerases.（）

答案:RNApolymerasesIneukaryoticchromosomes,morethan（

）ofthemassofchromatinisprotein.

答案:50%IntheE.coli,whenreplicationiscompleted,twodaughtercirclesremaininterlinked,andtheycanbeunlinkedby_____,atypeⅡDNAtopoisomerase.（）

答案:topoisomeraseⅣIntheE.coli,bothleadingandlaggingstrandprimersareelongatedby（

）holoenzyme.

答案:DNApolymeraseⅢIneukaryoticcell,thelargestsubunitofRNApolymeraseIIhasa（）aminoacidrepeatattheCterminuscalledthecarboxy-terminaldomain(CTD).

答案:seven5’-Endlabelingisperformedusing_______toaddaradioactivephosphatetonucleicacidswithafree5’-hydroxylgroup,whichcanbecreatedbydephosphorylationusingalkalinephosphatase.（）

答案:polynucleotidekinaseApromoterisa______.（）

答案:bindingsiteforRNApolymeraseThetipsofthechromosomesarethe____.（）

答案:telomeresDNAphotolyaseshaveprostheticgroupswhichabsorb____andtransfertheenergytothecyclobutaneringwhichisthencleaved.（）

答案:bluelightThehighaccuracyofDNAreplicationdependson:（）

答案:Alloftheabove.PuredsDNAhasanA260/A280of_____.（）

答案:1.8Aswellasthe‘standard’DNAhelixdiscoveredbyWatsonandCrick,knownasthe_____-form,andbelievedtobethepredominantstructureofDNAinvivo.（）

答案:BSomegenescontainterminatorsequenceswhichrequireanadditionalproteinfactor,__,forefficienttranscriptiontermination.（）

答案:ρInthetranscription,______mayalsobecalledthetemplatestrand.（）

答案:antisensestrandTheketotautomerofthe____analog5-bromouracil(5-BU)base-pairswithadenineasexpected,butthefrequentlyoccurringenolformpairswithguanine.（）

答案:thymine5`-CG-3`sequenceinmammalianDNAarenormallymethylatedonthe（

）.

答案:CThetrpoperonencodes（

）structuralgenesinvolvedintryptophanbiosynthesis.

答案:five5’Cappingistheadditionofa_____-methylguanosinenucleotidetothe5’-endofanRNAPolIItranscriptwhenitisabout25-ntlong.（）

答案:7_____restrictionenzymescutDNAattherecognitionsiteandforthisreasonaremostoftenusedinscientificexperimentation.（）

答案:Type2TheT-vectorcontainsasingledeoxythymidine(T)residueatthe3’ends.ThisTresidueonthevectorwillhybridizetothesingle___overhangonthePCRproductandincreasetheefficiencyofligation.（）

答案:A（

）isnotabiologicalpart.

答案:BiologicalsystemTheresearchobjectoftranscriptomedoesnotinclude（）.

答案:DNAApplicationsofproteomicsinclude

（）.

答案:Alloftheabove细胞中信使核糖核酸和蛋白质的水平呈线性相关，它们的表达在不同的时间和空间发生动态变化。（）

答案:错Whichisnottheengineeringcharacteristicofsyntheticbiology.（）

答案:SystematizationThesequenceofthePCRstepsis（）。

答案:Denaturation→Annealing→ExtensionInSouthernblotting,thewashingstepshouldbecarriedoutat（）℃belowTmoftheprobeandtargetsequences.

答案:12Gelretardationshowstheactualregionofsequencewithwhichtheproteininteracts。（）

答案:错Sangerchain-terminationmethodofDNAsequencinguses（）toterminateenzymicallysynthesizedcopiesofatemplate.

答案:ddNTPs5’-Endlabelingisperformedusing（）toaddaradioactivephosphatetonucleicacidswithafree5’-hydroxylgroup,whichcanbecreatedbydephosphorylationusingalkalinephosphatase.

答案:polynucleotidekinase（

）restrictionenzymescutDNAattherecognitionsiteandforthisreasonaremostoftenusedinscientificexperimentation.

答案:Type2TheE.colicellscanbemadecompetenttotakeupplasmidDNAbytreatmentwith（）

答案:Ca2+Treatmentofthelinearvectormoleculewith（

）willremovethe5’-phosphatesandrenderthevectorunabletoligateintoacirclewithoutaninsertedtarget,soreducingtheproportionofrecreatedvectorinthemixture.

答案:alkalinephosphataseSinceplasmidsare（

）E.colichromosomalDNA,theycanbeseparatedfromthelatterbyphysico-chemicalmethods,suchasalkalinelysis.

