2023-2024学年北京市丰台区高二（下）期末英语试题（含答案）

第1页/共11页2024北京丰台高二（下）期末英语笔试(共三部分100分)第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。WhenGertrudeGrewGreatGertrudewasjustanaveragekidwithanaveragelife.Athome,shehelpedoutjustenoughtoslideby.Atschool,shedidjustenoughhomeworktostayoutof1.ShehadstraightC'sinallofherclasses.OnedayGertrude'steacherstoppedherafterclass.“Gertrude,”hesaid,“I'veseentheworkyoudoinclass,andsomeofitis2.”Gertrudeknewthereweremomentswhenshedidtryalittleharderthanwhateveryone3,likewhenshetookextratimewithherhomeworktomakeitlookfancy.Butshedidn'treallybelievethatshecouldchange.Shehaddonejustenoughto4forsolong.Infact,shewasscaredbythethoughtofhavingthepowertobecomewhatevershewanted.Thatnight,Gertrudehadadream.Itwastenyearsintothefuture.Shecouldnotfindanaveragejob,becauseeventheaveragejobswere5byabove-averageworkers.Gertrudewantedherownplace,herownlife.Avoicespokeinthedream:“Thepresentisnothingmorethanthe6ofthechoicesmadeinthepast.Thefuturewillonlybetheresultsofthechoiceswemaketoday.”Gertrudebegancrying,becausesheknewshehadhelped7theworldwhereshelived,andthechoicesshemadehadproducedtheoptionsshehad.Thenextday,shetriedharderinschool,andshefelt8thanusual.Shehelpedmorearoundthehouse,andshefeltbetterthantypical.SoonthepatternofSuccess9thatofbeingnormalandGertrudeevenbecamegreatatfailingbylearningfromhermistakes.Tenyearslater,Gertrudelivedinanaveragesizedhouseandshewasjusttheaverageadult.Buther10wasaboveaverage,becauseherlifewashers.1A.order B.trouble C.sight D.debt2.A.challenging B.amusing C.amazing D.encouraging3.A.learned B.insistedC.expected D.complained4.A.getby B.givein C.showup D.standout5.A.filled B.offered C.refused D.valued6.A.chance B.risk C.rewardD.outcome7.A.lead B.shape C.better D.protect8.A.smarter B.sadder C.calmer D.freer9.A.followedB.covered C.produced D.replaced10.A.independence B.happinessC.confidence D.gratitude第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AJulesVerne(1828-1905)isregardedasoneofthefathersofsciencefiction.He11(pen)54novelsaspartofhis“ExtraordinaryVoyages”series.Manyofhisstoriesfeatureabrilliantbutmadscientist12inventionsultimatelybringmoreharmthangood.CaptainNemouseshissubmarinetoviolentlyattackships,whileDr.Sarrasin'sutopiancity13(become)thetargetofatakeoverplot.ForVerne,humannaturewasthefactorthatdetermined14technologywouldbeaforceforgoodorasourceofdestruction.BTheInternationalMuseumDayrepresentsauniquemomentfortheinternationalmuseumcommunity.15(organise)eachyearon18May,thecelebrationscanlastaday,aweekendorawholeweek.Onthisday,16(participate)museumsplancreativeeventsandhighlighttheimportanceoftheroleofmuseumsasinstitutions.Now,participationinInternationalMuseumDay17(grow)amongmuseumsallovertheworld.CThesummersofmychildhoodwere18(stick)hot.Atnight,weranwindowfansandhopedforcoolerair.Butthosesummernightsseempleasantcomparedwiththeextraordinaryheatwavesnowadays.Tillthissummer,thousandsofnewrecords19(set)notjustfordailyhightemperatures,butalsoforwarmestovernightlows.Hotnightsaredangerous20theyrobpeopleofthechancetocooldownbeforethenextburningday.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AStudentVolunteerInternships2023-2024Alimitednumberofunpaidinternships(实习)areavailableinWashington,D.C.withintheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency's(EPA)OfficeofWater.Youmustbeafull-timeundergraduateorgraduatestudent.Adiversityofcandidateswithinvariousfieldsofstudyareencouragedtoapply,includingdegreecandidatesinthefollowingsubjects:·Hydrology,aquaticbiology,marinescience,environmentalengineering,geology,meteorology,soilscience,etc·Publichealth,toxicology,sanitation,environmentaljustice,etc·Publicadministration,finance,management,communications,etc.Candidatesshouldhaveademonstratedinterestorcareergoalsinawater-healthorpublic-healthrelatedfield,includingsustainabilityandresilience.Demandedqualitiesincludestronganalytical,writtenandoralskills,theabilitytoworkindependentlyandonateam,andastrongdesiretotakeinitiative.Thevolunteerinternwillworkforaminimumof12weeksonafull-time(40hoursperweek)orpart-time(20hoursperweek)schedule.Participantswillnotbepaid,butarequalifiedtoapplyforatravellingexpense.ParticipantsdonotbecomeEPAemployeesduringtheirstay.Applicationswillbeacceptedonarollingbasis;however,mostprojectswillariseforinternshipopportunitiesduringtheSummerSemester.Pleasesubmityourapplicationatleast2monthsbeforeeachsemesterbegins.Werecognizethattimeframesmayvaryduetoclassschedulesandwewillworkwithindividualcandidatestospecifyexacttiminganddurationasnecessary.Thegeneraltimeframesbysemesterareasfollows:SummerSemester(lateMaythroughlateAugust)FallSemester(SeptemberthroughDecember)SpringSemester(JanuarythroughApril)Toapply,emailaresume,coverletter,andashortwritingsample(maximum5pages)to:braschayko.kelley@.21.Accordingtothepassage,applicantsarerequiredtoA.befull-timegraduatestudentsB.speakforeignlanguagefluentlyC.havetheabilitytoworkwithteamsD.majorinapublic-healthrelatedfield22.WhatwillEPAprovideforthevolunteerinterns?A.Financialsupportfortransport.B.Personalizedworkschedules.C.Aletterofrecommendation.D.Employmentopportunities23.Whatshouldcandidatesdotoapplyfortheinternship?A.Emailyourinterntimeframes.B.Providethedegreecertificate.C.Workinateamfor12weeksD.Offerashortwritingsample.BAtanairportIoverheardanoldmanandhisdaughterintheirlastmomentstogether.Theyhadannouncedherplane'sdepartureandstandingnearthedoor,hesaidtohisdaughter,“Iloveyou,Iwishyouenough.”Shesaid,“Daddy,ourlifetogetherhasbeenmorethanenough.YourloveisallIeverneeded.Iwishyouenough,too,Daddy.”Theykissedgood-byeandsheleft.HewalkedovertowardthewindowwhereIwasseated.StandingthereIcouldseehewantedandneededtocry.Itriednottointrudeonhisprivacy,buthewelcomedmeinbyasking,“Didyoueversaygood-byetosomeoneknowingitwouldbeforever?”“Yes,Ihave,”Ireplied.SayingthatbroughtbackmemoriesIhadofexpressingmyloveandappreciationforallmyDadhaddoneforme.Recognizingthathisdayswerelimited,Itookthetimetotellhimfacetofacehowmuchhemeanttome.SoIknewwhatthismanwasexperiencing.“Forgivemeforasking,butwhyisthisaforevergood-bye?”Iasked.“Iamoldandshelivesmuchtoofaraway.Ihavechallengesaheadandtherealityis,hernexttripbackwillbeformyfuneral,"hesaid.“Whenyouweresayinggood-byeIheardyousay,'Iwishyouenough.’MayIaskwhatthatmeans?”Hebegantosmile.“That'sawishthathasbeenhandeddownfromothergenerations.Myparentsusedtosayittoeveryone.”Hepausedforamomentandlookingupasiftryingtorememberitindetail,hesmiledevenmore.“Whenwesaid'Iwishyouenough',wewerewantingtheotherpersontohavealifefilledwithenoughgoodthingstosustainthem,”hecontinuedandthenturningtowardme,hesharedthefollowingasifhewererecitingitfrommemory.“Iwishyouenoughsuntokeepyourattitudebright.Iwishyouenoughraintoappreciatethesunmore.Iwishyouenoughhappinesstokeepyourspiritalive.Iwishyouenoughpainsothatthesmallestjoysinlifeappearmuchbigger.Iwishyouenoughgaintosatisfyyourwanting.Iwishyouenoughlosstoappreciateallthatyoupossess.Iwishenough'Hellos'togetyouthroughthefinal‘Good-bye'.”24.TheoldmanwanttocrybecauseA,hewasguiltyfornotlovinghisdaughterenoughB,hisdaughterdidn'tcareabouthimasexpectedC,hehadaslimchancetoseehisdaughteragainD,hisdaughter'spartingwordsmadehimsad25.TheauthormentionedhisDadtoshowA.hisappreciationforhisfather'sdevotionB.hissorrowforhisfatherleavingtheworldC.hisunderstandingoftheoldman'sfeelingD.hisconcernfortheoldman'smentalstate26.Whatmessagedoestheoldman'swishconvey?A.Everymomentisablessing.B.Greathopesmakegreatmen.C.Happinessliesincontentment.D.Togettimeistogeteverything.27.Accordingtothepassage,whichcanbestdescribetheoldman?A.Helpfulandgentle.B.Wiseandloving.C.Modestandthoughtful.D.Kindandgenerous.CTheviolenceofshakingfromanearthquakeisusuallyfocusedinthedirectionthequakeistraveling.Butaboomerangquakemayspreadtheintenseshakingacrossawiderzone.Thenewstudy,publishedtodayinthejournalNatureGeoscience,isamajorsteptowardclearingupthecomplexphysicsbehindboomerangquakesandunderstandingtheirpotentialdamage.Thelatestboomerangwasrecordednearthemid-oceanridgeintheAtlanticin2016.Byexaminingthepositionoftheepicenter(震中)andtheenergyreleasedbyeachshakingphase,StephenHicks,anearthquakeseismologistattheImperialCollegeLondonandfirstauthorofthenewstudy,identifiedwhatseemedtobetwostepsofthequake:Thequakeinitiallyheadedeastward,butthenturnedbackwest.“Thiswasweird,”hesays.Thissecondlegofthequakemovedremarkablyquickly,atso-calledsupershearspeeds.Thequakeunzippedthesurfaceatanestimated11,000milesperhour—fastenoughtodartfromNewYorktoLondonin18.5minutes,sofastthatitcausedthegeologicversionofasonicboom.Howoftendoesthishappen?Aboomerangquakeatsupershearspeeds,asHicksandhisteamobservedintheAtlantic,maybeafairlyraretype.Butwiderevidenceofboomerangquakesismounting.Theseback-trackingeventshavebeenstudiedincomputermodelsaswellassimulatedinlabexperiments.“Thetheorysaysthatit'sthere,butit'squitedifficulttoseethat[intherealworld],”saysHicks.The2016earthquakeinKumamotoalsoseemstohaveruptured(破裂)inasimilarprocess.Forthatevent,theinitialshaketriggeredtwootherquakes,oneofwhichracedbackwardtopartiallyoverlaptheinitialbreak.Understandingwhenandwhytheseboomerangeventshappenisvitaltograpplingwithrisksearthquakespresent.“Studieslikethishelpusunderstandhowpastearthquakesruptured,howfutureearthquakesmayrupture,andhowthatrelatestothepotentialimpactforfaults(断层)nearpopulatedareas,”saysHicks.Theseboomerangsmaybeobscuredbyconventionalapproachesusedtoanalyzequakes,whicharebasedonanassumptionthataquakerushesinonedirection.“Naturallywe'renotlookingforit,wedon'texpectittoexist,”Hickssays.Yetforearthquakes,itseems,complexitiesmightbethenormratherthantheexception.AsHicksputsit:“Themoreandmorewelookatearthquakesinmoredetail,ofcourseweseestrangerthings.”28.AboomerangearthquakediffersfromotherquakesbecauseA.itmovesatasuper-fastspeedB.ittriggersseveralsmallquakesC.itreleasesimmeasurableenergyD.itshakesintwooppositedirections29.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatA.thecomingofthenextboomerangcanbepredictedB.boomerangsaretoocomplextobefullyunderstoodC.boomerangeventsarecommonplaceintherealworldD.commonmethodsarereliableinanalyzingboomerangs30.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“grapplingwith”inparagraph4probablymean?A.puttingoffB.copingwithC.bringingaboutD.fightingagainstDAllovertheworld,formaleducationsuppliestheeconomywithworkerswhowillincreaseproductivitytofueltheeconomicmachine,Butthismachinenowthreatensourverysurvival,Iftheentireworldreachesthelevelsofconsumptionseeninhigh-incomecountriestoday,we'llneedmultipleplanetEarthstosupplytheresources,Theabsurd(荒谬的)ideaofinfinitegrowthwithinafiniteterritoryisattheheartofoureconomicsystem.Tokeepthismachinerunning,formaleducationgeneratesevermoreefficient“humancapital”,Increasingproductivitymetrics(指标)ratherthantheindividualityofstudentsdrivesourcivilization'sapproachtoschoolingouryoungpeopleWhereastheSustainableDevelopmentGoalscallforturningeducationintoaforceforsustainability,theoppositeisoftentrue:ThewaysWesternsocietieshavecometothinkabouteducationundermineourabilitytodealwiththeenvironmentalcrisis.Togetthroughthiscrisis,weneedtocultivateourimagination,notundermineit.Growingup,noneofmyschoolingfosteredmyabilitytoimagineaworlddifferentfromwhatIsawaroundme.Besides,Irealizethesuppression(抑制)ofchildren'simaginationdoesn'ttakeplaceonlyinunderresourcedcommunities,butin“elite”institutionsthattout“criticalthinking”.Schoolswanttoseetheirgraduatessucceed,andsuccessistoooftenaboutmaintainingcurrentstructures—notaboutreimaginingtheirfoundations.Essentially,oureducationsystemsshapechildrenintheimageofartificialintelligence.Theperfect“worker”,AI,continuallyimprovesitsownproductivitybutdoesn'tchallengethelargerstructureswithinwhichitoperates.Itisoneofthegreatparadoxesofourtimethatweinvestsomuchintobuildingsupercomputerswhilemarginalizingtheimaginativepotentialofmillionsofhumanbrains.What'smore,weevenputourhopeinsolvingtheenvironmentalcrisisonAI.ButAI,likeourothertechnologies,canonlytreatthesymptomsoftheenvironmentalcrisis,notthecausesThroughouthistory,achieversofgreatchangehavereliedontheirimaginationstoaddressfundamentalflawsinsociety.Inmycountryofbirth,communistskepttheirdreamsofdemocracyalivefordecadesbyimaginingdifferentfutures.InSouthAfrica,NelsonMandela'sfollowershadtoberadical(激进的)intheirimaginationtocreateavisionofafairersociety.Imaginingdemocracywhenlivingunderatotalitarianregime(极权主义政权)isn'tthatdifferentfromimaginingdegrowthwhenlivinginaworldofinfinitegrowth,ThekindofintelligencethatNelsonMandelaandsuchpossessedwasnotartificial.Theabilitytoreimaginethefutureanddisruptthecurrentsituationremainsadistinctlyhumanquality.UnlikeAI,childrenarenaturallyimaginativeandquestionthepremisesofsociety.Inmyresearch,Ihaveobservedthatyoungerchildrenareoftenthemostradicalinimaginingdifferentfutures.Aslongasourimaginationiscurtailed,ideaslikedegrowthsoundutopian(乌托邦的)tomany,Cultivatingimaginationmeanslearningfromhistory'sdisrupterswhomadetheimpossiblepossible.Insteadofdismissing“childish”ideasabouttheworld'sfuture,itmeansseeinginspirationinchildren'simaginations.Inaneducationsystemthatcelebratesimagination,artsandcreativityareasimportantasmathandscience.Idealismcoexistswithpragmatism.Theenvironmentalcrisisisnotacrisisoftechnologyorscience,itisacrisisofimagination.Ifweletchildrenbeourguides,wemightbeabletoimagineourwaytosurvival.31.TheauthorhopeseducationcanplayitsroleinA.developinghumanresourcesB.promotingsustainabledevelopmentC.increasingproductivityD.maximizingeconomicgrowth32.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatA.imaginationisn'twelldevelopedinschoolsB.AIhelpsexploitthepotentialofhumanbrainsC.graduates'successchangesthesocialstructuresD.AIcanaddresstherootcauseofeconomiccrisis33.NelsonMandelaismentionedasA.asuccessinbuildingafairsocietyB.aleaderwhohadagreatinfluenceC.apioneerpossessingthequalityofAID.aninspirationtosolvesocialproblems34.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethatA.children'simaginationensureshuman'ssurvivalB.theenvironmentalcrisisresultsfromtechnologyC.imaginationcanhelpsolveenvironmentalcrisisD.the“childish”ideaswillruintheworld'sfuture第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhatCameFirst,theChickenortheEgg?Chickensareoneofthemosteconomicallyimportantanimalsintheworldtoday.35,Recentadvancementsinarchaeologicalmethodologieshaveunveiledthatnumerousbonediscoveries,oncebelievedtobeevidenceofearlychíckens,actuallybelongtowildbirds,Now,inanewpublication,aninternationalteamofarchaeologists,historians,andbiomolecularscientistspresenttheearliestclearevidencefortheraisingofchickensforeggproduction.Usingeggshellfragmentscollectedfrom12archaeologicalsitescoveringroughly1500years,theresearchersshowthatchickenswerewidelyraisedinCentralAsiafromapproximately400BCEto1000CEandwerelikelyspreadalongtheancientSilkRoad.36.Itwasthistraitofproductiveegglaying,theresearchersargue,thatmadethedomesticchickensoattractivetoancientpeoples37.TheycollectedtensofthousandsofeggshellfragmentsfromsiteslocatedalongthemainCentralAsiancorridoroftheSilkRoad.TheythenusedamethodofbiomolecularanalysiscalledZooMStoidentifythesourceoftheeggs.Theidentificationoftheseshellfragmentsaschickens,andtheirabundanceateachsite,ledtheresearcherstoanimportantconclusion.38.Inthewild,thiskindofbirdnestsonceperyearandtypicallylayssixeggsperclutch(窝).Thisistheearliestevidenceforthelossofseasonalegglayingyetidentifiedinthearchaeologicalrecord.Meanwhile,itisanimportantclueforbetterunderstandingthemutualistic(共生的)relationshipsbetweenhumansandanimalsthatresultedindomesticationTakentogether,thenewstudysuggestsananswertotheage-oldriddleofthechickenandtheegg.39.A.Toreachtheseconclusions,theteamdidalotofwork.B.Theabundanceofeggshellsfurthersuggeststhatthebirdswerelayingoutofseason.C.Yet,thestoryofhowtheyoriginatedandspreadthroughouttheancientworldremainslargelyunclear.D.ResearchshowschickenswerebredthroughoutsouthernCentralAsia,andwerespreadalongtheancientSilkRoad.E.Thebirdsmusthavebeenlayingmorefrequentlythantheirwildancestor,theredjunglefowlF.TheyarguethatthelossofseasonalegglayingwasthemaindriveforthespreadofdomesticchickensacrossEurasiaandnortheastAfricaG.AstheevidenceinCentralAsiasuggests,theabilitytolayalargenumberofeggsiswhatmadethechickenthechickenweknowtoday,第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。WhatWeReallyKnowAboutASMRIfyouspendtimeonYouTubeorTikTok,youmayhavecomeacrossvideosofsomeonewhisperingintoamicrophone,carefullyslicingstacksofslime,orslowlyrippingstripsofpaper.Thesevideosaredesignedtotriggeranautonomoussensorymeridian(经络)response,orASMR,apleasantfeelingthattravelsfromthetopoftheheaddownthebackofthenecktotheupperspine.WatchingvideosthattriggerASMRisthoughttoleadtopositiveresponsesthroughoutthebodyincludingenhancedmood,relaxation,andevenpainrelief.Butcanyoureallyachievethesebenefitsjustbywatchingashortvideo?Asystematicreviewpublishedseekstoanswerthatquestion.Germanresearcherscombinedthedatafrom54studiestobetterhelpusunderstandASMRanditseffects.Butfirst,wheredidthisideacomefrom?TherearereferencestofeelingssimilartoASMRinclassicliteraturedatingbacktotheearly1900s.ThecontemporarydefinitionsofASMRsprangfromadiscussionforumonahealth-focusedwebsitein2007.AYouTubernamedJenniferAllencoinedthetermin2010.Basedonthepreviousstudies,theresearchersconcludedthatexamplesoftriggersincludewhispering,tapping,andnaturalsounds,anditisimportanttonotethatspecifictriggersofASMRandtheintensityoftheresponsevarywidelybyindividuals.Theyalsoexploreditsbenefits.ClearevidenceshowsthatASMRcanreducestressandanxiety.Dataalsoshowsthatitcanimproveshort-termmemory.Inspecificcases,participantswatchingASMRvideoshadlowerheartratesandbloodpressure,physicalsignalsofrelaxation.Inaddition,theyfoundthatASMRtriggersbrainactivitypatternsassociatedwithrelaxationandstressrelief.Despitetheencouragingresults,theauthorsnotedthatmanyoftheASMRstudieshadsmallsamplesizesandalackofdiversityamongparticipants;moreresearchisneededtotrulyunderstandtheimpactsofASMR.Luckily,it'struethatwatchingsensoryvideosofpeoplebrushingtheirhair,whispering,andmakingsoftrepetitivenoisescanleadtorelaxationandstressrelief.ThebestthingaboutASMRisthatthereareminimalsideeffects.Soifyou'refeelinganxiousorstressed,itmightbeworthwatchingafewminutesofASMRvideostoseeiftheyhelp!40.Whatisanautonomoussensorymeridianresponse(ASMR)?41.Accordingtothestudies,whatbenefitscanASMRbringus?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.>AlthoughtriggersofASMRaredifferent,theymaycausereactionsofsimilarintensityamongdifferentpeople.43.BesideswatchingASMRvideos,whatelsedoyoudowhenfeelinganxiousorstressed?第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的外国笔友Jim来