人教版高中英语必修四第2讲：Unit1-Women-of-achievement-语法篇(教师版)

Unit1Womenofachievement语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________要求学生掌握本单元的重点语法----主谓一致并能熟练运用相关语法知识解决相应类型的题。主谓一致是指主语和谓语要保持人称和数的一致，英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾，但当发生冲突时，意义一致原则为优先考虑的原则。语法一致原则单数Heistalkingwithhisbrother.复数Theboysareplayingfootball.就近一致原则由or/either...or.../neither...nor.../notonly...but(also)...等连接与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致①EitherIortheyareresponsiblefortheresultofthematter.②NeitherInorheisinfavourofhermarriage.由there，here引起的主语不止一个时和最邻近的主语保持一致Thereisapen，aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.意义一致原则clothing，furniture，traffic，jewellery，baggage，equipment，luggage等不可数名词单数Clothingisbadlyneededinthisfloodedarea.以s结尾的表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称的词Politicsisoftenatopicfordiscussion.表示时间、重量、距离、价格、金钱、体积等复数名词表达一个整体概念Fortymileswascoveredinasinglenight.由every，any，some，no和one，thing，body等构成的不定代词Iseverybodyheretoday?动词ing形式、动词不定式和名词性从句①Persuadinghimtojoinusseemsreallyhard.②Whateverwasleftwastakenaway.意义一致原则由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现单数①Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.②Thesingeranddanceristoattendoureveningparty.no/each/every/manya＋单数名词＋and(＋no/each/every/manya)＋单数名词Manyateacherand(manya)studenthasseenthefilm.one/everyone/each/either/thenumber＋of/thevarietyof＋复数名词Thenumberofstudentsfromthenorthissmall.意义一致原则由and连接两个并列成分表不同概念复数Steamandicearedifferentformsofwater.一些常用复数或只有复数形式的名词如arms，stairs，goods等。Thegoodsaresoldout.以s结尾的专有名词如山脉、运动会、群岛等。TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.anumberof＋名词AnumberofstudentsarefromChina.特别提醒由两部分构成的表示物体的名词，如trousers，pants，jeans，compasses(圆规)，glasses，shorts等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了apairof或two/three...pairsof来修饰，谓语动词在数上要与pair保持一致。例句①Yourglassesareverynice.②Thispairofglassesismine.③Herearesomenewpairsofshoes.“名词＋with，alongwith，togetherwith，aswellas，ratherthan，asmuchas，but，except等＋名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与第一个名词保持一致。①Tomaswellastwoofhisfriendswasinvitedtotheparty.②Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswife,istoarriveontheeveningflight.aquantityof后既可接复数名词，亦可接不可数名词。如果aquantityof接不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果接复数名词，则谓语动词通常要采用复数形式(※偶尔谓语动词用单数，属非规范用法，宜慎用)。quantitiesof后接复数名词、不可数名词，后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。Thereisasmallquantityofwaterleftinthebottle.Alargequantityofbooksareonsalenow.③Greatquantitiesoffishwerecaughtthatday.若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句，表示两个不同的概念则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念，则谓语动词用单数形式Ridingontheelephantsandrowingtheboatswerethechildren'sfavoritegames.①Whathesaysanddoesdonotagree.②Whathesaysanddoesdoesnotconcernme.what和whatever引导主语从句时谓语动词的单复数根据从句所表达的意义上的数确定例1.Thefamily________fansofJayChow,whosesongsallsoundfamiliartothemA.were B.was C.are D.is解析：根据句意“全家人都是周杰伦的粉丝，周杰伦的所有的歌曲对他们来说是熟悉的”family此次强调个体，意思为“家庭成员”故推知用复数谓语动词，如果指一个整体，用单数谓语动词。答案：C。例2.Eastofthemountain_______twotowns,________myhometown.A.lie;oneofwhichis B.lies;wherelies C.lies;oneofwhichis D.lie;oneofthemis解析：根据句意“那座山的东边坐落着两个城镇，其中之一是我的故乡”第一空处为倒装句；第二空处是非限制性定语从句。答案：A。例3.Allweneed_______asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.A.are B.was C.is D.were解析：根据句意“我们所需要的就是一小片土地，我们可以在一年中的生长季节里在那儿种植各种果树”根据题干可知all指代的是asmallpieceofland所以谓语动词要用单数形式，整句话的语境为一般现在时答案：C。例4.Thistermourclasswillhaveapicnic,butwhenandwhere______yet.A.aren’tdecided B.isn’tdecided C.haven’tbeendecided D.hasn’tbeendecided解析：根据句意“本学期，我们班要去野餐，但什么时候和去哪里还没有决定。”whenandwhere此处表示同意一件事情紧密相连的两个方面，谓语动词应该用单数；根据yet,应用现在完成时。