欧洲道路标准13201

EN13201-4:2003(E)ContentspageForeword31Scope42Normativereferences43Photometricmeasurements44Measurementconditions44.1Stabilizationafterswitch-on44.2Climaticconditions44.3Extraneouslightandobstructionoflight54.4Measurementstakenfromamovingvehicle55Non-photometricmeasurements55.1General55.2Geometricdata55.3Electrictensionofsupply65.4Temperature65.5Instruments66Locationofgridpointsandobserver67Measurementofilluminance67.1General67.2Heightandorientationofthephotometerhead77.3Measurementgrid78Measurementofluminance79Testreport8AnnexA(informative)Exampleoftestreportformat9A.1Generaltestinformation9A.2Geometricaldata9A.3Roadsurfacedata9A.4Lampandluminairedata10A.5Electricitysupply10A.6Environmentalconditions10A.7Conditionofinstallation11A.8Measuringinstruments11A.9Measurementgrid12A.10Lightmonitoringrecord13A.11Measurementsfromamovingvehicle13Bibliography14ForewordIntroductionThepurposeofthispartofthisEuropeanstandardistoestablishconventionsandproceduresforlightingmeasurementsofroadlightinginstallations,andtogiveadviceontheuseandselectionofluminancemetersandilluminancemeters.TheconventionsforobserverpositionandlocationofmeasurementpointsarethoseadoptedinEN13201-3.However,relaxationfromtheseispermittedwherethemeasurementsareusedformonitoringtheperformanceofaninstallationorotherpurposes.Conditionswhichmayleadtoinaccuraciesareidentifiedandprecautionsaregiventominimizethese.Aformatforthepresentationofthemeasurementsissuggested.1ScopeThispartofthisEuropeanStandardspecifiestheproceduresformakingphotometricandrelatedmeasurementsofroadlightinginstallations.Examplesaregivenoftheformofthetestreport.这局部标准主要是详细规定制作光度测量的程序和相关的道路灯安装测量，有报告样本2Normativereferences参考ThisEuropeanStandardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpublications.Thesenormativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetext,andthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.Fordatedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropeanStandardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatesteditionofthepublicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments).EN13201-3,Roadlighting—Part3:Calculationofperformance.3PhotometricmeasurementsTheproceduresadoptedshouldbesuitedtothepurposeofthemeasurements.Wherethemeasurementsarerequiredforcomparisonwithcalculatedvaluesthentheutmoststringencywillberequiredtoensurethatavalidcomparisoncanbemade.Wherethemeasurementsarerequiredformonitoringthestateofaninstallationthenitispossiblethatamorelimitedsetofmeasurementsatwidelyspacedlocationswillsuffice.Themainessentialinthiscaseisthatthemeasurementsarecarriedoutinthesamewayeachtimemonitoringiscarriedout.Inothercasesspotchecksmaybesufficient.4Measurementconditions测试状态4.1Stabilizationafterswitch-on点亮后的稳定性Dischargelampsrequireaperiodoftimefortheirlightoutputtostabilize.Llluminancemeasurementsatthesamelocationorlocationsshallbetakenatregulartimeintervalstoensurethatstabilityhasbeenreached,beforedefinitivelightmeasurementsoftheinstallationaremade.Toensurethatstabilityismaintainedduringtheperiodofmeasurement,monitoringreadingsshallbetaken(seeA.10).灯要一段时间后，放出的光才会稳定。在最终的安装前，亮度的测量要在同一个地方或地点要每隔一段时间测量一次，来确定稳定状态是否已到达。