第04讲 阅读理解之说明文（练习）-2024年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（全国）（原卷版）

第04讲阅读理解之说明文（模拟精练+真题演练）（2023·江西南昌·南昌市八一中学校考模拟预测）Haveyoueverheardofexpressivewriting?Writingaboutaterribleordifficultsituationiscalled“expressivewriting”.Peoplewhodothis,recordtheirdeepestthoughtsandfeelings.DoctorPan,leaderofthisstudyofexpressivewritingasahighlyeffectivewaytodealwithpainfulexperiences,saysthesepeopleoftenshowexcellentmentalandphysicalconditionafterwards.Expressivewritingiseffectivebecauseitallowsyoutomakesenseoutofanupsettingandevenheart-breakingexperience.Asyouwrite,youarerecognizingwhatishappeningaround,andacceptingthatsomethingisbotheringyouisanimportantfirststep.Next,translatingthatexperienceintolanguageforcesyoutoorganizeyourthoughtsandgivesyouasenseofcontrol.Thinkingortalkingaboutaneventseemsuseful.However,themoreyouthinkortalkaboutit,themorelikelyyouwillfindyourselfinamess.Asaresult,yougetcompletelylostinyourownemotionsandfinallyloseself-control.Writingworksdifferentlyasitmakesyouslowdown.Theactoflabelingafeelingofputtingwordstoanemotioncanease(缓解)theneural(神经系统的)activitiesinthebrain.Whatifyoudon’tconsideryourself“awriter”?Don’tworryaboutspellingorgrammar.Takeiteasywhenyouchoosethewordsorexpressions.Onlydigintoyourinnerself.Thegoaloftheexerciseistofindmeaninginanupsettingevent.Manypeoplehavetriedthismethod.Afterhisfatherwasrushedtothehospitalbecauseofaseriousheartattack,43-year-oldAlexbegantopanic.Sohedidtheonethingthatwouldcalmhimself:hewrote.Hethinksofitasacaptain’slifebuoy(救生衣).“MyexpressivewritinggavemethecourageIneedtofacemyfearandmoveon,”Alexsays.Thereareafewwhoareagainstthisapproach.Accordingtothem,expressivewritingisn’tamagicalsolution.Peopleshouldn’tfullytrusttheeffectofexpressivewriting.Neithershouldtheythinkofusingittoreplaceothertreatments.Peoplewhoarefacedwithaseriousmentaldisastermaynotfinditusefultodoontheirown,withoutmedicine.1．What’sthefirststepofexpressivewriting?A．Towritedownwhatisbotheringyou. B．Totrainyourselfintoanexcellentwriter.C．Totalkaboutyourfeelingstoothers. D．Tothinkaboutthebadexperiencecarefully.2．WhoisAlex?A．Acaptainonaship. B．Thesonofapatientwhohasaseriousheartattack.C．Adoctorinahospital. D．Theleaderofastudyaboutexpressivewriting.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“panic”meanaccordingtothepassage?A．Complain. B．Fear. C．Doubt. D．Guard.4．Whatbenefitsdoesexpressivewritinghave?a.Ithasasenseoutofanupsettingexperience.b.It’seasytoloseyourownemotionsandself-control.c.Itforcesyoutoorganizeyourthoughtswhenwriting.d.Itgivescouragetofacefear.A．abc B．bcd C．acd D．abd5．What’sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Expressivewritingcandealwithallkindsofproblems.B．Somepeopledon’tthinkexpressivewritingasaperfectway.C．Expressivewritingcanhelpwithseriousmentaldisasters.D．Medicineisnotusefulwhensomeonehasamentaldisaster.