园林湿地常用水生植物种类及生态习性

序号生活方式植物名称科属生育期种植密度繁殖方式种植时间适宜水深耐寒性覆盖性观赏价值中文名拉丁名1、2年生多年生≤20cm20~50cm50~80cm≥80cm强中弱强中弱观叶观花观果观姿1挺水型金钱蒲AcorusgramineusSoland菖蒲科菖蒲属√√√√√√√2挺水型灯心草JuncuseffususL.灯心草科灯心草属√2~11月√√√√√3挺水型菰Zizanialatifolia禾本科菰属√2~10月√√√√√√4挺水型芦苇Phragmitescommunis禾本科芦苇属√√√√√√√√√√5挺水型花叶芦竹ArundodonaxL.cv.versicolor禾本科芦竹属√3~10月√√√√6挺水型黑三棱SparganiumstoloniferumBuch黑三棱科黑三棱属√3~8月√√√√√√7挺水型花蔺ButomusumbelatusL.花蔺科花蔺属√分株、播种4~6月√√√√√√8挺水型红蓼PolygonumorientaleL.蓼科蓼属√播种3~7月√√√√√√9挺水型水蓼PolygonumhydropiperL.蓼科蓼属√播种3~8月√√√√√√10挺水型丁香蓼LudwigiaprostrataRoxb柳叶菜科丁香蓼属√播种3~7月√√√√√√11挺水型水生美人蕉CannaglaucaL.美人蕉科美人蕉属√4~8月√√√√√√12挺水型千屈菜LythrumsalicariaL.千屈菜科千屈菜属√√√√√√√√13挺水型花叶鱼腥草HouttuyniacordataThunbvar.Variegate三白草科蕺菜属√√√√√√14挺水型鱼腥草/蕺菜HouttuyniacordataThunb三白草科蕺菜属√√√√√√15挺水型泽芹SiumsuaveWalter伞形科泽芹属√√√√√√√16挺水型水芹Oenanthejavanica(Blume)DC.伞形科水芹菜属√√√√√√17挺水型水葱Scirpustabernae~montaniGmel莎草科藨草属√√√√√√√18挺水型莎草CyperusrotundusL.莎草科莎草属√√√√√19挺水型水莎草JunellusSerotinusC.B.Clarke莎草科莎草属√√√√√√v20挺水型中华水韭IsoetessinensisPalmer水韭科水韭属√√√√√21挺水型水蕨Ceratopteristhalictroides(L.)Brongn水蕨科水蕨属√√√√√√22挺水型荷花NelumbonuciferaGaertn睡莲科莲属√√√√√√√√23挺水型菖蒲/水菖蒲AcoruscalamusL.天南星科菖蒲属√√√√√√24挺水型石菖蒲AcorusgramineusAlt.天南星科菖蒲属√√√√√√25挺水型海芋/山芋Alocasiaodora(Roxb.)K.Koch天南星科海芋属√√√√√√26挺水型芋Colocasiaesculenta天南星科芋属√√√√√√√27挺水型香蒲TyphaorientalisC.Presl香蒲科香蒲属√√√√√√√28挺水型小香蒲TyphaminimaFunckexHoppe香蒲科香蒲属√√√√√√29挺水型梭鱼草PontederiacordataL.雨久花科梭鱼草属√√√√√√√30挺水型雨久花MonochoriaKorsakowiiRegeletMaack雨久花科雨久花属√√√√√√√31挺水型鸭舌草Monochoriavaginalis(Burm.f.)Presl雨久花科雨久花属√√√√√√32挺水型黄花鸢尾/黄菖蒲IrispseudacorusL.鸢尾科鸢尾属√√√√√√√33挺水型花菖蒲/玉蝉花IrisensataThunb.鸢尾科鸢尾属√√√√√√34挺水型溪荪IrisSanguineaDonnexHornem鸢尾科鸢尾属√√√√√√√35挺水型慈菇SagitariasagittifoliaL.泽泻科慈菇属√√√√√√√36挺水型东方泽泻Alismaorientale(Samuel)Juz泽泻科泽泻属√√√√√√√37浮叶型莼菜BraseniaschreberiGmel莼菜科莼菜属√√√√√√√38浮叶型茶菱Trapellasinensis胡麻科茶菱属√√√√√√√39浮叶型两栖蓼PolygonumamphibiumL.蓼科蓼属√√√√√√√40浮叶型菱Trapaspp菱科菱属√√√√√√√41浮叶型红菱Trapabicornis菱科菱属√√√√√√√42浮叶型荇菜NymphoidespeltataO.kuntze睡菜科荇菜属√√√√√√√43浮叶型水皮莲Nymphoidescristata龙胆科荇菜属√√√√√√√44浮叶型田字萍MarsileaquadrifoliaL.蘋科蘋属√√√√√45浮叶型铜钱草Hydrocotyleverticillata伞形科天胡荽属√√√√√46浮叶型水鳖Hydrocharisdubia(Bl.)Backer水鳖科水鳖属√√√√√√√47浮叶型萍蓬草Nupharpumilum(Timm.)DC.睡莲科萍蓬草属√√√√√√√48浮叶型芡EuryaleferoxSalisb.睡莲科芡属√√√√√√√√√√49浮叶型睡莲NymphaeatetragonaGeorgi睡莲科睡莲属√√√√√√√50浮叶型王莲VictoriaamazonicaSowerby睡莲科王莲属√√√√√√51浮叶型蕹菜Ipomoeaaquatica旋花科番薯属√√√√√√52浮叶型眼子菜PotamogetondistinctusA.Bem眼子菜科眼子菜属√√√√√√√√53浮叶型浮叶眼子菜PotamogetonnatansL.眼子菜科眼子菜属√√√√√√√54沉水型金鱼藻CeratophyllumdemersumL.金鱼藻科金鱼藻属√√√√√√√55沉水型菹草PotamogetoncrispusL.眼子菜科眼子菜属√√√√√√√56沉水型苦草Vallisnerianatans(Lous)H.Hara水鳖科苦草属√√√√√√√57沉水型黑藻Hydrillaverticillata(L.f)Royle水鳖科黑藻属√√√√√√√58沉水型水车前Otteliaalismoides(L.)Pers水鳖科水车前属√√√√√√√√59沉水型杉叶藻HippurisvulgarisL.水鳖科杉叶藻属√√√√√√√60沉水型狐尾藻Myriophyllumverticillatum小二仙草科狐尾藻属√√√√√√√61沉水型穗状狐尾藻MyriophyllumspicatumL.小二仙草科狐尾藻属√√√√√√√√62沉水型小眼子菜PotamogetonpusillusL.眼子菜科眼子菜属√√√√√√√63沉水型微齿眼子菜PotamogetonmaackianusA.Benn眼子菜科眼子菜属√√√√√√64沉水型蓖齿眼子菜PotamogetonpectinatusL.眼子菜科眼子菜属√√√√√√√√65沉水型小茨藻NajasminorAll茨藻科茨藻属√√√√√√66沉水型大茨藻NajasmarinaL.茨藻科茨藻属√√√√√√67漂浮型槐叶蘋Salvinianatans槐叶萍科槐叶萍属√√√√√√√68漂浮型紫萍Spir