2024年高考英语外刊时文精读专题15青少年近视

PAGEPAGE12024年高考英语外刊时文精读精练(15)Short-sightedness:Protectingthepupils近视：爱护学生主题语境：人与自我主题语境内容：健康的生活方式【外刊原文】（斜体单词为超纲词汇，相识即可；下划线单词为课标词汇，需熟记。）Fewthingscomewithnodownsidesatall.Richcountrieshavealmost

completely

banished

infectious

diseases

suchas

tuberculosis(结核病),

cholera(霍乱)

and

malaria(疟疾).Instead,theirhealth

ministries

spendmuchoftheirtimeworryingaboutillnessescausedbywealth.Cheap,highcaloriefoodhas

abolished

starvation

intherichworld,butitalsoencourages

diabetes(糖尿病).White-collar

jobsareless

tiringthan

physical

work.Theyalsopromote

obesity

andheartdisease.Eveneducationisnotalwaysgood.Overthepastfewdecades,EastAsiahasseena

stunning

riseintherateofshort-sightedness.Andagrowing

pile

of

evidence

suggeststhatthemain

reasonforthisiseducation—specifically,thefactthatchildrenspendlargepartsofthedayin

relatively

darkclassrooms.

Beforethelongeconomicboomsthatbeganinthe

1960s,

short-sightedness

was

uncommon

inEastAsia.Thesedays,amongtheyoung,itisalmost

widespread.InSeoulovernineintenyoungmenareshort-sighted.China,whichbeganitseconomicriselater,is

catching

up.Datashow

short-sightedness

ratesamongyoungpeopleofabout

80%.

IfEastAsiaisthecentreofthe

epidemic(流行病),theWestisnot

immune.Gooddataarehardertocomeby.Butstudiessuggestratesofbetween

20%and

40%inEurope,higherthanthenaturalstateofaffairs.OnestudyinCaliforniafoundarateof

59%among

17-to

19-year-olds.Thereare,

admittedly,worsethingsto

suffer

from.Butshort-sightednessisnotalwaysharmless.

Glasses

and

contact

lenses(隐形眼镜)

areanexpensive,

lifelong

bother.Inpartsof

rural

China,wheresomefamiliescannotaffordeither,childrenstruggleintheveryschoolsthatarecausingtheproblem.Andsevere

short-sightedness

leadsthoseenduringittoothereye

diseases

inmiddleage,someofwhichcancauseuntreatablelossofvision.GovernmentsinAsiaareincreasinglyworriedaboutthepublic-health

effects

ofentiregenerationsgrowingupshort-sighted.Thoseinotherpartsoftheworldshouldstartworrying,too.

The

evidence

suggeststhatregular

exposure

tobrightdaylightisvitalin

properly

controllingthegrowthofchildren’seyes.Toolittlelightleadsto

short-sighted

eyes.ResearchersthinkthatthisexplainswhyratesaresohighinAsia,whereastrongcultural

emphasis

onthevalueofeducationleadstolongschooldaysand,often,

private

tutoring

intheafternoonandevening.Thatleaveslittletimefor

sunshine.Westernchildren,whoseparentsareincreasinglyworriedbya

competitive

jobsmarketthatthreatensmuchless

secure

employment

thantheyenjoyed,arebeginningtogothesameway.

Specialeyedrops,aswellasclever

glasses

and

contact

lenses,maybeabletoslowthe

development

of

short-sightedness

onceithasstarted.But

prevention

isbetterthanrelief,andthesciencesuggestsacheap,

straightforward

measure.Aseriesofencouraging

trials

showthatgivingschoolchildren—andespeciallythosein

primary

education—moretimeoutsidecancutthenumberwhogoontodevelop

short-sightedness.Anisland-widepolicyofdoingjustthatseemstohavebegun

changing

thedecades-longriseinshort-sightedness

rates.SimilarattemptsinSingaporereliedonparents,who

proved

more

reluctant

tochangetheir

behaviour,perhapsworriedthatotherparentsmightnotfollowsuit,leavingtheirchildrenata

disadvantage

intheclassroom.

