高中英语必修1Unit3Section3课时达标训练

[语法初识]原句感知自主探究①Peopletendtoloveagriculturalproductsgrownwithouttheuseoffertilizers,pesticidesorchemicaladditives.②Thisprojectdesignedtohelplandlesspeoplejustdidn'tworkoutasplanned.③Theyarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.④Wesawabandonedfarmswhichwerebuiltmorethanahundredyearsago.⑤Hesmokedmanycigarettesadayuntilhegaveup.⑥IbrokemyrelationshipwithJohnbecausehealwaysfoundfaultwithme.1.①～④句中的过去分词(短语)在句中作定语。2．①②句中为过去分词短语作定语，放在所修饰的名词之后，相当于一个定语从句。3．③④句中为单个过去分词作定语，常放在所修饰的词前面。4．⑤⑥句中谓语动词用过去时，表示动作发生在过去。5．一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如句⑤。6．一般过去时也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作，与often,always等连用，如句⑥。[语法剖析]语法点一过去分词作定语的位置1．过去分词作定语的位置单个的过去分词作定语通常放在被修饰词之前，分词短语作定语则放在被修饰的词之后。过去分词短语有时还可以作非限制性定语，前面常用逗号与被修饰的成分隔开，相当于一个非限制性定语从句。Awatchedpotneverboils.心急锅不开。Thesuggestionsenttothemitteewasadopted.呈送给委员会的建议被采纳了。FengXiaogang,recognized(whowasrecognized)bymanyasaleadingdirector,lefthishandprintattheTCLChineseTheatre.冯小刚被很多人认为是一流的导演，他把手印留在了好莱坞TCL中国大剧院。[名师点津](1)有些单个的过去分词，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)等要放在所修饰词的后面。Aftertherobberytherewasnothingleftfortheman.遭到抢劫之后，这个人身无分文。(2)有些过去分词作前置和后置定语时意义不同。如：aconcernedmother一位担心的母亲allpeopleconcerned所有有关人士theissuesinvolved有关问题aninvolvedstyle复杂的样式themeasureadopted所采取的措施anadoptedchild被收养的孩子(3)及物动词的过去分词作定语，往往具有完成和被动含义；不及物动词的过去分词，只表示完成，没有被动含义；有些过去分词只有被动而无完成意义；有些过去分词已变为形容词，既没被动也无完成意义。smokedfish熏鱼(被动、完成)afallenleaf落叶(完成，无被动)anrespectedteacher受人尊敬的老师(被动，无完成)asatisfiedsmile一个满意的微笑(无被动，无完成)集中演练11－1.单句语法填空①Themethodused(use)isveryefficient.②Allthebroken(break)windowshavebeenrepaired.③Theexcited(excite)peoplethrewtheirhatsintotheair,shouting(shout)andlaughing(laugh)．④Halfoftheguestsinvited(invite)tothereceptionwereforeignambassadors.1－2.单句改错⑤Chinaisadevelopedcountry.developed→developing⑥Thisisacarusedworthonly5，000yuan.car_used→used_car⑦Thereisalittlelefttime.Let'shurryup.left_time→time_left⑧Doyouknowthemanseatingonthatstone?seating→seated⑨Iwanttoseethemanbrokethewindow.man后加who1－3.句型转换⑩IsthisthebookwhichwaswrittenbyHenryJames?→IsthisthebookwrittenbyHenryJames?⑪Theman,disturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.→Theman,whohadbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.2．过去分词(短语)、现在分词(短语)及动词不定式(短语)作定语的区别过去分词(短语)作定语表示被动、已完成的动作(尤其是及物动词的过去分词)；现在分词(短语)作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作；不定式(短语)作定语表示将要发生的动作。Moneyspentismorethanmoneyearned.花的钱比挣的钱多。Mostofthepeoplesingingwerewomen.唱歌的人中，大部分是女性。Nobodyknowsthetopictobediscussedtomorrow.没人知道明天要讨论的话题。集中演练22－1.单句语法填空①Themeetingheld(hold)yesterdaywasimportant.②Fatherlookedatthechildwithapleased(please)expression.③Doyouknowthenumberofpeopleing(e)totheparty?④Heexpressedhiswishto_visit(visit)theGreatWall.⑤Telltheboysplaying(play)therenottomakesomuchnoise.2－2.完成句子⑥在农村工作的同志将于后天回来。Theradesworking_in_the_countrysidewillebackthedayaftertomorrow.⑦他们建了一条通向山里的公路。