答案：D。例5.--Didyougototheshowlastnight?--Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea______invited.A.were B.havebeen C.hasbeen D.was解析：根据句意“—昨天晚上你去看展出了吗？—这个地方的每个男孩和女孩都被邀请了”主语是everyboyandgirl，表示单数概念，故谓语动词用单数，且询问昨晚的情况，有明确的过去时间，所以应选择was答案：D。基础演练1.Allbutone________herejustnow.A.is B.was C.hasbeen D.were2.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary________tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.is B.are C.am D.be3.Alibrarywillfivethousandbooks________tothenationasagift.A.isoffered B.hasoffered C.areoffered D.haveoffered4.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory________yet.A.isnotdecided B.arenotdecided C.hasnotdecided D.havenotdecided5.Thetrousers________tome.A.belong B.belongs C.isbelonged D.arebelonged6.Thebreadandbutter________onthetable.A.is B.are C.were D.puts7.Hisfamily________alwaysquarrelingamong________.A.is;itself B.are;themselves C.is;themselves D.are;itself8.Somefolk________never________withthepresentsituation.A.is;satisfying B.are;satisfied C.are;satisfying D.are;itself9.There________somefish________intheboat.A.is;lying B.are;laying C.is;laid D.are;lying10.Allpossiblemeans________.A.hasbeentried B.havebeentried C.istobetried D.aretryingKeys:1--5DBAAA6--10ABBDB巩固提高1.Southofthevillage________alargeworks.A.is B.are C.stand D.isbuilt2.Thefirsttwoproblemsareverydifficult,________easy.A.andtherestis B.yettherestare C.hasbeensold D.buttherestare3.Everypictureexceptthesetwo________.A.hassold B.havesold C.hasbeensold D.havebeensold4.ItisIwho________thedictionarytoyou.A.haslent B.havelent C.isgoingtolend D.aregoingtolend5.Mr.Greenalongwithhischildren,________toAmerican.A.go B.hasgone C.aregoing D.havebeengone6.Penandink________bytheball-pen.A.hasreplaced B.havereplaced C.hasbeenreplace D.havebeenreplaced7.EitheryouorI________abletoattendthelecture.A.is B.am C.hasbeen D.aretobe8.Thewounded________after.A.iswelllooked B.hasbeenwelllooked C.aregoodlooked D.havebeenwelllooked9.NeitherMarynorherbrother________theconcert.A.isgoingto B.aregoingto C.isallowedinto D.areallowedto10.Onethirdofthepopulationhere________workers.A.is B.are C.has D.beKeys:1--5ADCBB6--10CBDAB用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1.(2015江西师大附中期中)AteacherofEnglishandclassteacher________(tell)ussomethingaboutvolunteerworkersnow.2.(2015山东威海期中)Whenandwherethistookplace________(be)stillunknown.3.(2015长沙二模)Everymeans________(try)，butnoneprovedsuccessful.4.(2015江苏苏锡常镇四市调研一)WeiboaswellasWeChat________(serve)asamediaplatformforpeopletosharetheirthoughtsinstantlywithoutlimitsofplaceortime.5.(2015河南开封第一次摸底)--Hey!Hereisamessageonmycellphone,tellingmethatIhavewonthefirstprizeofaweekendfortwoinParis.--Deleteit!It'satrick.Manyaperson________(cheat)bysuchtricks.6.(2015太原测评)Onesurveyshowsthatlargequantitiesofwater________(be)wastedeveryyearinChina，andthatonethirdisavailabletobesaved.7.(2015甘肃兰州、张掖联合诊断)Hankaswellastheotherchildrenwhohavenoparents________(take)goodcareofinthecenter.8.(2015河北邯郸调研)Whattheteacherofthescienceclassdoesandsays________(be)ofgreatimportancetothestudentsatcollege.9.(2015太原五中第一学期测试)Childrenarenotrecommendedtoseesuchfilmsas________(be)badfortheirmentaldevelopment.10.(2015东营模拟)Theyoung________(eat)upalmosteverything；oneandahalfbananas________(be)leftonthetable.11.(2015郑州模拟)ThewriterandteacherSmith________(go)throughmillionsofupsanddownssincehemovedtoSydney.12.(2015郑州模拟)There________(be)atable，fourchairs，threebikesinthecourtyard，inthemiddleofwhich________twotalltreeswithgreatshade.13.(2015东营模拟)Thesecretaryandheadmasteroftheschool________(attend)themeeting.14.(2015江苏盐城3月二模)--Canyougetmesomeofthenovels?--Byallmeans.Allbutoneofthem________(publish)inourcompany.15.