（2023·安徽宣城·安徽省宣城市第三中学校考模拟预测）TheHSTwassentintospaceonApril24th,1990.Here,HSTstandsforHubbleSpaceTelescope.ThistelescopewasnamedafterthefamousAmericanscientistEdwinHubble.TheHubbleSpaceTelescopeisasheavyas11tonsandis43feetlong.Thepowerforthetelescopeisprovidedbyafewsolarpanels(太阳能板).TheHubbleSpaceTelescopeisthefirstlarge,space-basedoptical(光学的)telescopeoftheworld.Ittakespicturesbyusingmirrors.TheHST’stravelingspeedisabout5milespersecond.Thistelescopeisabout353milesabovetheEarth.Tillnow,theHubbleSpaceTelescopehastakenmorethan1.2millionpictures,includingpicturesofblackholesandplanets.Thistelescopedoesnottraveltostarsorplanets.Itonlytakestheirpictures.TheHubbleSpaceTelescopeisdifferentfromothertelescopesonEarthbecauseitflieshighabovetheEarth.IthasabetterviewofthingsinspacethantelescopesontheEarth.Thecamerasplacedinthistelescopecanseemanydifferentlights.Thesecamerastakeonlyblackandwhitepictures.Scientistsadddifferentcolorstothosepictureslater.Aftertakingpicturesofdifferentthings,itusesradiowavestosendthemthroughtheairbacktotheEarth.Eachmonth,thistelescopesendsbackmanypictures.TheHubbleSpaceTelescopecanseethingsthatarefarawaybutitcannotseeafewnearbythingsliketheSun.6．HowdidtheHSTgetitspower?A．Fromthemoon. B．FromtheEarth. C．Fromthestar. D．FromtheSun.7．WhatcanwelearnabouttheHST?A．Ittakes1.2millionpictureseveryyear. B．Ittravelstostarstotakepictures.C．Itusesmirrorstotakepictures. D．Itmainlytakespicturesofblackholes.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?A．Thetelescope. B．Thepicture. C．Thecamera. D．Thelight.（2023·浙江·模拟预测）Dinnercustomsaredifferentaroundtheworld.IfyouareadinnerguestinGhana,thisinformationwillhelpyou.InGhanadinnerisusuallyfromfourintheafternoontosixintheevening.ButtherearenostrictrulesabouttimeinGhana.Wheneveraguestarrives,afamilyoffersfood.Whenyougotoahome,thehosttakesyoutothelivingroomfirst.Atthistimeeveryonewelcomesyou.Thenyougotothedining-room.Thereyouwashyourhandsinabowlofwater.Allthefoodisonthetable.InGhanayouusuallyeatwithyourfingers.Youeatfromthesamedishaseveryoneelse.Butyoueatfromonesideofthedishonly.Itisnotpolitetogetfoodfromtheothersideofthedish.Afterdinner,youwashyourhandsagaininabowlofwater.MostmealsinGhanahaveadishcalledfufu.PeopleinGhanamakefufufromthepowderofsomeplants.Sometimestheycutthefufuwithasawbecauseitisveryhardandlikerubber.Youmustchewfufuwell,oryoucangetsick.Youeatfufuwiththefingersofyourrighthandonly.9．Inthefourthparagraph,thewriterwantstotellus________.A．whattoeatinGhana B．howmuchtimetospendonadinnerC．thewayofeating D．differentfoodatadinner10．IfyouaredinnerguesttoafamilyinGhana,you’refirst________.A．toldsomestrictrulesaboutdinner B．takentothedining-roomC．takentothelivingroom D．toldtowashyourhands11．Theword“chew”inthelastparagraphmeans________.A．smell B．tasteC．presswithyourhands D．crushwithyourteeth12．Atadinneryoueatfoodfrom________.A．thetopofadish B．theothersideofthedishC．thedishonlyforyou D．justonesideofadish13．InGhana,________.A．dinnerisalwaysatsix B．rulesfordinnertimearenotstrictC．afamilyoffersfoodonlyatfour D．youdon’thavetowashyourhandsagainafterdinner（2023·浙江·模拟预测）Moreandmorepeoplearespeakingtotheircomputersormobiledevicestosearchforthingsonlineorontheirharddrives.Voicerecognitiontechnology,likeGoogle’sVoiceSearchorApple’sSiri,meansourtechnologyisbeginningtounderstandwhatwearesaying.ThetechnologyresearchcompanyNorthstarrecentlyconductedGoogle’sMobileVoiceStudyandfoundthatvoicesearchesonmobiledeviceshavemorethandoubledinthepastyear.

