san基础培训文档legato公司

AFoundationforUnderstanding

StorageAreaNetworks

SAN101SpecialthankstoourSAN101sponsorswhosesupporthelpedbringyouthiscourse:17August19991ObjectivesThistrainingpreparesstudentsto:UseandunderstandbasicSANterminologyDistinguishSANfromNASandotherstoragenetworktechnologiesUnderstandwhereSANscanhelpusersthemostDescribetheconfigurationofSANsinthepoint-to-point,arbitratedloop,andswitchedfabrictopologiesCitetheperformancegainsavailablethroughuseofSANtechnologyRecognizethedistinguishingfeaturesofthemainSANproductsintoday’smarket17August19992AgendaIntroductiontoSANsSANconnectivitySANcomponentsSANapplicationsBasictermsandconceptsAdvantagesofSANsSANandNAS“AFibreChannelPrimer”

ProductsandfeaturesHigh-performancebackupStorageconsolidation/expansionDisasterprotection17August19993WhatisaStorageAreaNetwork?AdedicatednetworkforserversandstoragesystemsSANLAN17August19994WhyGiveStorageItsOwnNetwork?AgoodLANdoesnotmakeagoodSAN!LANsusedifferentprotocols,differenttoolsLANsarephysicallyinsecureatthedesktopandpotentiallyvulnerableattheserverLANsseldomhavesparecapacityforstoragenetworkingLANsaretunedtofavorshort,“bursty”usertransmissionsvslarge,continuousdatatransfersSANStorageRAID:

“RedundantArrayofInexpensiveDisks”Fault-tolerantgroupingofdisksthatserverseesasasinglediskvolumeCombinationofparity-checking,mirroring,stripingSelf-contained,manageableunitofstorageJBOD:“JustaBunchofDisks”DrivesindependentlyattachedtotheI/OchannelScaleable,butrequiresservertomanagemultiplevolumesDonotprovideprotectionincaseofdrivefailure17August19996SANComponentsServerswithhostbusadaptersStoragesystemsRAIDJBODTapeOpticalHubsandswitchesBridgesandextendersSANmanagementsoftware17August19997PromiseofSAN

MassivelyextendedscalabilityGreatlyenhanceddeviceconnectivityStorageconsolidationLAN-freebackup

Serverless(active-fabric)backupServerclusteringHeterogeneousdatasharingDisasterrecovery-Remotemirroring17August19998ScalabilityandPerformanceStorageexpansionNoimpactonserversServerexpansionNoimpactonstorageLoadbalancingActiveparallelpathsBandwidthondemandRobusttopologyHighAvailabilityMultiplelevelsofredundancyareconfigurablethroughoutdatapathMultipleaccesspathsallowfailoverclusterconfigurationsDe-couplingofstoragefromapplicationserviceallowsittobemanagedindependentlyDatavaultinganddisasterrecoveryconfigurationscanaddresslossofserviceduetositefailureFAILOVERNetworkAttachedStorage(NAS)AttacheddirectlytonetworkDedicated,multi-protocolfilerNASFileI/OFileI/O17August199911SANandNASSAN

RemotestorageaccessPrivatenetforstorageStorageprotocolsCentralizedmanagementNASRemotefileaccessSharesusernetNetworkprotocolsDistributedmanagementGoodforsimple,scalablefilesharingGoodforhostinglargedatabasesSummaryandQuestionsSANBenefitsSANsfullyexploithigh-performance,high-connectivitynetworktechnologiesSANsexpandeasilytokeeppacewithfastgrowingstorageneedsSANsallowanyservertoaccessanydata

SANshelpcentralizemanagementofstorageresourcesSANsreducetotalcostofownership17August199913SANConnectivity

“AFibreChannelPrimer”17August199914FibreChannelChanneltransportidealforSANsMultipleprotocolsupportNetworkingcapabilityandfunctionalityHeterogeneousinterconnectbandwidth--availability--reliability--integrity--scalability17August199915Closed,structuredHighperformanceError-freeLargedatatransferHardwareintensiveNetworkOpen,unstructuredError-freesecondaryPeertopeerData,voice,videoSoftwareintensiveTraditionalConnectivityProcessorMemoryDiskChannel17August199916ChannelClosed,structuredHighperformanceError-freeLargedatatransferHardwareintensiveNetworkOpen,unstructuredError-freesecondaryPeertopeerData,voice,videoSoftwareintensiveFibreChannelFibreChannelConnectivity17August199917SANTopologiesPoint-to-Point100MB><100MBArbitratedLoop100MBSwitchedFabric100MB100MB100MB17August199918Point-to-PointTopology100MB/sec100MB/sec17August199919ArbitratedLoopTXofeachnodeisconnectedtotheRXofthenextnodeuntilaloopisformedOperationalsequence:ArbitrateforcontroloftheloopOpenchanneltotargetTransferdataCloseMaximumbandwidth-currently100MB/secNode1Node3Node2TxTxTxRxRxRx17August199920ArbitratedLoopTopology17August199921Node