Theybuiltahighwayleading_into_the_mountains.⑧这是历史上从未听说过的事。Thisissomethingunheard_of_in_history.⑨明天要做的那个实验很重要。Theexperimentto_be_done_tomorrowisveryimportant.⑩这本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者用。Thisbook,written_in_simple_English,_issuitableforbeginners.语法点二一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时主要用来表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，但更多的是通过上下文来表明时间。其用法主要体现在以下几个方面：1．一般过去时表示过去某一时刻或者某一段时间发生的动作或者状态。时间状语有yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1992,until,since,when从句等。Mr.Smithcametoseeyoujustnow.史密斯先生刚才来找过你。Thelivefootballmatchwasbroadcastlastnight.足球直播是昨天晚上进行的。2．表示过去的习惯动作，通常同时间状语或者频度状语如often,always,usually等连用。WhenIwasaboy,Ioftenwenttoplayinthatpark.当我还是个小男孩时，常去那个公园玩。WhenLiPingwasyoung,hewouldworkonthefarm.李平年轻时，常在农场干活。3．有些情况，没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但可根据语境判断出动作发生在过去，应用过去时态。Ididn'tknowyouweresobusy.我事先不知道你这么忙。Ithoughtyouwereout.我以为你出去了。集中演练33－1.单句语法填空①—Haveyoureadthenovel?—Yes.Iread(read)itthreetimeswhileIwasinuniversity.②Wesolved(solve)theputerproblem,andgotbackonlinetocontinueourresearch.③—Don'tusethecellphoneinthegasstation,sir.Itisdangerous!—Oh,Ididn't_know(not,know)that.Sorry,Iwon'tdoitagain.④—Jenniferisnotathomenow.ShehasgonetoAfricatoundertakeanadventure.—Oh,couldyoutellmewhensheleft(leave)?⑤Annereceived(receive)aCTscanandisnowwaitinganxiouslyfortheresult.3－2.完成句子⑥第一次我见到托帝时，他正在英语角与许多学生交谈。The_first_time_I_sawTodd,hewastalkingtosomestudentsattheEnglishcorner.⑦——我们的英语老师现在从英国回来了。——是，她在那里待了三个月。－OurEnglishteacherisbackhomefromBritainnow.－Yes,she_was_there_for_just_three_months．⑧昨天他很忙，要不然就会帮助你做实验的。He_was_busy_yesterday,_orhewouldhavehelpedyouwithyourexperiment.⑨——我听说丽莎和她的丈夫飞往夏威夷度蜜月。——哦，真好！你知道他们什么时候离开的？—IhearLizaandherhusbandhaveflowntoHawaiifortheirhoneymoon.—Oh,hownice!Doyouknowwhen_they_left?⑩我本可以早点来，但是我不知道你在等我。Iwouldhaveeearlier,butI_didn't_know_that_you_were_waiting_for_me.[链接高考]单句语法填空1．(2015·北京高考)Theparkwasfullofpeopleenjoying(enjoy)themselvesinthesunshine.解析：句意：这个公园挤满了人，在阳光下他们玩得很尽兴。本题非谓语动词的逻辑主语是people，人们玩得开心为主动的，因此用现在分词作后置定语。2．(2015·江苏高考)Therealreasonwhypriceswere(be)andstillare,toohighisplex,andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilyexplainthisproblem.解析：句意：过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂，简短的讨论解释这一问题无法让人满意。根据题干中“andstillare”的提示可知过去价格也居高不下，故用一般过去时，表示过去的状态。3．(2015·湖南高考)Iwasn'tabletohidemyeagernesswhenIasked(ask)“Whatdoyouwishmetodonow？”解析：句意：我不能隐藏我的渴望，当我问道，“你现在希望我做些什么？”一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。此题主句的时态为一般过去时，表示这个事情和动作发生在过去，故从句时态也要用一般过去时。4．(2015·重庆高考)—IsPetering?—No,hechanged(change)hismindafteraphonecallatthelastminute.解析：句意：“彼得来了吗？”“没有，他刚才接到一个后改变主意了。”根据atthelastminute在最后一秒可能发生在过去，故用一般过去时。5．(2014·北京高考)Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeoplewatching(watch)theopeningceremonyliveonTV.解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句子中关键词therewere可知，空处填定语成分，此处people和watch之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。