Northstarsaidthatvoicesearchisalotmorepopularamongteenagersthanadults.Researchersinterviewed1,400Americans.Theyfoundthat55percentofteensusevoicesearchatleastonceaday,comparedwith41percentofadults.Google’sVicePresidentforConversationalSearchexplainedhowimportantvoicesearchisbecoming.Hesaid,“VoicesearchisakeyfeatureoftheGoogleappthat’sbecomingevermoreimportantaspeoplespendmoretimeontheirmobilephones.”Theresearchfoundthatmanyteenagersthoughtvoicesearchwasanormalpartoftechnology,whereasadultssaiditmadethemfeel“techsavvy”.Bothteensandadultsusedvoicesearchtomulti-taskwhilewatchingTVorcooking.Researcherssaidpeopleusedvoicesearchfordifferentpurposes.

Oneimportantuseforteenswastostudy.Almostone-thirdofthe13-18-year-oldssurveyedsaidtheyasktheirphonesforanswerstotheirhomework.14．Whydomoreandmorepeoplespeaktotheircomputersormobiledevices?A．Becausetheyliketoshowoff.B．Becausetheywanttosearchforthingsonlineorontheirharddrives.C．Becausethisistheonlywaytolookforinformation.D．Becausetheyarebusywithothersmatters.15．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“techsavvy”inparagraphtwomean?A．Havingagoodknowledgeoftechnology.B．Caringabouttechnology.C．Improvingtechnology.D．Makingfulluseoftechnology.16．Whendoteensandadultsusevoicesearchtomulti-task?A．Whentheyread. B．Whentheycook.C．Whentheydohomework. D．Whentheybecometired.17．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutvoicesearch?A．Itismorepopularamongadultsthanteenagers.B．Teensuseittoplaygames.C．Itistheachievementofthedevelopmentoftechnology.D．Itsuggeststhatpeopleliketalkingmorethantheyliketyping.18．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Importanceofcomputersandmobilephones.B．Differentpurposesofusingvoicesearch.C．Opinionsontherightuseofvoicesearch.D．Popularityofvoicesearchamongpeople.（2023·重庆渝中·重庆巴蜀中学校考模拟预测）Doyouhavegoodfriends?Doyousometimesfeelsoclosetothemthattheyarelikefamilytoyou?Itturnsoutthatthisisn’tjustanexpression.Astudyhasfoundthatyouandyourfriendshavemoregenes（基因）incommonthanstrangersdo.Researcherslookedatthegenesof1,932peopleandcomparedtheminpairsofunrelatedfriendsandstrangers.Theyfoundthatfriendshave1%ofgenesthatmatch.1%ofgenesmaynotsoundlikemuchtous,buttogeneticistsitisalargernumber.Infact,thisisthesameamountofgenesyousharewithyourfourthcousins.Sodoyouhappentobecomefriendswithpeoplewhoshareyourgenes?Notatall.Infact,itisevolution（进化）thatbringsyoutogether.Peoplewhosharecertaingenesalsoshareskillsandhavesimilarlikesanddislikes.Inancienttimes,itwasimportantthatpeoplewhowerealikestayedtogether.Forexample,peoplewhohadasimilarsusceptibility（易感性）,givingthemabetterchancetostayalive.Amongallthegenesstudied,thoseproducingachangeinsenseofsmellwerethemostsimilarinfriends.Thisisprobablybecausepeoplewhosmellthingsinthesamewayaremoreeasilydrawntosimilarenvironments.Forexample,peoplewholikethesmellofcoffeemayhangoutatcafesmoreoftenandasaresultaremorelikelytomeetandbecomefriendswitheachother.Withthesefindings,researchershavedevelopedaninterestingtestcalledthe“friendshipscore”.Itcanhelptellhowlikelytwopeoplewillbefriendsbystudyingtheirgenes.So,hereisaquestionforyou:wouldyouliketotakethistestandknowinadvance（提前）whoyourfriendsaregoingtobe.19．Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Itturnsoutthatthisisn’tjustanexpression”?A．Friendslooklikeourcousin.B．Friendsshare1%ofgeneswithus.C．Friendsfeelclosetoourfamily.D．Friendscanhelpuswhenwefeelcold.20．