FabricSwitchedFabricMaximumnumberofnodes=16millionMaximumbandwidth=200MB/secxnodesNodes(N-ports)logintotheFabric(F-ports)InternalroutingandaddressingmanagedbyfabricEndtoendconnectionmanagedbytheN-PortsN-PortF-PortF-PortN-PortNode

TXRXRXTX17August199922SwitchedFabricTopology10Km17August199923MixingLoopsandFabricsAloopcanhaveoneandonlyoneFL-PortAnodecanbeeitherpublicorprivatePrivatenodescommunicateonlywithinloopLoop1Loop2NodeDNL_PortNodeBNL_PortNodeANL_PortSwitchFL_PortFL_PortF_PortNodeEN_PortNodeCNL_PortAfabriccanconnectmultipleloops17August199924ZoningZoningarrangesFCconnecteddevicesintologicalgroupsSwitchNodeNodeNodeNodeNodeZoneXZoneY17August199925ZoningOperationZonemembers“see”onlyothermembersofthezoneZonesareconfigureddynamicallyDevicescanbemembersofmorethanonezoneFC-ALzoningallowsthecreationofprivateloopsonasinglehubSwitchedfabriczoningcantakeplaceattheportordevicelevelBenefitsSecureddeviceaccessAllowsoperatingsystemco-existence17August199926FCProtocolArchitectureATMFC-ATMIPFCLinkEncapsulation

FC-LEULP(UpperLevelProtocol)SCSI-3SCSI-3CommandSetMappingFC-4IPI-3CommandSetMapping(IPI-3STD)FC-3CommonServicesFC-0FC-1FC-2FibreChannelPhysical&SignalingInterface

(FC-PH,FC-PH2,

FC-PH3)PhysicalVariantEncode/Decode FramingProtocolFC-AL8B/10BEncodingCopper,OpticalFC-AL-2HPQuickFrameReferenceat/HP-COMP/io/tech/index.html17August199927FCFrameClassesClass1AcknowledgedConnectionServiceFullbandwidthw/guaranteeddeliveryDedicatedpathbetweenportsClass2AcknowledgedConnectionlessServiceIndependentlyswitchedframesNon-dedicatedpathbetweenportsClass3UnacknowledgedConnectionlessServiceSameasClass2withoutacknowledgementsInvalidframesarediscarded.ULPprovideserrorcorrection/handling17August199928FibreChannelbytheNumbersSpeedXferrate: 1.062Gbit/sec

(2x,4xalsodefined)MaximumUserPayload: 2112bytesBitErrorRate: 1x10-12DistanceCopper: 10’smShortwaveLaser(MMF): ~500m(850nm)LongwaveLaser(SMF): ~10km(1300nm)ConnectionsPointtoPoint: 2ArbitratedLoop: 126SwitchedFabric: 16Million(224)17August199929SummaryandQuestionsFibreChannelBestofchannelandnetworkarchitecturesTopologiesPoint-to-pointArbitratedloopSwitchedfabricMixedZoningsupportforadministrationandsecurityVarietyofprotocolsandframeclassesImpressivenumbersforspeed,distance,andconnections17August199930HowDoesFCComparetoSCSI?17August199931SANComponentsCablesInterfaces/AdaptersHubsSwitchesBridgesandExtendersStorageSystems..PiecesofthePuzzle17August199932FiberOpticCopperCables17August199933HostBusAdapters&InterfacesPCItoFCAdapter32/64-bit,33/66-MHz,PCI2.1compliantOtherbuses-HSC,SBus100MB/secFCperformanceFeaturesGBICsupportSNMPandMIBcomplianceALandFabricloginsupport(vendor-specific)Copper/opticalmediasupport(vendor-specific)Operatingsystemsupport(vendor-specific)GBICsGLM17August199934HubsMulti-PortFibreChannelHub6-16ports,copperoropticalGBIC’sNetworkmanagementsoftwareSupportsFC-AL17August199935FibreChannelHubFeaturesZoningIntegratedSNMPandMIB-compliantmanagementConfigurationmanagementtoolsandutilizationmonitoringAutomatedportisolationanddevicefailoverN+1hot-swappablecomponentsforfault-toleranceFabricupgradeability/integrationHubNodeNodeNodeNodeNode17August199936FibreChannelSwitchMulti-PortFibreChannelSwitch8-16ports(ormore)CopperoropticalGBIC’sFast,non-blocking,dedicatedbandwidthSpecialservices(time,name,etc.)17August199937FibreChannelSwitchFeaturesZoningIntegratedSNMPandMIB-compliantmanagementConfigurationmanagementtoolswithutilizationmonitoringAutomatedportanddevicefail-overN+1hot-swappablecomponentsforfault-toleranceSwitchNodeNodeNodeNodeNode17August199938BridgesandExtendersFC-SCSIRouter/BridgeMapsSCSIdevicestounitsofasingleAL-PAConfigurablemappingtableSNMPmanagementExtendersAllowsFCconnections>10KM17August199939BridgesandExtendersFeaturesAllowuseofSCSIdevicesonaFCnetworkAllowuseofFibreChannelperipheralsbySCSI-onlyhosts(runningtherouterin“initiator”mode)SNMPandMIBcomplianceAvailableinmultiportunits1FCto2SCSI2FCto4SCSITapeLibraryArbitrated