为确保稳定状态在测量时间内的持续，监控是必要的(参考A10)4.2Climaticconditions气候条件Theclimaticconditionsshouldbesuchasnottoaffectthemeasurementssignificantly,unlessthisisintended.Highorlowtemperaturesmayaffectthelightoutputofthermallysensitivelampsortheaccuracyofthelightmeasuringinstruments.Condensationofmoistureonlighttransmittingsurfacesofmeasuringinstrumentsorontheirelectriccircuitsmayaffecttheiraccuracy.Highwindspeedsmaymaketheluminairesoscillateormakethemeasuringinstrumentsvibrate.Theymayalsolowerthetemperatureofthermallysensitivelampstherebyaffectingtheirlightoutput.Evenaslightdampnessoftheroadsurfacemaysignificantlyaffecttheluminanceoftheroadsurface.Thelighttransmissionoftheatmospherewillaffectthelightreachingthesurfacetobemeasured,andinthecaseofluminancemeasurementsthelightreachingtheluminancemeterfromthesurfacetobemeasured.气候条件不应该是影响测量的重要因素，除非是有意的。上下温可能会影响对热量比拟敏感的灯的光的放射和光测量设备的准确性，测量设备光传输外表或电路的湿度会影响到设备的准确性。高风速会让灯抖动或让测量设备震动。也可能降低灯的温度，影响光的输出，甚至路面细微的潮湿也会强烈的影响到路面的亮度。光在空中的传输也会影响到地面光的到达，从而影响测量指定水平面上亮度的测量。4.3Extraneouslightandobstructionoflight干扰光和障碍物Whenmeasurementsareintendedtorecordthelightingperformanceoftheroadlightinginstallationonly,directorreflectedlightfromthesurroundsshouldbepreventedoraccountedfor.Actiontakentodothisshouldberecordedinthereportonthemeasurements(seeA.7).NOTELightfromthesurroundscanincludelightfromshopwindows,advertisingsigns,roadsignals,lightsonvehicles,otherlightinginstallations,skyglow,reflectionsfromsnowattheroadside,etc.Thislightingcansometimesbeprevented,maskedorswitchedoff,orsometimesacorrectioncanbemadewhichisbasedonseparatemeasurementstakenwiththeroadlightinginstallationswitchedoff.Acorrectionforskyglowdependsonthecloudinessnotbeingvariable.如果仅仅是测量路灯安装后的效果，需要考虑阻止或计算直接的或环境的反射光〔看A7〕。这些措施要写在报告里。请注意，环境周围的光包括：商店，广告牌，信号灯，车灯，其他的灯，天空的光，雪和路面的反射光等。这些光有时可以阻止，遮挡或关闭，有时可以通过方法修正，天空的光的修正取决于阴暗程度是不可变的。Whenmeasurementsareintendedtorecordtheunobstructedlightfromtheinstallation,measurementareasshouldbeselectedwhicharefreeofobstructionsthatmayproduceshadows.Thesemayincludetrees,parkedcars,orroadfurniture.Thepresenceofobstructionsshouldberecordedinthereportonthemeasurements(seeA.7).当测量是要考虑没有障碍物，测量地点要选择没有阴影的区域。树，停的车，或道路用具等制造阴影的物体，这些障碍物的出现也要写在测试报告里4.4Measurementstakenfromamovingvehicle动态测量Thelightperformanceofaninstallationcanbemeasuredfromamovingvehicle.Themaindifferencesbetweendynamicandstaticmeasurementsare:可静态和动态测量区别：_thenumberofmeasurementpointsisgreaterinthecaseofdynamicmeasurements:，动态测量的测量点数量要多一些_therequirementsinEN13201-3forobserverpositionandlocationofgridpointsmaybemoredifficultorimpossibletomeetinthecaseofdynamicmeasurements.动态测量观测位置和测量点要难些，甚至很难满足Toproduceusefulandreliableresultsadynamicmeasurementsystemshall:为了提供有效的测试结果，动态测试需要满足：a)foreverymeasurementpoint,beabletolinkthepositionofthephotometricheadintermsofheight,andtransverseandlongitudinaldistancesorcoordinatestoadatumsuchasthekerb;每个测量点，需确定光度计的高度，横距和众距，或找个参照物调节，如路边的石头。b)minimizeanyeffects,suchasvehicleshadow,lightreflection,andelectronicnoise,thevehiclemayhaveonthedetectorreadings;最小化干扰，如交通工具的阴影，反射光，电子噪音c)beequippedwithphotometricheadsconformingtotherequirementsspecifiedinclauses7and8.MeasurementsfromamovingvehicleshouldincludetheinformationlistedinA.11.