ThewritertakestheexampleofancientpeopleinParagraph5to________.A．studyhowancientpeopledealtwiththecoldB．predictthatsimilarenvironmentsleadtofriendshipC．provethatitisevolutionthatbringsfriendstogetherD．explainwhyancientpeoplegaveeachotherchancetokeepalive21．Accordingtothispassage,whatistherightrelationship?A．Evolvesameskillsandhobbies→SameGenes→BecomefriendsB．SameGenes→Evolvesameskillsandhobbies→BecomefriendsC．SameGenes→Becomefriends→EvolvesameskillsandhobbiesD．Becomefriends→Evolvesameskillsandhobbies→SameGenes22．Youdecidetousethe“friendshipscore”describedinthearticletomakeanAppbasedonthepurposeofthescore.What’sthebestnameforyournewApp?A．HelloGene! B．GeneTest C．GreenFinder D．GeneFriends（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第十六中学校联考模拟预测）Formiddleandprimaryschoolstudents,beingabletocookhasbecomeamust.Theywillalsoneedtolearnhowtoplantvegetables,raisepoultry(家禽)andmendhomeappliances(家电)undernewrequirementsforlaboreducation.TheMinistryofEducation(MOE)broughtoutanewstandardforlaboreducationinschoolslastyear.Startingfromthe2022fallsemester,studentsinprimaryandmiddleschoolshavetotakecoursesonlaborskillsatleastonceaweek.Laboreducationhelpsstudentsvaluehardwork.Itincludesthingslikehouseholdchores(家务),on-campuslaborandcommunityvolunteerservices.Thenewstandardsincludethreetypesoflabortasks.Thefirstisforthingslikeeverydaychores,includingcleaning,organizing,cooking,andusingandmaintaininghomeappliances.Nextisproductivelabor,includingagriculture,makingtraditionalhandicrafts,andapplyingnewtechnologiessuchas3Dprintingandlasercutting(激光切割).Thethirdtypeisservicework,whichincludesvolunteerwork.SchoolsinChinahavetraditionallyplacedmorefocusonstudyingandmanyhaveseenhouseholdchoresasawasteofchildren’stime.ButaccordingtotheMOE,laboreducationmustbebuiltuptohelpstudentscultivate(培养)socialvaluesanddevelopaninterestinlabor.Online,peoplehavebeenbusydiscussingthenewstandardsonsocialmedia.LiuFang,amotherof6-year-oldtwinsinBeijing,stronglysupportslaboreducation.Forthepastyear,shehastrainedherdaughterstodohouseholdchoresandmakesimpledishesforthefamily.“Themainideaistoletthemshareresponsibilityasfamilymembersandbecomeindependentasearlyastheycan,”saidLiu.“Throughdoinghousework,theirhand-eyecoordination(协调),timemanagementandorganizationskillscanbetrainedandit’salsogoodtohelpthemrelax.”Throughsucheducation,Liusaidhertwinshavefoundfunindoingchoresandaremoreindependent.23．Whoshouldtakepartinthelaborcourseaccordingtothenewstandardforlaboreducationinschools?A．studentsover20yearsold B．studentsinjuniorhighschoolC．parents D．teachersandstudents24．Whatcanstudentslearnthroughlaboreducation?a.Howtoplantvegetables.b.Howtoraisechickensorducks.cHowtobemorefocusedinclass.d.Howtofixcomputersorfridges.A．abc B．abd C．bcd D．acd25．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Whystudentsshouldreceivelaboreducation.B．WhatlaboreducationwaslikeinChinainthepast.C．Thetypesoflaboreducationincludedinthenewstandard.D．Howstudentsfindabalancebetweentheirstudyandlabortasks.26．WhatdoesLiuFangthinkoflaboreducation?A．It’stoosimpleforstudents.B．Itisn’tfunenoughforstudentsC．Ittakesuptoomuchofstudents’freetime.D．Ithelpsstudentsdevelopdifferentskills.27．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Newcoursesforprimaryschoolstudents.B．Laboreducationforprimaryandmiddleschoolstudents.C．Waystocultivatestudents’socialvalues.D．Newtechnologiesusedinprimaryandmiddleschools.