Governmentsarewellplacedtosolvesuch

collective-actionproblems,while

reassuring

anxiousparentsthatabitlessclassroomtimeisunlikelytobe

catastrophic.Afterall,countriessuchasFinlandandSwedendowellinglobaleducation

rankings

withaless

intense

approach

toeducation.Givingmoreoutdoortimetoyoungchildrenwouldstillleaveroomforthemtocram(死记硬背)forexamsintheirteenageyears.Andlongerbreaksintheplaygroundmayalsoimproveotherrich-worldproblemssuchaschildhood

obesity.Far-sighted

governmentsshouldsendthekids

outdoors.【课标词汇精讲】banish消退，解除Diseaseslikemalariahavebeenbanishedforcenturies.疟疾之类的疾病已经被根除数世纪之久。Hehasnowbanishedallthoughtsofretirement...他现在已经完全打消了退休的念头。infectious易传染的，传染性的；有感染力的；•aninfectiousdisease/patient传染病／传染病病人•aninfectioussmile有感染力的笑声•infectiousenthusiasm有感染力的热忱abolish废除，废止SlaverywasabolishedintheUSinthe19thcentury.

美国于19世纪废除了奴隶制。Thewholesystemshouldbeabolished.整个制度应当被废除。starvation饥饿，挨饿Twentymillionpeoplefacestarvationunlessavastemergencyaidprogrammeislaunched.若不启动大型紧急救济专案安排，两千万人将有饿死的危急。Theanimalshaddiedofstarvation.这些动物饿死了。promote促进；促销，推销；推广Advertisingcompaniesarealwayshavingtothinkupnewwaystopromoteproducts.广告公司总是得想出新方法来促销。Greenpeaceworkstopromoteawarenessofthedangersthatthreatenourplanettoday.绿色和平组织致力于促使人们更了解当前威逼地球的危机。stunning震惊的•stunningnews令人震惊的新闻Hesufferedastunningdefeatintheelection.他在选举中惨败。evidence证据；证明Severalexpertsaretogiveevidenceonthesubject.几位专家将就这个问题提出证据。Thereisgrowing/mounting/increasingevidencethatpeoplewhosedietsarerichinvitaminsarelesslikelytodevelopsometypesofcancer.越来越多的证据证明，在饮食中汲取含有富维他命食物的人不太简洁罹患某些癌症。specifically特意，特地地;明确地；准确地；详细地Thesejeansaredesignedspecificallyforwomen.这些牛仔裤是专为女性设计的。Itspecificallysaid/statedonthelabelthatthejacketshouldbedry-cleanedonly.标签上明确标明这件夹克衫只能干洗。relatively相对地，比较而言，按…比例说Relativelyspeaking,it'safairlypoorcountry.相对而言，这是个很贫困的国家。Thesystemisrelativelyeasytouse.这个系统运用起来相对简洁。widespread分布广的，散布广的；普遍的Therewaswidespreadsupportforthewar.普遍支持斗争。Thestormcausedwidespreaddamage.暴风雨造成了大范围的破坏。catch

up赶上Iranafterherandmanagedtocatchupwithher.我在她后面追，最终赶上了她。Atthemomentourtechnologyismoreadvanced,butothercountriesarecatchingupwithus.目前我们的技术比较先进，但是其他国家正在赶上来。immune免疫的;对某种疾病〕有免疫力的:Mostpeoplewho'vehadchickenpoxonceareimmunetoitfortherestoftheirlives.大多数出过水痘的人终生都对此病具有免疫力。Oncewe'vehadthedisease,we'reimmuneforlife.我们一旦得过这种病，就获得了终身免疫力。Admittedly[用于让步或承认某事属实或的确如此]诚然;无可否认Admittedly,thesalarywasnotwonderfulbutthedutieswerelight.诚然，薪水不是很高，但是工作很轻松。Thisisadmittedlyanextremecase.这的确是个极端的事例。suffer受苦；受熬煎She'sbeensufferingfrom(=beenillwith)cancerfortwoyears.她患癌症已经两年了。Mary'ssufferingfromillhealthatthemoment.玛丽眼下身体不好。endure忍耐（苦痛，困难），忍受Itseemedimpossiblethatanyonecouldenduresuchpain.似乎没人能忍耐这样的苦痛。Wehadtoendureanine-hourdelayattheairport.航班延误，我们不得不在机场苦等了九个小时。Increasingly越来越多地，不断增加地•tobeincreasinglyimportant/common越来越重要／普遍Hewasfindingitincreasinglydifficulttomakedecisions...他发觉越来越难以作出确定。Thereisanincreasinglypopularalternative...有了越来越受欢迎的替代品。17.exposure接触；面临；遭遇Youshouldalwayslimityourexposuretothesun.无论甚么时候，都不要长时间晒太阳。Evenabriefexposuretoradiationisverydangerous.即使只是短期接受辐射也是特别危急的。18.vital必不行少的；极其重要的Shehadfoundoutsomeinformationofvitalimportance.她已经查出了一些极为重要的资讯。Regularexerciseisvitalforyourhealth.常常熬炼对健康特别重要。emphasis重视，强调Theyplacedgreatemphasisontheindividual'sfreedom.他们特殊强调个人自由。Schoolshereput/place/laygreatemphasisonwrittenworkandgrammar.这里的学校特殊重视写作和文法。competitive竞争的；竞赛的