答案:smallerthan（

）isthesimpletransferofaclonedfragmentofDNAfromonevectortoanother.

答案:SubcloningInthenucleolusofeukaryotes,RNApolymeraseI(RNAPolI)transcribestherRNAgenes,whichusuallyexistintandemrepeats,toyieldalong,singlepre-rRNAwhichcontainsonecopyeachofthe18S,5.8Sand28Ssequences

答案:对许多真核生物前tRNA是由内含子以及额外的5'-和3'-核苷酸合成的，所有这些都在加工过程中被去除。（）

答案:对SeveralbiochemicalreactionscanbecarriedoutbyRNAenzymes(ribozymes).（）

答案:对ProcessingofeukaryotichnRNAinvolvesseveralevents（）

答案:5’-capping;splicing;3’-cleavageandpolyadenylation;methylationThissplicingreactionoccursinthenucleusandrequirestheintrontohave:（）

答案:abranchpointsequence;anAG-3’;a5’-GUWhichoneofthefollowingisaDNA-bindingdomainofeukaryotictranscriptionfactor?（）

答案:Zincfingerdomain（

）isNOTaDNA-bindingdomainofeukaryotictranscriptionfactor。

答案:Glutamine-richdomainWhichoneofthefollowingisadimerizationdomainofeukaryotictranscriptionfactor?（）

答案:LeucinezipperSP1contains（

）zincfingermotifsandtwoglutamine-richtransactivationdomains.

答案:threeWhichoneofthefollowingisatranscriptionactivationdomainofeukaryotictranscriptionfactor?（）

答案:Glutamine-richdomainIneukaryoticcell,thelargestsubunitofRNApolymeraseIIhasa_____aminoacidrepeatattheCterminuscalledthecarboxy-terminaldomain(CTD).（）

答案:seven（）bindstoTATAbox.ItisamultiproteincomplexofTBPandTAFⅡs(TBP-associatedfactors).

答案:TFⅡDIneukaryoticcell,（）islocatedinthenucleoplasm.Itisresponsibleforthesynthesisoftheprecursorsof5SrRNA,tRNAsandothersmallnuclearandcytosolicRNAs.

答案:RNApolymeraseIIIRNAPolⅢtranscribes5SrRNAcomponentofthesmallribosomalsubunit,whichistheonlyrRNAsubunittobetranscribedseparately.

答案:错SomeRNAPolIIpromotershaveneitheraTATAboxnoraninitiatorelement.Thesegenesaregenerallytranscribedathighrates,andinitiationoftranscriptionmayoccuratdifferentstartsitesoveralengthofupto200bp.

答案:错Thelactose(lac)operonconsistsof（

）structuralgenes.

答案:threeThetrpoperonencodes_____structuralgenesinvolvedintryptophanbiosynthesis.（）

答案:fiveThetrprepressorisadimerwhichinteractswiththetrpoperatoronlywhenitiscomplexedwith________.（）

答案:tryptophanTheleadersequenceofthetrpoperonRNAcontainsfourregionsofcomplementarysequencewhichcanformdifferentbase-pairedRNAstructures.Thesearetermedsequences1,2,3and4.Theattenuatorhairpinistheproductofthebasepairingof______.（）

答案:sequences3and4Thelacrepressorismadeupof（

）identicalproteinsubunits..

答案:fourFollowingsuccessfultranscriptioninitiation,the（

）subunitofE.coliRNApolymeraseisreleasedtoformaternarycomplex(threecomponents)ofpolymerase-DNA-nascentRNA,whichisresponsibleforRNAchainelongation.

答案:σ判断：Inprokaryotes,transcriptionandtranslationaredynamicallycoupled,asthelatterstartsbeforetheformeriscomplete.（）

答案:对判断：NoprimerisneededforRNAsynthesis.（）

答案:对Inthetranscription,（

）mayalsobecalledthetemplatestrand.

答案:antisensestrandSomegenescontainterminatorsequenceswhichrequireanadditionalproteinfactor,（

）,forefficienttranscriptiontermination.

答案:ρ______oftheDNAafterreplicationallowsthedaughterstrandtobedistinguishedfromtheparentalstrand.（）

答案:HemimethylationWhat'stheChinesefornonsensemutations?（）

答案:无义突变判断：Thegeneintowhichthetransposoninsertsisusuallyactivated,andgenesbetweentwocopiesofatransposoncanbedeletedbyrecombinationbetweenthem.（）

答案:错ThemostimportantformcausingDNAdamageis（

）whichproducespyrimidinedimersfromadjacentpyrimidinebases.

答案:UVlightHomologousrecombinationisalsoimportantforDNArepa