确保光度计满足条款7和8的要求动态测量要包括A11中的信息。5Non-photometricmeasurements非光度测量5.1GeneralTheselectionofnon-photometricmeasurementsshouldberelatedtothepurposeofthemeasurements.Wheremeasurementsarerequiredforcomparisonwithcalculatedvalues,detailednon-photometricmeasurementswillberequired.Wherethemeasurementsarerequiredformonitoringthestateofaninstallationthenitispossiblethatlessdetailednon-photometricmeasurementswillsuffice.5.2Geometricdata数据资料On-sitemeasurementsshouldbemadeofthegeometryoftheinstallation.Theseshouldincludemeasurementsinplanoftheinstallation,theheightofthecolumns,andthelengthoftheoutreach.Inadditiontiltinapplicationoftheluminaires,orientationoftheluminaires,androtationoftheluminairesshouldbemeasuredwhenpossibleorwhenthesedatamayberelevantformeetingtheobjectivesofthemeasurement.EN13201-4:2003(E)5.3Electrictensionofsupply供电电压Atthestartofameasurement,theelectrictensionofthesupply,atasmanylightingcolumnsasisnecessary,shallbemeasured.Duringthemeasurement,theelectrictensionshallbemeasuredcontinuouslyatasignificantpointintheelectricinstallation,andobserved.Arecordingvoltmeterispreferableforthispurpose.测量前，电压要测，且测量中，电压测量要持续，应该安装一个可记录电压表来完成测量。5.4TemperatureThetemperatureshallbemeasuredataheightof1,0mabovegroundlevelandrecordedatintervalsof30min.温度测量在离地面1米，每30分钟测一次5.5InstrumentsAllinstrumentsshallbecalibrated.NOTETherecanberequirementsforqualityassuranceofinstrumentswhichmayberequestedaspartofatenderorspecification.设备要校准，这可以被TERDER要求提供。6Locationofgridpointsandobserver测量点和测量者Toassesstheagreementbetweenmeasuredandcalculatedvalues,thepositionofthegridpointsatwhichmeasurementsaretakenandthepositionoftheobservershouldagreewiththoseusedforthecalculation.TheselattershouldbeinaccordancewithoneofthosegiveninEN13201-3.Thismayinvolvethetakingofalargenumberofobservations,whichmaybeimpracticablebecauseoftimelimitationsorotherconsiderations.Inthesecircumstances,fewerobservationsmaybetakenbuttherewillbealossofaccuracy.Maximumandminimumvaluesmaybefoundbysearchingratherthanbyrecordingnumerousvaluesoveracloselyspacedgrid.为评估测量值和计算值的一致性，测量点和观察者的位置要与计算的一致，7Measurementofilluminance照度的测量7.1GeneralIlluminanceshallbemeasuredwithanilluminancemeterwhichhasaperformancesuitableforthepurposeofthemeasurements.Wherethemeasurementsarerequiredformonitoringpurposes,absolutecalibrationoftheilluminancemeterisnotnecessary,butconsiderationshouldbegiventothelongtermageingoftheilluminancemeter.照度应该用适合测量的照度计测量。如果测量是为了监控，照度计的绝对精确不必要，但是要考虑照度计的使用年限。NOTE1GuidanceontheperformanceofilluminancemetersisgiveninCIEPublication53:1982andCIEPublication69:1987.Forthemeasurementofhorizontalandverticalilluminanceaphotometerheadforthemeasurementofplanarilluminanceisrequired.Forsemicylindricalorhemisphericalilluminanceaphotometerheaddesignedforthepurposeisrequired.水平和垂直的照度测量，要求光度计头平坦。半圆柱和半球形照度测量，需要单独设计的光度计头.NOTE2Hemisphericalilluminanceatapointcanbemeasuredbymeansofanilluminancemeterformeasuringplanarilluminancebyadoptingthefollowingprocedure.ThehorizontalilluminanceEhorizontalfromalltheluminairesismeasuredatthepoint.ThecomponentE1ismeasuredfromeachluminaireinturnbydirectingthesurfaceofthephotometerheadsothatitreceiveslightatright-anglestoitssurfacefromtheluminairebeingmeasured,andallotherlightisexcluded.ThehemisphericalilluminanceEhemisphericalisgivenby:某点的半球面照度，可以利用一个测量平面照度的照度计依照以下程序测出。