北师大版高中英语必修二第6讲：Unit5-Rhythm-语法篇(学生版)

Unit5Rhythm语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1、状语从句（=1\*ROMANI）—时间和让步2、状语从句（=2\*ROMANII）—原因，结果和目的在复合句中修饰主句或主句中的某一部分作状语的从句叫状语从句。状语从句通常由从属连词或起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句根据它表达的意思不同，可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步九类。时间状语从句：主要由when,whenever,after,before,as,(ever)since,assoonas,(not)until,while,immediately,themoment等连词引导。when,while,as（当…时）的用法区别=1\*GB3①当主句谓语动词表示短暂动作，从句中的谓语动词有持续性特征时，这三者可以互换。例：Igotthenewsontheradiowhen/whileas/Iwashavingbreakfast.=2\*GB3②当主，从句的谓语动词都表示非持续性动作，而且两个动作几乎同时发生时，不用while,可用when和as。例：Imetas/whenIwasgettingoffthebus.=3\*GB3③当从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前，只能用when引导从句，不可用as或while。例：Whenyouhavefinishedyourwork,youmayhavearest.=4\*GB3④当主句谓语动词是bedoing/beabouttodo/haddone时只能用when,when在此时相当于andatthatmoment就在那时。例：TheywerewatchingtheWorldCupwhensuddenlythelightswentout.=5\*GB3⑤当主、从句的动作同时发生时，或表示对比关系，用while。例：ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,whileinfact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.=6\*GB3⑥as表示“随着”例：Astimegoeson,it’sgettingwarmerandwarmer.表示“一…就…”的结构Hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than和assoonas例：Ihadhardly/scarcelygothome,whenitbegantorain.Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.AssoonasIgothome,itbegantorain.注意：如果hardly,scarcely或nosooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。例：Hardly/ScarcelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.比较until和till=1\*GB3①until/till用于肯定句时，表示“直到…为止”，主句必须为持续性动词。例：Weshallwaituntil/tillhecomes.=2\*GB3②notuntil/till表示“直到…才”，主句通常要用短暂性动词，这时until和till可用before代替。例：Ididn’tleaveuntil/till/beforeshecameback.=3\*GB3③当notuntil位于句首时，主句中的主语，谓语要使用倒装语序。例：NotuntilshestoppedcryingdidIleave.注意：until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。名词词组引导的时间状语从句，如：everytime（每次），thenexttime（下次），themoment（一…就），theinstant（一…就），thesecond（一…就），theday（那天）等。Ididn’thaveapennythelasttimeIsawyou.since和before的用法比较：两者均可用于“It+be…+since/before+从句”的句型。区别是since表“自从…以来”，其结构是：Itis/hasbeensometimesincesb.didsth.;Itwassometimesincesb.haddonesth.。而before的含义是“过了多久才…”，结构是：Itwillbesometimebeforesb.do(es)sth.;Itwas/hadbeensometimebeforesb.didsth.。例：Itisthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.让步状语从句让步状语从句表示在某种相反的条件下，主句中的情况依然会出现。让步状语从句由although,though,as,while,however,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever,whenever,wherever,whether…or…,nomatter(who,what,etc),evenif,eventhough等词或短语引导。=1\*GB3①although/though这两个词意思是一样，都意为“虽然，尽管”。although比though正式。although,though不能与but连用，但是可以与yet,still,nevertheless连用。而while突出主句和从句的对比。例：Although/Thoughheblamesme,yetIwilltrusthim.=2\*GB3②evenif,eventhough这两个词语气比though,although强，意为“即使”，两者可以通用。例：Wewon’tbediscouragedevenif/thoughwefailtentimes.=3\*GB3③however,whatever,whenever,wherever相当于nomatter(how,what,when,where,etc)，这几个词引导的让步状语从句语气十分强烈。Nomatterhowbusyhewas,hestudiedEnglisheveryday.=4\*GB3④连词as同though一样，也可以引导让步状语从句，但从句中要用特殊语序。例：Childrenasheis,heknowsalot.原因状语从句原因状语从句是表示原因和理由的从句。引导原因状语从句的有as,because,since,now(that),consideringthat,seeingthat等。=1\*GB3①because,since,as,for的区别because语气最强，表示产生某结果的直接原因，一般置于主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，用逗号隔开，在回答why引导的特殊疑问句时，只能用because。例：Youshouldn’tgetangryonlybecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.since往往表示的是已知的客观事实，或分析后的推理，引导的从句大多置于句首，语气比because弱。例：Sinceyou’renotinterested,Iwon’ttellyouaboutit.as表示的理由最弱，只是对主句的附带说明，重点在主句。as从句通常放在主句前。例：Asyouareunabletoanswer,perhapsweshouldasksomeoneelse.for是并列连词，只用于连接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。