备考2025届高考英语一轮复习讲义第一部分过透教材Unit2MoralsandVirtues新人教版必修第三册

Unit2MoralsandVirtuesLifeisprecioustoLinQiaozhi，whohaddeliveredover50，000babiesinherlifetime.Whenpeopleentrustedherwiththeirlives，itwashervirtuethatcarriedherthroughdecadesofhardchoices.Whenshewas18，shechosetostudymedicineinsteadofenteringintoamarriagelikethemajorityofgirls.Unfortunately，herbrotherrespondednegativelytoherchoice，complainingaboutthehightuitionfees.However，nothingcouldscareheroff.Aftergraduation，LinQiaozhiwonascholarshipandwasappointedasaresidentphysicianinafamoushospital.Afterafewyears，shewassenttostudyinEuropeandthentheUS，whereshegreatlyimpressedhercolleagues，whoinvitedhertostaybutwererejected，forshewasdeterminedtoreturntoChina.Thenduringthewar，sheopenedherownclinictoshieldtheinjuredfromharm.AfterthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina，shewaselectedtomanyimportantpositions，butthisdidn’tweakenherinterestatallintendingpatientsandtrainingthenextgenerationofdoctorswhocouldreplaceher.DrLindidn’tretireuntilthedayshepassedaway.Duringherwholelife，DrLinpublishedagreatdealofmedicalresearch，leavingmassivewealthtotheworld，andhersavingswereusedonchildrenandmedicaldevelopment.Inmemoryofhercontributions，amemorialparkwasbuiltin1984onKulangsuIsland.1respondvt.&vi.回答，回复（reply）vi.作出反应，回应（react）1.[外研选必②－6]Temperaturesarerising，andnationsarefailingtorespondtoit.2.[译林选必④－2]Moreimportantly，whetheryouapproveofthespeaker’swordsornot，youneedtobehonestinyourresponse（respond）.3.我写信是响应网站上发布的通知，申请一份城市篮球竞赛的志愿工作。 （申请信）I’mwritingtoapplyforavoluntaryjobintheCityBasketballCompetitioninresponsetothenoticepostedonthewebsite.★respondto...（with...）（以……）回答/响应……★responsen.回答，答复；反应；响应inresponseto作为对……的答复；响应2tendvt.&vi.照看；照料（attendto，carefor，lookafter，takecareof）vi.往往会；倾向；趋于1.[译林必修②－2]Ithasalsobeenproventhatactivepeopletendtohave（have）betterimmunesystemsandareatlowerriskofdiseases.2.Thereisawidespreadtendency（tend）thatmoreandmoreyoungpeoplechooseonlineshoppingratherthangotobrick-and-mortarstores（实体店）tobuywhattheylike.（引入话题）点拨此处that引导同位语从句，作tendency的同位语。3.EverytimeIgettiredofstudying，tending（to）theflowers（照料花儿）onthebalconymakesmefeelenergeticagain.点拨主句谓语为makes，所以空处应填非谓语形式作主语，且此处表示习惯性的动作，所以用v-ing作主语。4.然而，很多人往往会以成败论英雄。→①However，manypeopletendtojudgeapersonbyhis/hersuccessorfailure.（tend）→②However，manypeoplehaveatendencytojudgeapersonbyhis/hersuccessorfailure.（tendency）★tend（to）sb./sth.照料某人/某物tendtodosth.往往会发生某事；易于做某事tendto/towards...趋向于……★tendencyn.倾向；趋势haveatendencytodosth.有做某事的倾向tendencyto/towards...……的倾向★其他表示"趋势"的词：trend，current，tide3scarevt.惊吓；使胆怯 vi.受惊吓1.Someparentstrytoscaretheirnaughtychildrenintobehavingthemselves.2.Afterwatchingascaryfilm，shewasscaredinthedarkatmidnight.（scare）3.[外研选必①－1]Althoughsheisclearlystillinsomepain，herscared（scare）andanxiouslookhasbeenreplaced—firstbyasmallsmile，andthenbyloudlaughter...4.Scaredoflosingcontroloftheirlife，somepeopletendtofollowthepaththatotherssuggestbecausetheyarescaredtofail（fail）.5.WhenIrealizedthatthebearwascomingbacktoattackus，Iwasnearlyscaredtodeath（几乎要吓死了）.（读后续写之心理描写）★scaresb.away/off把某人吓跑scaresb.intodoingsth.恐吓某人做某事★scaredadj.胆怯 的bescaredof（doing）sth.胆怯 （做）某事bescaredtodosth.胆怯 做某事bescaredtodeath胆怯 得要死★scaryadj.恐怖的，吓人的4replacevt.接替；取代；更换；把……放回原处1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义①Youhavetoreplacethebooksontheshelvesbeforeyouleave. 把……放回原处②[译林必修②－2]Inresponsetopublicinterest，ouraerobicsclasshasbeenreplacedwithseveralfunoptions，includingmoderndance. 取代2.我猛烈举荐我的挚友李明，他是最适合下周代替鲍勃的人。 （举荐信）IstronglyrecommendmyfriendLiMing，whoisthemostsuitablepersontoreplace/taketheplaceofBobnextweek.★replaceA（with/byB）（用B）接替/取代A★replacementn.[U]替换，更换；[C]替代品replaceableadj.可替换的；可代替的★"代替，取代"的其他表达：inplaceofsb.＝inone’splacetakeone’splace＝taketheplaceofsb.5harmn.&vt.损害；损害1.