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Para1
Introduction
-AncienttextattributedtoAristotlediscussestheeffectsof________onhumanbehaviorandcreativity.
EffectsofBlackBile
-NegativeEffects:Caninduceparalysis,________,depression,oranxiety.
-PositiveEffects:Whenoverheated,itleadstocheerfulness,song,________,andphysicalmanifestationslikesores.
HistoricalBeliefs
-MaracustheSyracusan:Exampleofapoetwhowasbelievedtobe________whenoutofhismind.
RenaissanceandRomanticViews
-RenaissanceAesthetes:Strongbeliefinthelinkbetween________and________.
-RomanticEra:Continuedthetradition.
LiteraryExamples
-Shakespeare's"AsYouLikeIt":
-Character:Jaques,a________idler.
-Quote:"Icansuck________outofasongasaweaselsuckseggs."
ModernPerspective
-ContinuedBelief:Thenotionthatmelancholy,depression,andevenmadnesscorrelatewith________orartisticsensibilitypersists.
Para2
1.Overviewof"SaturnandMelancholy"
2.BookDetails
-Title:SaturnandMelancholy:StudiesintheHistoryofNaturalPhilosophy,Religion,andArt
-PublicationYear:________
-Theme:Exploresthehistoricalconnectionbetweenmelancholyandartover________years.
3.RecentDevelopments
-Reissue:Thebookhasbeen________afterbeinglongoutofprint.
-AdditionsintheNewestVersion:
-________materials.
-Updated________.
-Translationsofpreviously________quotations.
-Length:Over________pagesinthelatestedition.
4.ContentDescription
-Scope:Acomprehensiveexplorationofcosmological,physiological,and________aspectsofmelancholy.
-LearningandLore:Thebookisdescribedasatroveofknowledge,offeringdeepinsightsintoitssubjects.
5.UniquePerspective
-FocusonArt’sOrigin:Unlikecommoncontemporarydiscussionsabouttheutilityandpurposeofart,thisbookdelvesintothe________ofart.
Para3
1.HistoricalPerspectivesonMelancholy
2.AncientGreeceandRome:HumoralTheory
-FourHumors:Blood,phlegm,________,blackbile.
-BalanceandHealth:Healthwasseenasa________ofthesefluids.
-EffectsofBlackBile:
-Inducedgloom,________,apathy,despair,anxiety.
-Viewedasbothaburdenandamarkof________individuals.
-Remedies:
-Fantasticalandsensibletreatments(e.g.,________,music,conversation).
-NotableViews:
-Plato:Morbidfrenzyasa________gift.
-Aristotle:Linkbetweenmelancholyandeminentfiguresin________,politics,poetry,andarts.
-Heraclitus:Afflictedbymelancholy,leadingto________works.
Para4
1.ScholasticTheologiansandMedievalPerspectives
-ChristianMiddleAges:Lessindulgenceinmelancholicmoods.
-SaintHildegardofBingen:
-Attributedmelancholytothe________ofman.
-MedievalPhysicians:
-InfluencedbyAvicenna.
-Consideredmelancholysimplyadisease,dismissingitslinktoimagination.
-CaseofHugovanderGoes(1482):
-Asevereboutofdepressiontreatedwith________.
-InspiredVincentvanGoghcenturieslater.
Para5
1.IntroductionofAstrologytoMedicalDoctrine
-Origins:Astrology'steachingsshapedinantiquity.
-Development:
-EnhancedbyArabtranslatorsand_______
-Disseminatedthroughvernacularpoems,_______
,manuals,andbroadsheets.
-Revivingancientastrologicalknowledge.
2.Iatromathematicians(Astrologer-Physicians)
-Definition:Physicianswhoincorporatedastrologicalbeliefsintomedicalpractices.
-Beliefs:
-Thebodyisgovernedbythe_______.
-ClassificationofMelancholics:
-Referredtoas“childrenofKronos”orSaturn(Romanequivalent).
-Includedspeculative____andthosededicatedtostudy.
3.ChristianAstrologers'Dilemma
-ReligiousConflict:
-AsChristians,theyhadtodenythe_______ofGreco-Romandeities.
-Despitethis,theyacknowledgedandfearedthe_______ofthesecelestialentities.
4.DualInfluenceonMelancholics:
-Governedbyboththestars(astrologicalinfluence)and_______(humoraltheory).
