第05讲 被动语态（讲义）-2024年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（全国）（原卷版）

►第04讲被动语态（讲义）【复习目标】1.被动语态的句型；2.被动语态的各种时态形式；3.被动语态的用法；4.主动语态变被动语态；5.主动形式表示被动意义。【考情分析】语态问题是中考高频考点，考生在备考时应注意熟练掌握各种时态下的被动语态所表示的意义、其结构和相关的时间状语。解答此类题时，可根据具体语境、时间标志词、从句和主句的时态搭配、固定句型等判断出正确答案。常以单项选择、语法选择、语法填空、词语运用等考查。近几年考查时态的题型命题规律动词的时态和语态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一。考题多以具体的语境为主，体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。动词的时态和语态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一。考题多以具体的语境为主，体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。【网络构建】考向一被动语态的句型句型构成例句肯定句主语+be+过去分词(+by...)Englishisspokeneverywhere.到处有人说英语。否定句主语+be+not+过去分词(+by…)Englishisn’tspokenbypeoplehere.这里的人不说英语。一般疑问句Be+主语+过去分词(+by...)?—WasTomaskedtocomeearly?汤姆被要求早点来吗?—Yes,hewas.是的，他被要求了。/No,hewasn’t.不，他没有。特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+be+主语+过去分词(+by...)?Whywasthisbridgedestroyedbythegovernment?政府为什么要拆毁这座桥?考向二被动语态的各种时态形式时态结构例句一般现在时主语+am/is/are+过去分词+其他Historyismadebythepeople.历史是人们创造的。一般过去时主语+was/were+过去分词+其他TheletterwaswritteninEnglish.这封信是用英语写的。ThecarsweremadeinShanghai.这些车是上海生产的。一般将来时主语+willbe+过去分词+其他Yourjobwillbekeptopenforyourreturn.你的工作将保留到你回来。Whenwilltheworkbefinished?这项工作什么时候完成？现在进行时主语+am/is/am+being+过去分词+其他Anewrailwayisbeingbuilt.一条新铁路正在修建。Becausemycarisbeingrepaired,Ihavetogotoworkbytaxi.因为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。过去进行时主语+was/were+being+过去分词+其他Thehallwasbeingbuiltlastyear.I’mnotsureifitiscompleted.这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。TheroadwasbeingwidenedwhenIpassedbythevillage.当我经过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。现在完成时过去分词+其他HasthesportsmeetingbeenputoffuntilnextFriday?运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗？过去完成时主语+hadbeen+过去分词+其他Theroomhadbeenbrokenintobeforewecame.我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。AnewhotelhadbeenbuiltwhenIgotthere.我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。情态动词过去分词+其他Hertemperatureshouldbetakentwiceaday.她的体温应该一天量两次。Ifheated,watercanbeturnedintovapour.如果受热，水会变成蒸气。考向三被动语态的用法用法例句不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者Howisthiswordpronounced?这个单词怎么发音？Thebookwaspublishedin2005.这本书是2005年出版的。强调动作的承受者Schoolwillbeopenedinourvillage.我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。当动作的执行者是泛指时Heissuspectedofrobbingthebank.有人怀疑他抢劫银行。表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者Ihavebeentoldmanytimesnottomakenoises.有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。句法修饰的需要ThelecturewillbemadebyJoe,whoisayoungmusicianfromItaly.乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。有些动词习惯上常用被动语态Hewasborninthiscity.他出生在这个城市。ItisreportedthatheisaprofessorfromNewZealand.据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位教授。考向四主动语态变被动语态说明例句含有单个宾语的主动句，即＂主语+谓语动词+宾语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，并依据上表（被动语态的各种时态形式）谓语改为被动形式；如果需要说明动作的发出者，则需加上＂by+主动句的主语（人称代词宾格）＂。ThefamousprofessorgavetwolecturesinEnglish.→Twolecturesweregiven(bythefamousprofessor)inEnglish.那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。Theyoftenasksomequestionsafterclass.→Somequestionsareoftenasked(bythem)afterclass.他们经常在课后问一些问题。直接宾语＂：当直接宾语是名词或代词时，可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语，而另一个保持不动。但是，当直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前应加上介词to或or。Thedoctorgavemesomegoodadviceonthepronunciation.→Iwasgivensomegoodadviceonthepronunciation.→Somegoodadvicewasgiventomeonthepronunciation.老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。含有复合宾语的主动句，即＂主语+宾语+宾语补足语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简称主补)。WecallhimLiHua.→HeiscalledLiHua.我们叫他李华。Theypaintedtheroomwhite.→Theroomwaspaintedwhite.他们把房间刷成了白色。【易错警示】感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to，即＂beseen/heard/found/observed/noticed/madetodosth＂。Theysawherenterthemeetingroomjustnow.→Shewasseentoenterthemeetingroomjustnow.刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。含有动词短语（作谓语）的主动句：谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。Theytakegoodcareofthesechildren.→Thesechildrenaretakengoodcareof.他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。Weshouldmakefulluseofthegoodchance.→Thegoodchanceshouldbemadefulluseof.我们应该充分利用这次好机会。【易错警示】动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。考向五主动形式表示被动意义情况例句说明主语的性质、特征的动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。Theclothwasheswell.这种布料很容易洗.Afreshlybakedcakedoesn’tcuteasily.刚烤好的蛋糕不容易切。Thispieceofmusicsoundsgood.这段音乐听起来不错。Mooncakestastedelicious.月饼尝起来很美味。某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义，如：need，want，require，worth等。Thebikeneedsrepairing.这辆自行车需要修理。Yourhairwantscutting.你的头发该理了。【知识拓展】常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组：beseated坐着，就座behidden躲藏belost迷路bedrunk喝醉bedressed穿着一、单项选择1．（2023·江西南昌·模拟预测）—HaveyouseenFullRiverRed?—Yes.We________towatchitinChineseclasslastmonth.A．suggested B．aresuggested C．weresuggested D．suggest2．（2023·四川成都·校联考模拟预测）Alargenumberofathletes________tocometoChengduforthe31stSummerWorldUniversityGamesinJuly.A．isexpected B．areexpected C．expect3．（2023·福建厦门·统考模拟预测）—Pleasetellusonethingyouareproudofinyourjuniorhighschool.—I________asthepresidentoftheStudentUnion.A．willbechosen B．waschosen C．haschosen4．（2023·福建三明·统考模拟预测）—Linda,shallwegotoflykitesintheCentralPark?—Sure,Iwillgowithyouassoonasmyhomework________.A．isfinished B．willbefinished C．finishes5．（2023·四川自贡·校考一模）HarbinInternationalIceandSnowFestivalstartedin1985.It________onceayear.A．held B．washeld C．isheld6．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）—Youlooksohappytoday!—Mysuggestiontohaveaparty________bymyclassyesterday.A．accepts B．isaccepted C．accepted D．wasaccepted7．（2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）—Shawnis_______tobeoneofthefinestdoctorsofhisgeneration（同代人）.—Hewasborntostudymedicineandhassavedmanypeople’slives.A．wished B．considered C．taught D．chosen8．（2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）—AreyougoingtoTom’sbirthdaypartythisSunday?—UnlessI________.A．aminviting B．willbeinvited C．aminvited D．willbeinviting9．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·二模）Toomuchtime________oncomputergamesbymostteenagerseveryday.Theirparentsareworriedabouttheirhealthandstudy.A．iswasting B．iswasted C．waswasted D．wasted10．（2023·河北衡水·统考二模）Everyday,toomuchwater.Ithinkeveryoneshouldtakeactiontosaveit.A．wastes B．iswasted C．wasted D．waswasted11．（2023·湖南株洲·统考一模）Thesebooks________inRussian.Ican’treadthem.A．willbewritten B．iswritten C．arewritten12．（2023·辽宁盘锦·三模）TheMinistryofEducation（教育部）announcesthatmobilephones________totakeintoschoolinChinanowbecausetheyarebadforthestudents.A．haven’tallowedB．areallowed C．aren’tallowed D．allow13．（2023·湖北十堰·统考三模）—Whenshallwegoandplaybasketball?—Notuntilthework________tomorrow.A．isfinished B．havefinished C．willbefinished D．willfinish14．（2023·河北唐山·统考二模）Alotofflowers________intheparklastyear.A．plant B．areplanted C．planted D．wereplanted15．（2023·河北秦皇岛·统考三模）Nowadays,moreandmoreactions_________toreducethewasteoffood.A．aretaken B．havetaken C．take D．aretaking二、语法填空（2023·陕西西安·模拟预测）Accordingtoasurvey,Chinesecollegestudentswanttodovolunteerworkandwouldliketohelpthoseinneed.Ifthey16whethertheyarewillingtohelpelderlypeoplewhofalloverinthestreet,mostoftheiranswerswillbe“yes”.Thequestionofwhatistherightthingtodowhenanoldperson17overinthestreethasbeendiscussedforalongtime.Once,amancalledPengYuhelpedanoldwomanwhofelloverinNanjing,Jiangsuprovince.ThewomanlatersaidthatshewasknockeddownbyPengandaskedPeng18fortypercentofhermedicalcostsafterPengsenthertothehospital.Atthattime,manypeople19thiseventwouldhaveabadinfluence.However,areportfoundthat91.6percentofstudentswhoweresurveyedstillsaidthattheywouldhelpanelderlypersonwhenheorsheneededhelp.Mostofthecollegestudentswouldliketotakepartinthevolunteerwork.Theythinkhelping20iswhattheyshoulddo.Butlearningtobemoreprofessionalinhelpingpeopleisalsoveryimportant.It’ssuggestedthatmoreprofessionaltraining21beoffered.Thisway,morepeoplecantakepartinvolunteerwork22thanusual.There23differentkindsofvolunteerworkincludingenvironmentalprotection,communityservices,teachinginfarawayvillages,visitingtheoldatoldpeople’shomesandsoon.And83.1percentofcollegestudentsactuallydovolunteerworkeveryyear.Volunteerworknotonlyplaysanimportantroleindevelopingyoungpeople’sskills,butalsogivesthemafeelingof24.What’smore,volunteerworkisofgreatvaluefortheyoungaswellasthewidersociety.Somorepeopleshouldbeencouragedtotakepartinvolunteerwork25canmakeabetterworld.Well,whatwillyoudotomakeadifferencetotheworld?16．A．ask B．areasked C．asked D．wereasked17．A．fall B．fell C．falls D．fallen18．A．pay B．topay C．paying D．paid19．A．worry B．worried C．worryabout D．worriedabout20．A．other B．theother C．another D．others21．A．should B．need C．might D．may22．A．active B．moreactive C．actively D．moreactively23．A．is B．are C．was D．were24．A．satisfy B．satisfying C．satisfaction D．satisfied25．A．who B．whose C．whom D．which三、用所给单词适当形式填空26．（2023·江苏淮安·校考一模）Thechampion(present)withagoldattomorrow’smeeting.27．（2023·湖南永州·统考二模）InordertomakeYongzhouCitymorebeautiful,treesandflowersshould（plant）everyyear.28．（2023·内蒙古包头·包钢第三中学校考三模）Mr.Whitesaidhischildrenwerenottousemobilephonesbeforetheageof13.(allow)29．（2023·江苏无锡·校考二模）—Arethepolicegoingtotellthedetailsofthecasetothepublic?—Notuntilthethief(catch).30．（2023·江苏南京·统考二模）Therewerefewtreesbefore,andwe(hit)bysandstormsseriouslyinspring.31．（2023·湖南永州·统考二模）Thetelephone(invent)bythefamousinventor,Bell.32．（2023·江苏无锡·三模）Thelittlebabythatfeltsleepy(lay)onthebedafterhermommycamebackhome.33．（2023·江苏无锡·统考二模）Thousandsofpeople(leave)homelessintheearthquakewhichhappenedinTurkeyinFebruary,2023.34．（2023·江苏扬州·统考二模）TolearnEnglishwell,studentsshouldbetospeakasmuchaspossible.(encourage)35．（2023·湖南永州·统考二模）English(speak)allovertheworldandwe’dtrytolearnitwell.36．（2023·江苏南京·统考一模）Forthefirsttime,thisyear’sOscarforBestActress(present)toMichelleYeoh,anAsianwoman.37．（2023·江苏淮安·统考一模）Mywashingmachine(control)bymysmartphonewhenI’mnotathome.38．（2023·江苏无锡·统考一模）Bothwaterandfood(give)totheathleteswhotookpartinWuxiMarathonlastmonth.39．（2023·江苏无锡·统考一模）InHKDisneyland,visitors(allow)togetclosertocartooncharacters.40．（2023·江苏无锡·统考一模）Luckily,manytraditionalartformslikeWuxiOpera(pass)onandstayalive.1．（2023·河北·统考中考真题）Breakfast________everydayforpeopleagedover60forfreeinthisvillage.A．provides B．provided C．isprovided D．wasprovided2．（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）ThepandaYaYa________backtoChinaonApril27th,2023.A．isbrought B．wasbrought C．willbebrought3．（2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题）—Canhegetthefirstprizeintherace?—He________so,buthehasjusthurthisleg.It’simpossiblenow.A．willexpecttodo B．isexpecteddoingC．hasexpecteddoing D．wasexpectedtodo4．（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）Sandturnstoglasswhenit________bylightning.A．hits B．ishit C．ishitting D．willbehit5．（2023·湖南怀化·统考中考真题）Thecake______bythehungrystudentsquicklyyesterday.A．eats B．iseaten C．waseaten6．（2023·天津·统考中考真题）Somephotosofthemoon________intheSpaceClubnextweek.A．shows B．isshowing C．wereshown D．willbeshown7．（2023·江西·统考中考真题）HouYi________magicmedicineforshootingdowntheninesuns,thenPangMengtriedtostealit.A．gives B．hasgiven C．gave D．wasgiven8．（2023·安徽·统考中考真题）Computershavehadagreatinfluenceonlearningmethodssincethey________intoschools.A．introduce B．introduced C．areintroduced D．wereintroduced9．（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）Tomaketheenvironmentmuchbetter,moretrees________nextyear.A．plant B．willplant C．areplanted D．willbeplanted10．（2023·四川泸州·统考中考真题）The18thChinaInternationalAlcoholicDrinksExpo(CIADE)________inLuzhoufromApril13thtoApril16th,2023.A