[北师选必①－3]High-tensionpowerlines，aswellasclear-cutcorridors，pipelines，roadsofrocksandpaintedlinesonthegrounddonoharmtoanimals.2.NotonlycontinuedAntarctictourismbutalsotheintroductionofsomeharmful（harm）foreignthingscouldthreatenthebalanceofthelocalecosystem. （环境疼惜）3.Theexperiencedphysicianprescribedthepregnantwomansomemedicineharmless（harm）toherbaby.点拨句意：医生给孕妇开了一些对孩子无害的药。高考语法填空题中，若提示词为名词，须要变成形容词时，还要依据语境看空处是表示否定意义还是确定意义。4.Thereisnoharminturningoffthelight（关上灯没有害处）whenyougoout.5.花太多时间上网会损害我们的视力。 （个人观点）Spendingtoomuchtimeonlinecanharm/doharmto/beharmfultooureyesight.★dosb.harm/doharmtosb.对某人有害Thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事没有害处。★harmfuladj.有害的beharmfulto...对……有害★harmlessadj.无害的6carrysb.through（sth.）帮助某人渡过难关1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义①It’sadifficultjobbutshe’sthepersontocarryitthrough. 胜利完成（工作）②Inthepasttoughyears，hisdeterminationhascarriedhimthrough. 帮助他渡过难关点拨through可以作介词，后接名词；也可以作副词，后不接任何成分。③Hehasprovedhecancarrythroughonhispromises. 履行他的承诺2.[外研必修②－6]Carryoutthesurveyandusetheresultstocomeupwithwaystoreducecarbonfootprint.3.[人教必修③－4]Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.4.Withhercompanyandcontinualencouragement，Isuccessfullywentthroughthosetoughyears.→Itwashercompanyandcontinualencouragementthatcarriedmethroughthosetoughyears.（强调句型）点拨gothrough在此处意为"阅历，经受（尤指苦难或艰难时期）"，除此之外，还可表示"检查；通读，查阅；（法律、协议、确定）获得通过"。5.大海的气味勾起了她童年的回忆。Thesmelloftheseacarriedherbacktoherchildhood.★carrysth.through胜利完成某事carrythrough（on/withsth.）履行（承诺）★carryon接着，坚持；接着移动carryoutsth.履行（诺言）；执行/完成（支配、探讨等）carrysb.back（tosth.）使某人回想起（某事）；使某人回忆（某事）7inmemoryof作为对……的纪念1.Thetextissoimportantthatweshouldmemorize/memorise（memory）it.点拨-ize（-ise）为常见的动词后缀，如modernize，industrialize，globalize等。2.Wewillholdaseriesofactivitiesinmemoryofthosebravefirefighters（纪念那些英勇的消防队员）.点拨类似的"in＋n.＋of"型短语还有：inpraiseof赞扬，歌颂；incelebrationof庆祝；insearchof找寻；infavourof支持，赞同；inchargeof负责，管理；insupportof支持；intermsof就……而言；inaidof为帮助；inhonourof向……表示敬意；inneedof须要。★memorise（NAmEmemorize）vt.记住，熟记memorableadj.值得纪念的，难忘的memorialadj.纪念的，悼念的n.纪念碑；纪念物8agreatdeal（of）大量1.Agreatdealofnervoustensionbeforetheperformanceoftenleads（lead）toatotalmessonstage.2.Thistimehedroveagooddealfaster（fast）sowedidn’tarrivelatelikelastSunday.点拨本句中没有明显的比较级标记词than，但由句首的Thistime和so后的句子可知此处暗含比较意义，且空前有agooddeal修饰，故填fast的比较级。常见的修饰比较级的词还有any，much，even，far，alot等。3.Youradviceandguidancemeanagreat/gooddealtous（对我们意义重大）intheEnglishDramaFestival. （感谢信）4.我花了大量时间阅读您举荐的相关文献，从中学到了很多。 （感谢信）Ispentagreat/gooddealoftime（in）readingrelevantliteratureyourecommended，fromwhichIhavelearnedagreat/gooddeal.★agreat/gooddealof＋n.[U]＋v.（单数）agreat/goodmanyof＋n.[C]＋v.（复数）★agreat/gooddeal（副词短语）可修饰adj./adv.比较级，也可修饰v.。agreat/gooddeal（名词短语）意为"大量，很多"，作主语或宾语。9"否定词＋adj./adv.比较级"表示最高级意义1.假如您能抽出一点时间给我一些指导，我将不胜感谢。 （求助信）Icouldn’tbemoregratefulifyoucouldsparesometimetogivemesomeguidance.点拨"不胜感谢"还可以用"Ican’tthankyouenough"表达。2."我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了！"妈妈满足地回答道。"I’veneverhadamoredeliciousbreakfastthanthis！"Momrepliedinasatisfiedvoice.★此结构常译为"没有比……更……，再……不过了"。★常用的否定词有nothing，no，not，never，nobody等。10wouldratherdosth.宁愿做某事1.It’ssohotoutside！Iwouldratherstay（stay）athomedoinghousework.2.[外研选必②－3]Afterall，howmanyofustodaywouldrathersendamessagepackedwithemojisthanmakeatelephonecall？3.如今，人们宁愿用高科技产品来沟通和消磨时间，也不愿与挚友及家人出去。→①Nowadays，peoplewouldrathercommunicateandkilltimebyusinghi-techproductsthangooutwithfriendsandfamilies.（wouldrather）→②Nowadays，peopleprefertocommunicateandkilltimebyusinghi-techproductsratherthangooutwithfriendsandfamilies.（prefer）★wouldrather为情态动词短语，后接动词原形。★wouldratherdosth.thandosth.（＝woulddosth.ratherthandosth.＝prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.）宁愿做某事也不愿做某事一对反义前缀：in-（im-）&ex-本单元：im-（向内）＋port（港口）→进入港口内→import进口ex-（向外）＋port（港口）→到港口外→export出口拓展：从下列方框中选择适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空