Para6
TheInfluenceofErwinPanofsky:MelancholyintheItalianRenaissance
2.ErwinPanofsky'sContributions
-Background:
-Preeminent________historianofthe20thcentury.
-Authorofclassictextsonpremodernarttheory,________,andsymboliclanguages.
-ProvidesahistoricalperspectiveontheRenaissance’sintellectualandartisticlandscape.
3.ErwinPanofsky’sviewonRenaissanceHumanismandIntellectuals
-NewBreedofThinkers:
-Humanisticpoetsandthinkerswhowereself-awareoftheir________.
-Example:Petrarch,whoexperiencedacediaanddementiabutdidnotconnectthemasaspectsofa________disposition.
4.MarsilioFicinoandMelancholy
-IntroductiontoFicino:
-NeoplatonicphilosopherwhorevivedPlato’sconceptofdivinemadness.
-AssociationwithArtisticGenius:
-Firsttolink________withartisticgenius.
-TherapiesandAdmiration:
-Prescribed________formelancholy.
-Admiredandpossiblyexaltedthesaturninetraits.
5.IntellectualDisorderandAbility
-EstablishedConnection:
-Linkbetweenintellectualdisorderandoutstandingintellectualability.
-Panofsky’sAnalysis:
-Providesasketchoftheemergenceoftheideaofthe________ofthevitacontemplativa(contemplativelife).
-ImplicationsforGenius:
-Geniusisseenasliberatedfromthenormsofmoralityandtherulesofart,living"beyond________."
6.ReferencetoFurtherStudies
-RudolfandMargotWittkower:
-Authorsof"BornunderSaturn:TheCharacterandConductofArtists"(1963).
-Studyfocusesontheinstabilityand________ofgiftedartists.
Para7
1.Panofsky'sReadingofAlbrechtDürer'sMelencoliaI(1514)
Climaxofthebook"SaturnandMelancholy"
Extendedinterpretationoftheiconicimage
Demonstratestheintersectionofthehistoryofideasandthehistoryofart
2.MelancholyPersonified
Basicconcept:seated,lethargicwoman
-Derivesfrom15th-centuryFrenchprecedents
Dürer'sadditions
________,lendingangelicdignity
________supportedonaclenchedfist
Darkenedfacewithascowl
Unkempt________
3.SurroundingObjectsandSymbols
Toolsandobjectsassociatedwithgeometry,architecture,andtheartofbuilding
Polyhedron
________
Booktuckedinherlap
________heldabsently
Secondorderofmeaningencodedinsaturninesymbols
Dog
________
Herbal________
Magicsquareonthewall
Associatedwith________
Meantto________thesaturnineinfluence(ineffectively)
Para8
1.Panofsky'sConclusion
-ClaimedthatMelencoliaIreflectsDürer'sownspiritualandintellectualstate.
-Describedasa"________self-portrait."
2.EvidenceofDürer'sValuationofGeometry
-ArtTreatises:Dürerauthoredseveral________onarttheory.
-HighestRegard:Valuedgeometryaboveother________arts.
-PersonalWriting
-Quote:"Iwilltakemeasure,number,andweightasmy________."
3.Ficino'sInfluence
-Ficino:MarsilioFicino,aRenaissancephilosopher.
-Idea:Creativegeniusesareproneto________.
-Dürer'sFamiliarity:PanofskyarguesthatDürerknewFicino'sideas.
4.ContemporaryDescription
-DescriptionofDürer:ByalearnedcontemporaryfamiliarwithDürer.
-Term:DescribedDürerasonewhosufferedfrom"noble________."
Paragraph9:Panofsky’sInterpretation
1.-BroodingAlterEgo
-DepictedinMelencoliaI
-Hopedgeometryandtheoreticalknowledgewouldrevealnature’s________
2.-FrustrationwithMeasurement
-Measurementdoesn’ttranscendearthlyunderstanding
-Leadstocreativeparalysisandfrustrationinart
3.PuttoRepresentation
-________industryoftheputtodrawingonatablet
4.PicodellaMirandola’sInfluence
-Geometrical/mathematicalthoughtfallsshortof________/metaphysicalinsight
5.-Dürer’sRealization
-Recognizedlimitationsofobjectivemeasurement
-Beliefinnecessityof________inspiration
Paragraph10:Warburg’sInterpretation
1.-W
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