（2023·甘肃平凉·校考模拟预测）Ifyoudon’tuseyourarmsoryourlegsforsometime,theywillbecomeweak;whenyoustartusingthemagain,theywillgradually(逐渐地)becomestrongeragain.Everybodyknowsthis.Yetmanypeopledon’tseemtoknowthatitisthesameasourmemory.Ifafriendsaysthathisarmsandlegsareweak,weknowthatitishisownfault.Butifhetellsusthathehasapoormemory,manyofusthinkthathisparentsaretoblame(责怪),andfewofusknowthatitisjusthisownfault.Haveyoueverfoundthatsomepeoplecan’treadorwritebuttheyusuallyhavebettermemories?Thisisbecausetheycan’treadorwriteandtheyhavetorememberthings;theycan’twritethemdowninalittlenotebook.Theymustrememberdates,names,songsandstories;sotheirmemoriesarebeingexercisedthewholetime.Soifyouwantagoodmemory,learnfromthesepeople:practiceremembering.28．Ifyoudon’tuseyourarmsorlegsforsometime,theywill________.A．becomestrong B．break C．becomeweak D．hurt29．Whatdoestheword“fault”meaninthesecondparagraph?A．困难 B．过错 C．粗心 D．聪明30．Whatdomanypeoplethinkofthepersonwithapoormemory?A．Hisparentsaretoblame. B．Heisn’tclever.C．Heisfoolish. D．Hisparentsareveryclever.31．Somepeoplecan’treadorwrite,buttheyusuallyhavebettermemoriesbecause________.A．theyarestrong B．theyoftenpracticerememberingthingsC．theyhavestrongarmsandlegs D．theirparentsaregood32．Whatdoesthepassagemainly(主要)talkabout?A．Armsandlegs B．Exercise C．Behavior D．Memory（2023·广东东莞·统考三模）XinjiangliesinthenorthwestpartofChina.ItsmanycitiesarepopularplacesfortouristsuchasTurpan,Kashi,AksuandtheprovincialcapitalcityUrumqi.AsXinjiangisaprovincewithquitealotofminoritygroups(少数民族),therearesomelocaltraditionalfestivalsthatwemightnotquiteknowof.GrapeFestivalisonetraditionalfestivalinTurpan.Itisthehometownofgrapes.Thisworld-knowncitywelcomesthelocalpeopleaswellasinternationalfriendstocelebratethefestivaltogether.ThisfestivalisnotjustacelebrationofTurpan’smostimportantagriculturalproduct,butagoodchancetoenjoythelocalwayoflife.DuringtheyearlyTurpanGrapeFestival,weddingpartiesintheUygurminoritystyleandtraditionalsinginganddancingactivitiesareheld.Thetradefairsarealsoincluded.Besides,travelersmayvisitthegrape,melon,andfruitstreets.TurpanGrapeFestivalisaspecialeventtocommemoratetheancientSilkRoadsothatpeoplewillnotforgetaboutthisroad.Theroadplayedanimportantroleinconnectingthecommunicationoftradeandculturesbetweentheeastandthewest.Turpanisfamousasanimportantpointoftheroad.33．WhichofthefollowingistheprovincialcapitalcityofXinjiang?A．Aksu. B．Turpan. C．Kashi. D．Urumqi.34．Whatistheunderlinedword“It”inParagraphTworeferto?A．GrapeFestival. B．Grape.C．Turpan. D．SilkRoad.35．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．XinjiangisapopulartouristplaceinthenortheastpartofChina.B．Xinjiangdoesn’thavemanypeoplefromtheminoritygroups.C．GrapeFestivalinTurpanisagoodwaytoenjoythelocalwayoflife.D．Intheoldtimes,UrumqiwasthestartingpointoftheancientSilkRoad36．Theunderlinedword“commemorate”probablymeans“________”.A．remember B．forget C．introduce D．continue37．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．IttellsuswhichpartXinjiangisin.B．ItintroducesGrapeFestivalinTurpan.C．IttellsustheimportanceofSilkRoad.D．IttellsussometraditionalfestivalsinXinjiang.