测出所有灯具在该点处的水平照度Ehorizontal。调整光度计探头的外表的方向，以确保光度计探头接收从被测灯具发出的垂直于其外表的光线且不接收其他光线，据此依次测出每个灯具作用的E1。半球面照度由下式给出：where:Ekisthecontributionfromthekthluminaire;Ek是第K个光源的奉献indicatesthesummationofthecontributionsfromthe1sttothenthluminaire.显示的是从第1个到第N个光源的奉献总和。Careshouldbetakenthatpersonnelmakingthemeasurementsdonotobscurelightthatwouldotherwisereachthephotometerhead.Forthisreasonitisrecommendedthateitheranilluminancemeterwithphotometerheadattachedtothemeterbymeansofacableoranilluminancemeterwitharemoteholdcablebeused.Cablesshouldbesufficientlylongforobserverstopositionthemselvessothattheydonotobscureanyofthelightthatwouldotherwisereachthephotometerhead.小心测量时不要有暗影影响光度计头。建议用遥控方式。Theuseofgimbalseasesthetaskofmaintainingthephotometerheadatthecorrectinclinationwithrespecttothevertical.NOTE3Atmosphericabsorptioncansignificantlyreducetheluminousintensityofthelightreachingtheilluminancemeter(see4.2).大气可影响光强7.2Heightandorientationofthephotometerhead光度计头的高度和方向。a)Horizontalandhemisphericalilluminance水平和半球形的照度Theplaneofthelightsensitivesurfaceofthephotometerheadshallbehorizontal.Itshouldbepositionedatgroundlevelbutwherethisisnotpossibletheplaneofthelightsensitivesurfaceshallbewithin200mmofgroundlevel,andrecordedinthetestreport.敏感的照度计头应该要水平放置。要被安装在地水准平面，如果有困难，要与水平面在200MM内浮动。且在报告中显示出。b)Semicylindricalandverticalilluminance垂直照度Thecentreofthelightsensitivesurfaceofthephotometerheadshallbepositioned1,5mabovegroundlevel.Thelightsensitivesurfaceofthephotometerheadshallbeverticalandhavethecorrectorientation,typicallyfacinglongitudinally.GuidanceisgiveninEN13201-3.光度计头安装在离水平面1.5M的地方，且是垂直放置，方向正确7.3MeasurementgridUnlessanalternativegridisagreedbetweenthepartiesconcernedasbeingsatisfactory,thegridofmeasurementpointsshouldbethatspecifiedinEN13201-3.Thephotometerheadshallbepositionedpreciselyovereachmeasurementpoint.测量点参考第3局部8Measurementofluminance亮度测量Luminanceoftheroadsurfaceshallbemeasuredwithacalibratedluminancemeterwhichhasaperformancesuitableforthepurposeofthemeasurements.测量设备要被校准后测试路面NOTE1Averageilluminanceiscalculatedbyaveragingtheilluminanceatpointsequallyspacedinplanwhereasaverageluminancemeasuredbyasinglereadinggives,ineffect,perspectiveweightingtoeachpoint.Thisshouldnotresultinsignificantdiscrepancy.GuidanceontheperformanceofluminancemetersisgiveninCIEPublication69:1987andCIEPublication53:1982.Formeasurementoftheluminanceatagridpoint,theluminancemetershallbecapableofrestrictingthetotalangleofthemeasurementconeto2minofarcintheverticalplaneand20minofarcinthehorizontalplane.Forthemeasurementofaverageluminancebymeansofasinglereading,themetershallhaveamaskingfacilitybywhichonlylightfromtherelevantareaoftheroadsurfaceisincludedinthemeasurement.Theangleofviewofthemetershallbeat(89±0,5)°tothenormaltotheroadsurface.在某一点上测量亮度时，亮度计要能够将测量角度控制在纵向2和横向20度弧度范围EN13201-4:2003(E)Unlessanalternativegridisagreedasbeingsatisfactory,thegridofmeasurementpointsshallconformwiththatselectedforcalculation.ThepositionsfortheluminancemetershallbethesameasthosegivenfortheobserverinEN13201-3.