Thedaybreaks,forthebirdsaresinging.注意：because不能与so连用=2\*GB3②now(that)（既然，因为），consideringthat,seeingthat（鉴于…的事实，考虑到…），inthat（在于，由于）例：Now(that)dinnerisready,goandwashyourhands.目的状语从句目的状语从句是表示行为目的的从句。引导目的状语从句的主要连词有sothat,inorderthat,incase,forfearthat等。=1\*GB3①inorderthat与sothat表示“为了，以便，”一般放在主句之后，inorderthat也可放在句首。从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如can,could,may,might,should等。例：Iwillspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstand.注意：当主从句的主语一致时，sothat和inorderthat引导的目的状语从句可以转换成相对应的动词不定式结构。例：Wegotupearlysothatwewouldarriveintime.=Wegotupearlysoastoarriveintime.=2\*GB3②incase,forfearthat都表示“以免，以防，唯恐”，含有否定意义。Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.结果状语从句结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句。引导结果状语从句的连词有：sothat,so…that,such…that等。结果状语从句经常至于主句之后。sothat,suchthat。其中sothat最为常用，so或that常用于口语或非正式文体中；suchthat可以连用，意思是“如此…以至于”。例：Whathashappenedthatyoulooksoworried?so…that如此…以至于…。其引导的结果状语从句有如下四种结构：=1\*GB3①so+形容词/副词+that从句例：Thevillageissosmallthatitcannotbeshowninthemap.=2\*GB3②so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句例：Itwassohotadaythattheyallwentswimming.=3\*GB3③so+many/few+复数名词+that从句例：IhavehadsomanyfallsthatI’mblackandblueallover.=4\*GB3④so+much/little+不可数名词+that从句例：IhadsolittlemoneythenthatIcouldn’tevenaffordausedcar.such…that如此…以至于…。其引导的结果状语从句有以下三种结构：=1\*GB3①such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句Jennyissuchaclevergirlthatallofuslikeherverymuch.=2\*GB3②such+形容词+复数名词+that从句Hemadesuchrapidprogressthattheteacherpraisedhim.提示：“such+a/an+形容词+单数名词”结构，可以和“so+形容词+a/an+单数名词”结构互换。例：Hetoldussuchafunnystorythatwealllaughed.=Hetoldussofunnyastorythatwealllaughed.注意：有些时间，地点，条件，方式或让步等状语从句中，如果谓语含有be，主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it，常把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分（特别是be）省略掉。例1.It’smucheasiertomakefriends_____youhavesimilarinterests.unlesswheneventhoughsothat例2._____small,thecompanyhasabout1.000buyersinover30countries.AsIfAlthoughOnce例3.Thepoliceofficersinmycityworkhard_____therestofuscanliveasafelife.incaseasifinorderthatonlyif例4.Afterayear,doctorsdiagnosedhimwithadiseasesorare_____itaffectsjustonein8millionchildren.A.afterB.thatC.asD.since例5.（2015北京石景山高三第一学期期末）—Areyoufreenow?Ihavesomethinginterestingtotellyou.—OK,_____youmakeitshort.Youknow,Iambusy.A.nowthatB.assoonasC.everytimeD.aslongas基础演练一，选词填空。Itwas__________(notuntil/until)midnightthathewentbackhomeaftertheexperiment.You’dbettertakedownallthekeypoints__________(unless/while)thememoryisstillfreshinyourmind.Howcanyouexpecttomakeprogress__________(before/when)youneverlisteninclass?Hesmiledpolitely__________(asif/though)Maryapologizedforherdrunkenfriends.Ihadhardlygottotheoffice__________(when/while)mywifep____honedmetogobackhomeatonce.Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears__________(as/before)itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.__________(While/Once/Until)IalwaysfeltIwouldpasstheexam,IneverthoughtIwouldgetanA.Hot__________(as/whatever)thenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.__________(Since/Although/Because)hepromisedthathewouldn’tbelate,hedidn’tarriveuntiltheendoftheparty.—Don’tyouthinkthenewjobisarealchallengeforJack?—Well,__________(whichever/whatever)difficultieshemeets,Ibelievehewillneverloseheart.巩固提高二，单项选择。One’slifehasvalue_____onebringsvaluetothelifeofothers.sothat B.nomatterhow C.aslongas D.expectthat（2015北京东城高三一模）You’dbetterpreparesomecandlesathome_____thepowerfails.inwinter.Eventhough B.incase C.aslongas D.inorderthat（2015北京东城高三二模）______youknowhimwell,youwillfindhimeasytobearoundandthoughtful.However B.Though C.Once D.Before（2015北京通州高三二模）Theresultsofthevotingwillremainsecret_____theyareannouncednextWednesday.until B.unless C.after D.when（2015北京通州高三一模）_____youstarteatinginahealthierway,weightcontrolwillbecomemucheasier.Unless B.Although C.Before D.Once一，单项选择。