6．(2014·北京高考)Therearestillmanyproblemsto_be_solved(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.解析：考查非谓语动词。根据后面foralongstayontheMoon可知，我们有很多将来要解决的问题，表示将来的动作用不定式作定语，又因为问题被解决，所以用不定式的被动式。7．(2014·浙江高考)AnnieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurseappointed(appoint)toguardher.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：……安妮被一个“指定”给她的护士照看。nurse和appoint之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，表被动及完成。8．(2014·重庆高考)Theproduceresregularlytocollectthecamerasreturned(return)toourshopforqualityproblems.解析：句意：厂商定期回收因质量问题退回来的相机。camera是“退回”的承受者，应使用过去分词。9．(2014·福建高考)—Haven'tseenyouforages!Wherehaveyoubeen?—IwenttoNingxiaandstayed(stay)thereforoneyear,teachingasavolunteer.解析：and连接并列谓语。and之前是一般过去时。所以and之后也要用一般过去时。10．(2013·全国卷Ⅰ)Theymightjusthaveaplaceleft(leave)onthewritingcourse—whydon'tyougiveitatry?解析：考查非谓语动词作后置定语。句意：写作课还有一个名额，你为何不去试试呢？havesth.left表示“有……留下、余下”。11．(2013·重庆高考)IfeltverytiredwhenIgothome,andwent(go)straighttobed.解析：句意：当我到家时感到很疲倦，所以就直接上床睡觉了。句子描述的是发生在过去的事，故用一般过去时。12．(2013·山东高考)Ididn'tthinkI'dlikethemovie,butactuallyitwas(be)prettygood.解析：整个句子的语境是过去时，因为是didn'tthink，同时有but连接句子，时态前后要保持一致。13．(2013·安徽高考)I'mcallingabouttheapartmentyouadvertised(advertise)theotherday.Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit?解析：句意：我打咨询你昨天做广告的那所公寓。根据theotherday可知，该空白为一般过去时态。[针对演练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thecaptainaswellashisteamwas(be)interviewedshortlyaftertheywonthegoldmedal.2．—Idon'tthinkyouhaveseenthenewfilmCinderella.—ButIsaw(see)itlastnight.3．—Lindalookshappy.Shemusthaveperformedwellatthejobinterviewyesterday.—Butinfactshedidn't(not)．4．—Whymustwegetupsoearly?—Ifwemissed(miss)theflightwewouldhavetostayhereforanotherweek.5．Fornearlytenyears,hedid(do)veryfewinterviewsorconcerts.Hissimplelifemighthavecontinuedbutforthegreatmusician.6．Duringtheweekend,thehealthclubisusuallyfullofpeopletrying(try)togetinshape.7．Chinaisoneofthedevelopingcountriesbelonging(belong)tothethirdworld.8．Theprofessorreferred(refer)toatthemeetingwillgiveusalecturenextweek.9．Asfortheplansomeagreewhileothersdon't.I'moneofthoseopposed(oppose)toit.10．Itishopedthatthisprojectto_be_acplished(acplish)bytheendof2010willbeapopulartouristattractionofthecity.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Thestudentsencouragingbytheteacherworkedevenharder.encouraging→encouraged2．Theproblemisdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday.is→was3．Theinjuredworkersusedtobeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.being→be4．Themachinewasproducedlastyearisveryexpensive.去掉was5．TheexcitingchildrenareopeningtheirChristmaspresents.exciting→excited6．Thepopularbooksarewrittenbyafarmerinhisthirties.are→wereⅢ.句型转换1．Theoldmandiedyesterday.Hewasrespectedbyallofus.→Theoldmanwho/thatwasrespectedbyallofusdiedyesterday.2．Thereareafewboysswimmingintheriver