(2015安徽名校联考Ⅰ)--Jeremyratherthanhisfriends________(blame)fortheaccident.--Absolutely.Heshouldn'thavedrivenafterbeingdrunk.Keys:1.istelling 2.is3.hasbeentried4.serves5.hasbeencheated6.are 7.istaken 8.is 9.are10.haveeaten;hasbeen11.hasgone 12.is;are13.istoattend14.werepublished15.istoblame__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一、单项选择1.Iaswellasthey________helpyou.A.arereadyto B.isreadyfor C.amreadyfor D.arereadyfor2.Agreatnumberofstudents________swimming.A.isfondof B.arefondof C.willbefondof D.werefondof3.Nothisfather,buthisbrothers________inWuhan.A.hasbeen B.havecome C.lives D.live4.Whethershe’scomingornot________toomuch.A.matter B.doesn’tmatter C.don’tmatter D.mattersabout5.Iwishshe________heretoshareinmyjoynow.A.is B.were C.hadbeen D.cancome6.--Wouldyoulikesomemoreoranges?--No,thanks,Ithinkthere________enoughforme.A.is B.are C.hadbeen D.hasbeen7.Thepriceofthetwobikes________low.A.is B.are C.has D.have8.TheworksofLuXun,ofcourse,________worthstudying.A.is B.are C.has D.have9.Anybodywho________anythingcanseethatthiselephantislikeasnake.A.knew B.knows C.know D.hasknown10.Howtogetthosebooks________tous.A.isunknown B.areunknowns C.hasunknown D.haveunknown11.Themurdererhasrunaway.Thepolice________him.A.isrunningafter B.islookingfor C.arerunningafter D.issearching12.Thenumberofthecollegestudents________everyyear.A.rises B.rise C.raise D.areraised13.Ithinkheistheonlyoneofthosewho________fortheposition.A.fit B.fits C.arefit D.isfit14.Sheisoneofthe________writerswho________storiesforchildren.A.woman;write B.women;write C.woman;writes D.women;writes15.There________agroupofchildren________loudlyoutsidetheroom.A.was;talking B.were;totalk C.was;totalk D.were;weretalking16.Theprofessorandwriter________togiveusareport.A.is B.isaboutgoing C.aregoing D.havecome17.Mymaths________allright.what________memostisEnglish.A.are;worried B.seem;isworrying C.is;worries D.seems;worry18.Noneofthem________agooddancer.A.is B.are C.become D.were19.________haveanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.A.Eachofus B.Nooneofus C.Everyoneofus D.Weeach20.NobodybutMaryandI________intheroomatthetime.A.am B.was C.were D.hadbeen二、作文你的英国朋友Chris目前在北京学习汉语，他对中国传统文化非常感兴趣。本周五下午你校将要举办一个文化讲座，请你根据以下信息提示给他写一封电子邮件，邀请他来参加。1.农业大学张教授讲解中国茶文化的历史和传播；2.讲座后有交流和品茶活动；3.你将陪同Chris并帮其翻译讲解。注意：词数不少于50；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。HiChris,Yours,Joe三、阅读理解NotallbodiesofwateraresoevidentlyaliveastheAtlanticOcean,anS-shapedbodyofwatercovering33millionsquaremiles.TheAtlantichas,inasense,replacedtheMediterraneanastheinlandseaofWesterncivilization.Unlikerealinlandseas,whichseemstrangelystill,theAtlanticisrichinoceanicliveliness.Itisperhapsnotsurprisingthatitsvitalityhasbeenmuchwrittenaboutbyancientpoets.“StormatSea”,ashortpoemwrittenaround700,isgenerallyregardedasoneofmankind’searliestartisticrepresentationsoftheAtlantic.WhenthewindisfromthewestAllthewavesthatcannotrestTotheeastmustthunderonWherethebrighttreeofthesunIsrootedintheocean’sbreast.Asthepoemsuggests,theAtlanticisneverdeadanddull.Itisanoceanthatmoves,impressivelyandendlessly.Itmakesallkindsofnoise—itisforeverthundering,boiling,crashing,andwhistling.ItiseasytoimaginetheAtlantictryingtodrawbreath—perhapsnotsonoticeablyoutinmid-ocean,butwhereitmeetsland,itswatersbathingupanddownasandybeach.Itmimics(模仿)nearlyperfectlythesteadybreathingofalivingcreature.Itisfilledwithsymbioticexistences,too;unimaginablequantitiesofcreatures,littleandlargealike,mixwithinitsdepthsinakindofoceanicharmony,givingtothewatersafeelingofheartbeat,akindofsub-oceanvitality.Andithasapsychology.Ithaspersonalities:sometimespeacefulandpleasant,onrareoccasio