1.Thenumberofpeoplewho____Englishasaforeignlanguage____morethan750million.A.learns;is B.learn;are C.learns;are D.learn;is2.Hikingis____greatfun.Youwillgetcloseto____natureandtakeexerciseatthesametime.A.a;the B.a;不填 C.不填；the D.不填；不填3.Thereasonhecouldnotgotherewashisgradesweretoolow.A.why;because B.why;that C.forwhich;which D.forwhich;不填4.Allthevillagersthefightagainstthebigflood,youngandold,menandwomen.A.joined;including B.joinedin;containingC.joinedin;including D.joined;containing5.Whenyoufinish,pleaseputthebookbackitwas.A.where B.atwhich C.theplace D.theplacethat6.Musicis______justsound,itisawayofthinking.A.morethan B.nomorethan C.only D.notmorethan7.Heinvitedmetotakepartinthefootballgame,butIwatchit.A.wouldratherto B.wouldrather C.wouldprefer D.hadbetter8.Afteralongtripina(n)country,you’llfindyourgreatlyimproved.A.English-speaking;spokenEnglish B.spokenEnglish;English-speakingC.speaking-English;spokenEnglish D.spokenEnglish;speaking-English9.Thereusedtobenodeerintheforest,butnowtheyareveryinit.A.alive;common B.living;usual C.live;ordinary D.living;common10.Heisreallyconsideringhimselftothesechildrenofthepoormountainvillage.A.todevote;educating B.devoting;educatingC.devoting;educate D.todevote;educate11.——Tomorrow,let’shaveaswimfirstandthengofishing.——.I’llcallforyouatyourhouseat9a.m.A.Well,itdepends B.That’sagoodpointC.Well,Idon’tknow D.I’mafraidIdon’tagree12.Hedoesn’tneedtobepresent,?A.doeshe B.needshe C.musthe D.needhe13.hesays,Iwon’tbelievehimsinceIknowheisabigliar.A.NomatterwhatB.whateverC.What D.BothAandB14.Cellphonesmakepossibleforustotalktofromanywhere.A.that;anybodyB.it;anyoneC.which;anyone D.this;everyone15.ManylargeRussiancities,suchasChelybinskandIrkutsk,havetakentoprotecttheirculture.A.measureB.stepsC.behavior D.act __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一，完形填空。Praisescanreallyhelpothersseethemselvesfortheirnaturalabilitiesandbelieveinwhattheyareandwhattheycanbecome.46,wemustbeverycarefulwiththelabels(称号),ortheycanbackfire（产生反作用）onus.Ifapersonis47identified(被等同于)withthesamelabel,hemay_48tobelievethatheonlyhasworthashelivesuptothatlabel.Asoftenaspossibleweshouldpraisespecific（具体的）actions,49thewordsneverandalways.Inthiswaywedon'ttieapersontoo50withalabel.Herearesomeexamples:"I'm51thatyoualreadyhaveyourhomeworkdone.Doesn'titmakeyoufeelgoodwhenyouworkso52?"Ratherthan"Youalwaysgetyourhomeworkdoneontime.Youareso53thatyouneverhaveanyproblemswithit,"whichgiveshiman54goaltoreach.Noonealwaysgetshishomeworkdoneontimewithoutany55."Thatwassoniceofyouto56yourballwithyourlittlebrother.Youreallymadehimhappy."Ratherthan"Youalwaysshareyour57.Youarethemostthoughtful（体贴人的）personIknow."Noonealwaysshares,58doeshehaveto.We59toknowwearestillgoodpeople,60wedon'tshare100%ofthetimeandevenwhenwehavetimeswedon't61helpingothers."Thankyoufordoingthedishestonight,eventhoughitwasn'tyour62.Itmeanssomuchthatyouwoulddothemforme."Ratherthan"Youarealways_63.Youneverletanyone_64_whentheyneed65."Noonecanalwaysbeallthingstoallpeople.Ifwegivethatkindofreputation（名誉）toliveupto,wearesettingupsomeonetofail.1.A.Thus B.Besides C.Therefore D.However2.A.occasionally B.continually C.gradually D.definitely3.A.have B.object C.come D.cause4.A.avoiding B.using C.forgetting D.remembering5.A.attentively B.carefully C.excitedly D.closely6.A.impressed B.puzzled C.honored D.dissatisfied7.A.fast B