（2023·广西梧州·统考一模）Chinaisabigcountryoffoodanditsfoodcultureiswell-knownintheworld.FromancientChinatomodernChina,foodrecipes(食谱)havebeendevelopedallthetime,andsomerecipesarenotonlypopularinChina,butalsoallovertheworld.Ricenoodlescookedwithriversnails(螺蛳粉),akindofpopularstreetfoodofLiuzhouinGuangxi,arebecomingapopularsnackathomeandabroad.KnownasLuosifeninChinese,thedishisusuallysoldfromroadsidestands(路边摊)innightmarketsinGuangxi.ThedishwaslistedaspartofLiuzhou’sintangibleculturalheritage(非物质文化遗产)in2008andbecamepopularafterbeingintroducedinthefoodshowABiteofChinain2012.Sincethen,Luosifenrestaurantshavedevelopedquicklyacrossthecountry.It’ssaidthat28.4millionpackets(包)ofLuosifenweresoldonTaobaolastyear,becomingthemostpopularsnackontheonlinemarketplace.AccordingtothecommerceofficeinLiuzhou,thevalueofprepackagedLuosifenreachedabout5billionyuaninthefirsthalfoftheyear.Itwasalsooneofthebest-sellingfoodsduringtheCOVID-19inChina.Expertssaidthatatotalofaround7.5millionyuan’s(about$1.1million)worthofLuosifenwasexportedfromLiuzhoufromJanuarytoJunein2020,eighttimesthetotalexportvaluein2019.Inadditiontothetraditionalexportmarkets,includingtheUS,Australia,France,thedeliciousdishhasalsobeendeliveredtonewmarketssuchasSingaporeandNewZealand.OnJuly14,2020,over14,000packetsofLuosifenproducedbyGuangxiLuobawangFoodCo.,Ltd.(有限公司)wereexportedtoRussia.根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。38．Wherearericenoodlescookedwithriversnailsusuallysold?A．Ontheroadsidestands. B．Inthesupermarket. C．Inthebigrestaurants.39．Luosifenrestaurantshavedevelopedquicklyalloverthecountrysince________.A．theyear2008 B．theyear2012 C．theyear201940．What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“export”inChinese?A．进口 B．扩充 C．出口41．Whichofthefollowingmarketsisnewforricenoodlescookedwithriversnails?A．America. B．Australia. C．Singapore.42．Whatdoesthisarticlemainlytalkabout?A．Food. B．Education. C．Sport.（2023·河北唐山·统考二模）Haveyoueverbeeninaclasswhenallthestudentsarekeptinatlunchtimejustbecausetwoorthreestudentswon’tstoptalking?Theteachergetsirateandsuddenlyeveryoneisintroubleinsteadofjustthestudentswhocausedtheproblem.Thisiscalled“collective(集体的)punishment”andmanystudentsinAustraliawantitstoppedinschools.Somesaythatcollectivepunishmentteachesyoungpeoplethattheirbehaviorhasaneffectonotherpeople.Asmostofuswanttobelikedand“fitin”(顺应),allstudentsthenfeelthattheyhavetobehavewell.Otherssaythatthistypeofpunishmentcausesstudentstofeelangrywiththestudentswhoarenotbehavingwell.Itdestroystrustandgoodrelationshipsbetweenclassmates.Butcollectivepunishmentcanharmstudentswhowanttodotherightthing.Teachersatmyschoolsaythatsomestudentsbecometoodisappointedtocometoschool.Theyareunhappybecausetheirclassgetsclassdetention(课后留校)mostdaysandisknownasthe“badgroup”.Aparentatthissameschoolbelievesthatthistypeofpunishmentisusefulbecauseithelpsteacherstoknowwhichstudentsarenotbehavingwell.Shethinksthatwhenaclassknowstheymaybegivenadetention,thestudentswhoweredoingthewrongthingwillownup(承认).Ourschool’spsychologist(心理学家),MiriamKoch,saysthatstudentswhohavelearningdifficultiesandkeepmakingtroubleinclassroomsoftenhavepoorsocialskills.Heropinionisthatcollectivepunishmentcankeepthesestudentsawayfromtheirclassmates.Shebelievesthatitisbestforteacherstousegrouprewards(奖励)andclearrulesforstudentsbehaviortohelpdevelopteamwork.43．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“irate”mean?A．Silent. B．Angry. C．Lost. D．Worried.44．Inwhatwayiscollectivepunishmentgood?A．Itgetsstudentstoworkharder. B．Itbringsstudentsheartscloser.C．Ithelpskeeporderintheclassroom. D．Ithelpsformgoodteacher-studentrelationships.45．Howcancollectivepunishmentharmstudentswhowanttodotherightthing?A．Theyfeelunloved. B．Theycopybadbehavior.C．