Graduateshavetofightforjobsinahighlycompetitivemarket.毕业生不得不在竞争激烈的市场上奋力争取找到工作。Universitiesareverycompetitiveforthebeststudents.高校对优等生的争夺特别激烈。secure平安的，无危急的;牢靠的，稳定的Theofficialsaidthatnoairportcouldbetotallysecure.那名官员说任何机场都不行能肯定平安。Wewantasecurefutureforourchildren.我们希望我们的孩子有一个牢靠的将来。employment受雇；就业Theemploymentprospectsforsciencegraduatesareexcellent.理科毕业生的就业前景特别好。

Steve'sstilllookingforfull-timeemployment.史蒂夫还在找寻全职工作。23.prevention阻挡，阻碍；预防TheorganizationiscommittedtoAIDSpreventionandeducation.该组织致力于爱滋病的防治和教化。Effectivecrimepreventionmustbeourmaingoal.有效预防犯罪必需是我们的主要目标。24.straightforward简洁理解的，简洁的Installingtheprogramisrelativelystraightforward.

安装这个程序相对来说比较简洁。Thisareaoflawisfarfromstraightforward(=complicated).这方面的法律很困难。trial验，试验，测试They'veemployedherforasix-monthtrial(period).他们录用了她，试用期为六个月。Theyletmehavethecomputerontrialforthirtydays.他们让我试用这台计算机三十天。primary

首要的；主要的;初等教化的，小学的•primaryeducation初等教化•aprimaryschool小学TheRedCross'sprimaryconcernistopreserveandprotecthumanlife.红十字会最关切的是维护人的生命平安。27.reluctant不情愿的，牵强的Sheseemedreluctanttodiscussthematter.她似乎不愿探讨这件事。IwashavingsuchagoodtimeIwasreluctanttoleave.我玩得很快乐，都不情愿离开了。28.reassure劝慰，使放心，使消退疑虑Heunderstoodherfeelingsandtriedtoreassureher.他理解她的心情并努力劝慰她。Iwasnervousonmyfirstdayatcollege,butIwasreassuredtoseesomefriendlyfaces.踏进高校的第一天我很惊慌，但是当我看到那么多友善的脸孔，心里感到踏实多了。29.catastrophic灾难性的;引起重大灾难的Atidalwavecausedbytheearthquakehitthecoastcausingcatastrophicdamage...地震引起的海啸攻击了沿海地区，导致灾难性的破坏。Thewatershortageinthiscountryispotentiallycatastrophic...这个国家的水资源匮乏可能会带来灾难性的后果。30.

