备考2025届高考英语一轮复习讲义第一部分过透教材Unit4BodyLanguage新人教版选择性必修第一册

Unit4BodyLanguageThesignificanceofnonverbalcommunicationcan’tbeignored.Appropriategesturescanbeveryusefulforinteraction.Bycomparisonwithverbalcommunication，bodylanguageismoregenuinebecauseitcanrevealourinternalthoughtsandfeelings.Butbodylanguageisnotalwaysreliable.Peoplemayadjusttheirexpressionstohidetheirtruefeelings.Forexample，afakesmilecanbeemployedtohidefeelingslikebeingashamedorembarrassed.Therefore，weshoulddistinguishrealfeelingsfrombodylanguagewewitnesswithcare.Generally，bodylanguageisuniversal.Forexample，asinceresmilecanbreakdownlanguagebarriers，butsomegesturesvaryfromculturetoculture.Togreetothers，somemayshakehandsorbowfromthewaistwhileothersfavourkissingpeopleonthecheek.Besides，anidenticalgesturemaydemonstratedifferentmeanings.Forexample，thumbsup，thewidelyrecognizedsigntoapprove，isactuallyinterpretedashighlyoffensiveincertaincountries.Toavoidconflicts，wemustlearnaboutthegesturesbeforewecallonsomebodyinanewplace.1varyvi.（依据状况）变更；变更；（大小、形态等）相异1.[北师必修①－1]Ialsoshopforvarious（vary）thingsonline，suchasbooks，computerhardwareandothernecessities.2.WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootonthecontinentofNorthAmerica，theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvariety（vary）ofwildlife.3.Roomsvaryinsizeandsomeareequippedwithatelevisionandtelephone.4.学校有各种各样的俱乐部，激励学生发展爱好爱好。 （爱好爱好）→①Theschoolhasvariousclubs，encouragingstudentstodeveloptheirinterests.（various）→②Thereisavarietyofclubs/Therearevarietiesofclubsintheschooltoencouragestudentstodeveloptheirinterests.（variety）5.对这件事的看法因人而异。Opinionsonthismattervaryfrompersontoperson.（vary）点拨本句可用于观点类书面表达的写作中，后面跟some...others...，用来介绍不同或对立的观点。★varyfrom...to...依据……的不同而变更varyfrom...to/varybetween...and...从……到……不等varyin...在……方面不同varywith...随……而变更★variousadj.各种各样的★varietyn.不同种类；变更；多样化avarietyof＝varietiesof＝various各种各样的2approvevi.赞成；同意vt.批准；通过1.Manyyoungsters（少年）nowmeasuretheirstatusbyhowmuchpublicapproval（approve）theygetonline，oftenthrough"likes".2.SomeofthemapproveoftheideathatitisgoodtostartlearningEnglishinchildhood.3.Herparentsapprovedofherearning（earn）moneyinhersparetime，warninghernottoneglectherstudies.4.假如我的申请能得到您的批准，我将不胜感谢。 （申请信）Iwouldappreciateitifmyapplicationcouldgetyourapproval.点拨Iwouldappreciateitif...假如……我将不胜感谢。留意主从句都要用一般过去时，表示委婉的恳求。★approveof...赞成……；同意……approveof（sb./sb.’s）doingsth.同意/赞成（某人）做某事★disapprovev.不同意approvaln.同意；赞成；批准3witnessvt.当场看到；目击；见证n.目击者；证人1.TheAncientSilkRoadisawitnesstotheSino-Europeanexchangesoverthousandsofyears.2.警方呼吁凡是目击这一事务的人都要与他们联系。Policehavecalledonanyonewhowitnessedtheincidenttocontactthem.3.过去的几十年见证了在线新闻媒体的快速发展。→①Thepastdecadeshavewitnessedtherapiddevelopmentofonlinenewsmedia.（witnessv.）→②Thepastdecadeshavebeenawitnesstotherapiddevelopmentofonlinenewsmedia.（witnessn.）★witnesssth.目击/目睹某事★be（a）witnesstosth.目击；望见；见证bear/givewitnessto为……作证；证明4favourvt.较宠爱；选择；有利于n.帮助；恩惠；赞同1.Igenerallyfavourrunning（run）intheearlymorning，whentheroadsarequiet.2.Itgavemeabigthrilltomeetmyfavourite（favour）authorinperson.3.毋庸置疑，机遇和胜利往往青睐那些有打算的人。 （读后续写之主旨升华）Undoubtedly，opportunitiesandsuccesstendtofavourthosewhoareready.4.我们真诚地希望你能帮我们一个忙，把我们英语课本上的一个故事改编成短剧。（求助信）WesincerelyhopeyoucandousafavourandhelpadaptastoryfromourEnglishtextbookforashortplay.★favourdoingsth.更宠爱做某事★dosb.afavour帮某人的忙asksb.afavour＝askafavourofsb.恳求某人帮忙infavourof赞成；支持★favourableadj.有利的；良好的；赞成的favouriteadj.特别受宠爱的5distinguishvi.&vt.区分；辨别vt.使出众；使著名1.[人教选必④－1]Itwouldnotbesurprisingifwefounditdifficulttodistinguishbetweenrealityandsciencefictioninthefuture.2.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent，ambition，energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguished（distinguish）writer.3.