Loop126IDsSCSIBus15IDsRouterHost

Server17August199940StorageSystemsFeaturesFC-attachedtotheSANHighRPM,fibredrivesSupportformultipleRAIDlevelsSNMPandMIB-compliantMultiplestorageprocessorsforload-balancingN+1hot-swappablecomponentsGUIconfigurationmanagementtoolswith

utilizationmonitoring17August199941SummaryandQuestionsSANComponentsCablesInterfaces/AdaptersHubsSwitchesBridgesandExtendersStorageSystems..17August199942SANApplications17August199943SANApplicationsHighPerformanceBackupMultipleserversusingSANtobackuptoasharedbackupresourceStorageConsolidationandExpansionConsolidatingstorageforeasymanagementScalingstoragetomeetbusinessneedsDisasterProtectionClusteringforfaulttoleranceRemotereal-timemirroringofdata17August199944TheBackupDilemmaProblemIncreasingamountsofdatatobackupDecreasingdailybackupwindowIncreasingbackupcostsSolutionCentralizedbackuphardwareReducedequipmentandmanagementcostsHighbandwidthI/OchanneltooffloadLANImprovedbackupperformanceScaleableconnectivityCosteffectivedeployment17August199945NetworkBackupTodayDisk

StorageDisk

StorageDisk

StorageTapeNetwork

ServerBackup

ServerNetwork

ServerNetwork

ServerLANClientClientClient17August199946LAN-FreeBackupSANNetwork

Server(backupnode)Network

ServerNetwork

ServerLANClientTapeClientClientDisk

Storage17August199947ServerlessBackupDisk

StorageSANBackup

ServerNetwork

ServerNetwork

ServerLANClientTapeClientClient17August199948StorageConsolidationandExpansionSANprovideseconomiesofscaleinstorageallocationPurchasedrivenbycost,notcapacityAllocationondemand,nowasteSANprovidesincreasedconfigurationflexibilityMultipleInitiatorsMultipleRAIDlevelsSANprovidesimprovedexpansioncapabilitiesAddstorageasrequiredAddI/Obandwidth17August199949StorageConsolidationDisk

StorageDisk

StorageDisk

StorageTapeSANDisk

StorageClientNetwork

ServerLANNetwork

ServerNetwork

ServerClient17August199950Expansion-CascadingFC-ALHubscanbecascadedtowidentheloopupto126devicesLogicallyalldevicesareonthesameloop17August199951Expansion-ScalingFabricCapacityServerFCHostAdapter

Scalingstoragedoesnotrequireadditionalcontrollers,soaSANallowsflexiblescalingasneedsgrow17August199952Expansion-MultipleLoopsCascadedSwitchesSeparateLoopsLoop#1Loop#2Loop#5Loop#3Loop#4MultipleswitchesareusedbetweenloopstocreatealargerSAN17August199953FibreChannelWorkgroupNTFileServerSharedStorageWorkstationsFC-ALw/SCSIFC-ALw/IP FC-ALisusedtocreateahigh-bandwidthclient/serverworkgroup17August199954DisasterProtectionServerclusteringApplication-levelfailoverbetweennodesintheclusterServer-levelfailoverbetweennodesintheclusterDatamirroringWritingorreplicatingdatatoremotestoragenodes17August199955ServerClusteringJBODorRAIDServersFCSwitch/HubFCisusedtocreateahighavailabilityserverandstoragecluster

17August199956SmallHigh-AvailabilityClusterFCHubs/SwitchesLoopBLoopAServer1Server2MirroredRAID17August199957DataMirroring10KmLong-waveFiberOpticsLow-latencyareaswitchingenablesfullserverandstoragemirroringacrossupto120KmdistanceFCSwitch/HubFCSwitch/Hub17August199958ImplementationLessonsLearnedConsideryourenterprisestoragerequirementsbeforebeginningimplementationCapacity--Availability--SpeedofAccessCreateenterprisestoragestandardsConsideraphasedimplementationapproachAssessment--Design--Pilot--Test--RolloutWorkwithasinglevendorormakesureallvendorsapproveyourSANdesignMakesurehostOSesareatrightpatch/splevelsConsidertheeffectofSANandDisasterProtectionimplementationsonhostedapplications17August199959SummaryandQuestionsSANApplicationsHigh-performancebackupsStorageconsolidationandex