除非有另外比拟满意的观测区域，观测的点要与已选择的用于计算的点保持一致。NOTE2ThefieldofcalculationspecifiedinEN13201-3commences60mfromtheobserver.Thismeansthattopreventoverlapofthemeasurementareasasseenthroughaluminancemetersetatthisdistance,theangularsubtenseofthemeasurementconeshouldbesmall,asindicatedabove.Asalessrigorousalternative,aluminancemeterwithalargermeasurementconecanbeusedatacloserdistanceandalowerheight.Itisrecommendedthatthemeasurementconeoftheluminancemetershouldnotexceed30minofarc,andthesizeofthemeasurementareaontheroadshouldnotbegreaterthan0,5mtransverselyand2,5mlongitudinally.第3局部现场计算要从观察者60米的地方开始。这是为了防止测量区域的重叠，有角度的那条边要短一些，作为严格选择，有较大的测量的光度计可在较近的距离和较小的高度下使用。光度计的测量弧度不要超过30度，路面测量区域横向不要超过0.5米，纵向不要超过2.5米。NOTE3Becauseofthevariationoftheroadsurfacereflectingproperties,bothspatiallyandtemporally,therecanbelargedifferencesbetweenmeasuredandcalculatedluminances.Itcan,therefore,beconsideredpreferabletocomparecalculatedilluminancesandmeasuredilluminances.Thishasalsotheadvantageofeliminatingtheneedforluminancemeasurements,whicharedifficulttomakeonsite.由于路的外表反射，在空间和时间上的变化，标准的亮度和测量的亮度有很大的区别，我们可以适当的考虑计算的和标准的亮度取优，这样可以排除亮度测量的需要，这个是比拟难的NOTE4Ideally,forroadsinthedrycondition,anumberofsamplesoftheroadsurfaceshouldberemovedformeasurementunderlaboratoryconditions.Thisisanexpensiveandlengthyprocedure,whichmaynotbepracticable.Atpresentthereisnogenerallyavailableportableinstrumentfortakingthesemeasurements.Visualinspectioncanindicatethatcertainpartsoftheroaddifferfromtheotherpartsowingtowearandoilydepositsalongthelengthoftheroad.Thesedifferencescanbeeasilyvisiblewithlightcolouredroadsurfaces,suchasconcrete,andshouldbenotedinthereportofthemeasurements(seeA.3).非常理想的做法是，枯燥的路面，取多个样本在实验室的环境下测量，但这很贵，而且时间长，可操作性不强，现在还没有这种便携式的设备来做测试。由于路面磨损和油面影响，看到的情况是路面的一局部和其他局部不同。这种不同可以由路面灯光光泽很容易的分辨出来如水泥路面，这些不同都要在测试报告中显示出来。NOTE5Inadvanceoftakingmeasurements,itcanbeconvenienttomarkouttherelevantgridontheroadsurfacewithmarkerswhichallowthemetertobecorrectlyalignedwhentheyareviewedthroughtheviewfinderoftheluminancemeter.Shouldtheyappearinthemeasuringconeoftheluminancemetertheyshouldberemovedbeforeameasurementistaken.在测量之前，可以在路的外表表示出相应的格子，这样方便光度计准确测量。NOTE6Dampnessorwetnessoftheroadsurfacewillsignificantlyaffectitsluminance(4.2).Atmosphericabsorptionwillreducethelightreachingtheroadsurfaceandthelightfromtheroadsurfacereachingtheluminancemeter.Wherethemeasurementsarerequiredformonitoringpurposes,absolutecalibrationoftheluminancemeterisnotnecessary,butconsiderationshouldbegiventothelongtermageingoftheluminancemeter.Inaddition,theconstraintsonfieldofviewmentionedabovemayberelaxed.路面潮湿会很影响他的亮度，空气也会减少一些光到达路的外表和路外表的光到达光度计，测量是为了监控的话，完全的精准就不是很必要，但要考虑光度计的寿命问题。上述视觉上的约束会适当放松。9TestreportThetestreportshouldcontainallrelevantinformationgatheredduringthemeasurement.AnnexAisanexampleofaformatforatestreport.A.1Generaltestinformation根本测试信息Nameofsite测试地点Dateoftest测试日期Timeoftest测试时间Namesofpersonnelparticipatingintest测试参与者A.2Geometricaldata几何数据Sketchoftheroad,andrelevantsurrounds,withdimensionsandpositionsoftheluminaires,wherepossiblesupplementedbyphotographs.路和相关环境的草图，包括灯具的尺寸和位置，尽可能的有照片Positionofroadfurniture,parkedvehicles,andanyotherobstr