杭州以其迷人的风景而著名，每年都有大批游客前来巡游。 （景点介绍）Distinguishedforitsattractivescenery，Hangzhouwitnesseslargenumbersoftouristseveryyear.（witness，过去分词短语作状语）4.读好书不仅能丰富我们的思想，还能教会我们辨别是非。（演讲稿）Readinggoodbookscannotonlyenrichourmindsbutalsoteachustodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.★distinguish...from...使……有别于……；从……区分……distinguishbetween...and...区分……和……distinguishoneself（as/by...）（作为/因……）出众；著名bedistinguishedfor/as...因为/作为……而著名★distinguishedadj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的6ashamedadj.惭愧；惭愧；因惭愧而不情愿1.Ireallyfeltashamedofmyselffailingtolendahandtomyneighbourwhenheaskedmeafavour.2.Everystudentshouldkeepinmindthatit’swrongandshameful（shame）tocheatinexams！3.Iamashamedtoadmit（admit）thatIliedtomybestfriend.4.ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered，andit’sashamethatIdon’thavemuchuseforit.5.我既尴尬又惭愧，无法集中精力做任何事情。 （读后续写之心理描写）Embarrassedandashamed，Ican’tconcentrateonanything.（形容词作状语）★be/feelashamedof...为……感到惭愧beashamedtodosth.耻于做某事；不情愿做某事★shamen.惭愧；惭愧；让人缺憾的事Itisashamethat...真惋惜……★shamefuladj.可耻的；不风光 的7adjustvt.调整；调整vi.&vt.（使）适应；（使）习惯1.Flexiblepeoplearehighlyadaptableandcanadjustquicklytonewsituations.2.Someschoolswillhavetomakeadjustments（adjust）inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.点拨inagreementwith意为"同意，与……一样"，"in＋名词＋with"可看作复合介词，类似的词很多。例如：incommonwith与……有共同之处；incompanywith与……一起；incomparisonwith与……比较。3.Adjustyourlanguagetotheageofyouraudience.4.Soafterthecamp，Irealisedthatitwasveryimportanttoadjustmylifestyle（调整我的生活方式特别重要）.5.作为交换生，我花了很长时间才适应澳大利亚的生活。→①Asanexchangestudent，ittookmealongtimetoadjusttolivinginAustralia.（take，adjustto）→②Asanexchangestudent，IspentalongtimeadjustingmyselftothelifeinAustralia.（spend，adjustoneselftosth.）★adjust...to...调整……以适应……adjustto（doing）sth.习惯/适应（做）某事adjustoneselftosth.使自己适应某事★adjustmentn.调整；适应makeadjustments/anadjustment（to...）（对……）做出调整★adjustableadj.可调整的8breakdown打倒，砸破；（使）分解；（机器）损坏，出故障；（谈判等）失败，突然停止；被搞垮，垮掉；消退结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义1.[外研必修②－6]Ittakeshundredsofyearsforplastictobreakdown，butmuchlesstimeforpaper. （使）分解2.[外研选必③－4]That’sanoldfacility.Therobotstherewereboundtobreakdownsoonerorlater. 出故障3.Asmilecanbreakdownbarriers.Wecanuseasmiletoapologise，togreetsomeone，toaskforhelp，ortostartaconversation. 消退4.Newsreportssaypeacetalksbetweenthetwocountrieshavebrokendownwithnoagreementreached. （谈判等）失败5.Hishealthhascompletelybrokendownunderthestressofheavywork. 垮掉9callon（短暂地）访问；要求（某人讲话等）；正式邀请1.[外研必修②－6]WearewritingthislettertocalloneveryonetotakepartintheClearYourPlatecampaign.点拨callonsb.todosth.结构可用于倡议类书面表达的写作中。2.Theconferencehadbeeneventuallycalledoff，sowewenthomeinstead.3.Workinginspacecallsforaspecialcombinationofskill，talentandbraveryaswellasphysicalandmentalstrength.4.Carswithseriousfaultshavebeencalledinbythemanufacturers.★calloff取消callup给……打电话；使想起callatsp.访问/探望（某地）；停靠callfor须要；（公开）要求callin叫来；打来电话；下令收回10部分否定1.虽然网上购物变更了我们的生活，但并非全部的影响都是主动的。→①Whileonlineshoppinghaschangedourlife，notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.（not修饰主语）→②Whileonlineshoppinghaschangedourlife，allofitseffectshaven’tbeenpositive.（not修饰谓语）2.缺憾的是，并不是每个人都意识到野生动物有同等的生存权利。→①Unfortunately，noteveryonehasrealisedthatwildlifehasequalrightstosurvive.（not修饰主语）→②Unfortunately，everyonehasnotrealisedthatwildlifehasequalrightstosurvive.（not修饰谓语）点拨在部分否定结构中，not既可以修饰主语，也可以修饰谓语，not的位置不影响意义的表达。3.科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭的理论，但都没有得到证明。Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscry，noneofwhichhasbeenproved.（"代词＋ofwhich"引导的定语从句）4.汤姆请杰克和彼得和他一起去听音乐会，但他们都不想去。TomasksJ