Theyhatetogotoschool. D．Theyavoidseeingpeople46．Whydoestheparentfindcollectivepunishmentuseful?A．Ithelpsteacherstofindtroublemakers.B．Itmakesstudentstellononeanother.C．Itallowsstudentstoknowoneanotherbetter.D．Itgetsteacherstohelpbadly-behavedstudents.47．WhatdoesMiriamKochthinkoftroublemakersinaclassroom?A．Theywanttogetrewards. B．Theyhavegoodsocialskills.C．Theyarenotclearaboutrules. D．Theymaygetworseaftercollectivepunishment.（2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）Doyouhavesocialjetlag?Oursleepchangesthroughourlivesinmanydifferentways.Whenitcomestothehoursofsleepthatweneed,theyseemstobecomelessaswegetolder.Eventhoughitmayseemthatteenagersneedalotofsleep,14-year-oldto17-year-oldtypicallyneedaround8to10hourspernight,whichisn’ttoodissimilartoadults7to9hourspernight.Thetimingofoursleepchangesasweage.Duringadolescence（青春期）,sleeptimingbecomeslater.Interestingly,thischangeinsleeptiminghappensinadolescentsaroundtheworldandisevenfoundinothermammals（哺乳动物）.Becausesocietyischangingandyoungpeopleoftenhavetoliveoutoftheirnaturalwaysbecausetheyhavetogetupearlytogotoschoolintheweek.Iftheyareunabletofallasleepearly,thiscanmeantheymaynotsleepenough.Whentheweekendarrives,theyhavemorecontrolovertheirschedule（日程安排）,so★.Theymaytryto“catchup”onsleeplossduringtheschoolweek.Thisshiftinsleeptiminghasbeencalled“socialjetlag”,asachangeinschedulecanleadtojetlagsymptoms（症状）.Socialjetlaghasbeenconnectedwithfactorsincludingfatnessandunhappiness.Itissometimessuggestedthataweekendlie-in（睡懒觉）isfine,butthatproperwaketimeshouldbewithintwohoursofthatduringtheweekday,tomakepeoplebecomewellfromnoenoughsleep,whilestoppingsocialjetlagfrombecomingworse.48．Whatdoweknowaboutthehoursofsleep?________A．Mostteenagersneedlesssleepthanadults.B．Weneedmoresleepaswegrowolder.C．Thehoursofsleepchangethroughourlivesinalmostthesameway.D．Therearesmalldifferencesinthehoursofsleepadultsandchildrenneed.49．Whichofthefollowingcanbeputin★?________A．theygetupearlier.B．theystayuplateandplaygames.C．theyfallasleepearlierandwakeuplater.D．theytalkabouttheirschoolliveswiththeirparents.50．Whichofthefollowingmaybestdescribe“socialjetlag”?________A．Achangeinsleeptiming.B．Asymptomofunhappiness.C．Afeelingaboutsleeploss.D．Anactionofaweekendlie-in.51．Accordingtothepassage,tostopsocialjetlagfrombecomingworse,wecan________.A．wakeupat7:30ontheweekdayandwakeupat9:00ontheweekendB．wakeuptwohoursearlieronweekendsthanthewaketimeonweekdaysC．takeanapoftenandwakeupatthesametimeontheweekendD．haveaweekendlie-inallthemorningandnotwakeuptillnoon52．Thewriter’swritingpurposeisto________.A．tellpeoplesomethingabout“socialjetlag”B．advisepeopletogotobedearlyandgetupearlyC．showhissurpriseaboutthechangeinpeople’slivesD．showthesocietyisdeveloping（2023·湖南娄底·统考二模）Nobodywantstolose,butwemustacceptthatlosingisapartoflife.Afterall,wecan’twinallthetime.However,wecanlearnsomethingvaluablefromeveryfailure(失败).Thismayhelpussucceedinthefuture.Sowemustknowhowtobeagoodloser.Wemustn’tbeafraidoflosing.Whenwelose,justtakeitwithasmileandlookonthebrightsideofit.Failurecan’tbeavoidedinourlife.Edisonfailed10,000timesbeforeheinventedthelightbulb(灯泡).Whenhewasaskedhowhefelt,hesaidthathehadn’tfailed10,000timesbuthadlearned10,000thingswhichdidn’twork.Wemustknowthathistoryisfullofexamplesofmenandwomenwhoachievedsuccessalthoughtheyfailedmanytimes.Losingisnotverydisgraceful.Wemustacceptourfailureandlearntotakeadvantageofit.Rememberthatitcanbehelpful.