常用医学英语词根一

颜色及与颜色有关的前缀颜色通用名前缀例如色colorchrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer红rederythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer白whiteleuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira黑blackmelano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma黄yellowxantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma蓝bluecyan-/cyanocyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia紫violet/purple绿green棕brownbrownmixture/brownring橙orangeVictoriaorange/ethylorange/orangeG粉红pinkoinkfrothysputum绯红crimson青铜bronzedbronzeddiabetes注：有些病名的“蓝〞“紫〞“青〞为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-〞.与疾病和疾患有关的前〔后〕缀(1)含义前〔后〕缀形容词例如病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病态-osis-oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis增多leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis减少-penia-penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia无a-/an-atypicalanuria/agranulocytopenia小/微-letdroplet/platelet/leafletmicro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus大/巨macro-macroscopicmacronucleus/macrophage-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly复合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic与疾病和疾患有关的前〔后〕缀(2)含义前〔后〕缀例如相反dis-disease/disorder/disability困难/障碍dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎症-itisappendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis瘤/块-omalymphoma/adenoma/hematoma血症-emialeukemia/septisemia/bacteremia痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer麻痹-plegiahemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia流出-rrheadiarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea坏死-necrosis/necro-/necr-hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia结石litho-/-lithlithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes与方位有关的前缀含义通用词前缀例如上upper/superiorpi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal下lower/inferiorinfra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous前front/anterior/priorfore-/ante-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis/pre-后back/posteriorpost-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac内nner/internalin-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial外outer/externalex-/exo-extract/excretion/exocardial间betweeninter-intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse旁/副onthesideofpara-parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal周aroundperi-perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum中心centralcentri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro-反/对oppositecounter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication注：invivo/in’vaivou/活体内;invitro/invaitrou/活体外或试管内；insitu/in’saitju:/原位与外科手术有关的前〔后〕缀含义前〔后〕缀例如切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy切开-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy切〔割〕-tometracheotome/thoracotome吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy成形术-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty整〔矫〕形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography经…trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral注：ortho-也是“正〞“原〞与化学品有关的前〔后〕缀含义前〔后〕缀例如酸盐atesulfate/nitrate/acetate醇-olalcohol/propanol/taxol醛-alretinal/methylal/propanal酮-oneacetone/progesterone/ketone糖glyco-glycogenolysissaccharo-saccharomyces-saccharidepolysaccharide酶-asereductase/transminase/kinase素-inpenicillin/heparin/nuclein原-genallogen/antigen/glycogen苯基/酚phen-/pheno-phenol/phenate/phenetidin氨基amino-aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrin与“作用〞有关的前〔后〕缀含义前〔后〕缀例如杀-cide/-cidalinsecticide/pesticide/bactericidal抑-stasis/-staticbacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic驱逐-fugefebrifuge/centrifuge抗-antiantibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen去/脱/除de-dehydroprednis