intense猛烈的；猛烈的，极度的Hesuddenlyfeltanintensepaininhisback.他突然觉得背部一阵剧痛。Youngpeopletodayareunderintensepressuretosucceed.如今的年轻人面临极大的胜利压力。【课标词汇精练】Overthreehundredpeoplehavediedofsincethebeginningoftheyear.从年初起，已有300多人饿死。Ithaslongbeenknownthatregularexerciseall-roundgoodhealth.常常运动能促进全面健康，这一点已久为人知。ThePresident'sfinaldecisioncamewithsuddenness.总统之最终确定的突然性令人惊讶Thecampaignhasreceivedsupport.这场运动得到广泛支持。Hewasoffschoolforawhileandisfindingithardto.他休学了一段时间，现在发觉要跟上很吃力。Heseemstobetocolds-hejustnevergetsthem.他似乎对感冒具有免疫力——他从不感冒。Itisbecomingclearthatthisproblemwillnotbeeasilysolved.越来越明显的是,这个问题不会轻易解决。toleadisknowntodamagethebrainsofyoungchildren.众所周知，接触铅对幼儿的大脑有害。Itistogetmedicalsuppliestotheareaassoonaspossible.要尽快把药品送往该地区，这至关重要。Forsomeonewhocan'tread,shoppingisbynomeansamatter.对于不识字的人来说，购物决不是一件简洁的事情,IcouldhavetriedharderbutIstilldon'tthinkallthiscriticismisfair.不行否认，我原来可以再努力些。尽管如此，我认为这些指责也并非完全公道。Ithinkhequitealotwhenhiswifelefthim.我想他妻子离开他时，他肯定很苦痛。Isthereanyscientificthataperson'scharacterisreflectedintheirhandwriting?一个人的笔迹反映其性格的说法有甚么科学凭据呢？Theytriedtothememoryfromtheirminds.他们试图驱走心中的记忆。Thesevirusesaffectchildrenandarehighly.这些病毒会侵袭儿童，而且具有很强的传染性。Thegovernmentshouldincometaxforthelow-paid.政府应当取消低收入者的所得税。Weareaimingourcampaignatyoungpeople.我们的促销宣扬是特地针对年轻人的。AlthoughEurope'seconomywasgrowing,itwasfallingbehind.尽管欧洲经济也在增长，但相对而言是落后了。She'salreadyhadtothreepainfuloperationsonherleg.她已经承受了三次腿部手术的巨大苦痛。sportsencouragechildrentoworktogetherasateam.竞技体育激励孩子们的团队协作精神。Atlasttheywereabletofeelaboutthefuture.

他们最终觉得不必为将来而担忧了。Ithinkweshouldputasmuchonpreventingdiseaseaswedooncuringit.我认为我们应当像重视治疗一样重视疾病的预防。Theministerwarnedthatifwarbrokeout,itwouldbeforthewholeworld.这位部长警告说，万一爆发斗争，那对全世界都将是场灾难。Thejobdemandsconcentration.这项工作要求高度用心。Educatingnewdriversisimportantfortheofaccidents.培训新司机对预防事故很重要。levelsareunlikelytorisesignificantlybeforetheendofnextyear.在明年年底之前就业率很难有大幅度提升。Hetriedtomethatmymotherwouldbeokay.他试图劝慰我，说我母亲不会有事的。They'redoingclinicalonanewdrug.他们正在对一种新药进行临床试验。Theresponsibilitylieswiththosewhobreakthelaw.主要的责任在于那些违法者。Manyparentsfeeltotalkopenlywiththeirchildren.许多父母都不情愿和儿女们敞快乐扉交谈。Keys:Overthreehundredpeoplehavediedofstarvationsincethebeginningoftheyear.Ithaslongbeenknownthatregularexercisepromotesall-roundgoodhealth.ThePresident'sfinaldecisioncamewithstunningsuddenness.4.Thecampaignhasreceivedwidespreadsupport.5.Hewasoffschoolforawhileandisfindingithardtocatchup.6.Heseemstobeimmunetocolds-hejustnevergetsthem.7.Itisbecomingincreasinglyclearthatthisproblemwillnotbeeasilysolved.8.Exposuretoleadisknowntodamagethebrainsofyoungchildren.9.Itisvitaltogetmedicalsuppliestotheareaassoonaspossible.10.Forsomeonewhocan'tread,shoppingisbynomeansastraightforwardmatter.11.Admittedly,IcouldhavetriedharderbutIstilldon'tthinkallthiscriticismisfair.12.Ithinkhesufferedquitealotwhenhiswifelefthim.13.Isthereanyscientificevidencethataperson'scharacterisreflectedintheirhandwriting?14.Theytriedtobanishthememoryfromtheirminds.15.Thesevirusesaffectchildrenandarehighlyinfectious.16.Thegovernmentshouldabolishincometaxforthelow-paid.17.Weareaimingourcampaignspecificallyatyoungpeople.18.AlthoughEurope'seconomywasgrowing,itwasfallingbehindrelatively.19.She'salreadyhadtoendurethreepainfuloperationsonherleg.20.Competitivesportsencouragechildrentoworktogetherasateam.21.Atlasttheywereabletofeelsecureaboutthefuture.

22.Ithinkweshouldputasmuchemphasisonpreventingdiseaseaswedooncuringit.23.Theministerwarnedthatifwarbrokeout,itwouldbecatastrophicforthewholeworld.24.Thejobdemandsintenseconcentration.25.Educatingnewdriversisimportantforthepreventionofaccidents.26.Employmentlevelsareunlikelytorisesignificantlybeforetheendo