高中英语名词性从句,语法讲解课件 译林牛津版必修4

名词性从每

NounClauses

—.relatedconception（相关概念）

1.名词：表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。

2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分？

TheboyisliMing.

主语表语

Mr.Liang,a24-ycar-oldboy,teachesusEnglish.

主语同位语宾语

名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和

同位语。

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在英语的句子结构中，木来该由名词充当的主语、宾

语、表语和同位语，由一个句了•来充当,这个句「就叫

名词性从句。

主语从句(TheSubjectClause)

名

词

宾语从句(TheObjectClause)

表语从句(ThePredicativeClause)

同位语从句(TheAppositive

Clause)

主语从句

在复合句中作主句的主语.

引导词有连词that(that不可省略),whether;

连接代词有who,what,which;

连接副词when,where,how,why等.如：

1).连接词:that,whether

fHeisafamoussinger.

Itisknowntous.

I.Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous.

(Itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger.)

WillwevisittheGreatWalltomorrow?

Ithasnotbeendecided.

WhetherwewillvisittheGreatWallhasnotbeen

decide.

Hewillwinthegame.Willhewinthegame?

Itiscertain.Itisnotcertain.

Thathewillwinthegameis

certain.

Itiscertainthathewillwinthegame.

Whetherhewillthegameisnotcertain.

2).连接代词:who,whom,whose,whal,which,

whoever,whatever,whichever

Whosebagisit?

Itcan'tbetold.

Whosebagitiscan'tbetold.

Whatdoesheneed?

Itismoney.

Whatheneedsismoney.

无论你刚才说什么都是对的.

Whateveryousaidisallright.

3).连接副词：when,where,why,how,howmany,

howmuchhowlong,howsoon,howoften

Whenwillwestarttomorrow?

Itwillbetoldsoon.

Whenwewillstarttomorrowwillbetoldsoon.

我们将怎样制定计划已经被老师解释清楚了.

Howwewillmaketheplanhasbeenexplained

clearlybytheteacher.

为什么他来这里还是不被人所知道.

Whyhecomeshereisnotknown.

1.为什么有时候用that,whether,有时侯用连接代词，或

着有时候用连接副词？

2.它的语序有没有变化？

2.总结：

I).主语从句一律用陈述句语序,即主语在前，谓

语在后.

Whenwillhecomeisnotknown.错误

Whenhewillcomeisnotknown.

但.是whatisthematter和whatiswrong不可

改变语序

2).连接词ihal在从句中无实际点:义，起引导作用.

不作任何成分，但不能省略.

Hewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.

错误

Thathewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.

3).whether可以引导主语从句解释为“是否“，但if不能.

4).whoever,whatever,whichever等词可以引导主

语从句，但nomatterwho,nomatterwhat等不能,

它们只能引导让步状语从句.

5).为避免5语冗长，句5头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,

主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.

例：ItiswellknowiVrcportcd/thoughl/said/...that...

Itisclcar/ncccssary/ccrtaiii/tnic/doubtful/...that...

Itisapity/aslianic/anhonour/...that...

Itdoesn'tmatterwhether.../Itseemsthat...

Ithappensthat...

宾语从句

在复合句中作主句的宾语，放在实义动词或介词的后

面.引导词有连词that(ihai孑可用whether,if;

代词有who,whose,what,which;

副词有when,where,how,why等.如：

Webelieve(that)heishonest.

Itoldhim(that)Iwouldcomeback

soon.

Hesaid(that)hewouldgotherethe

nextdayandthathisfamilywouldn't

gothere

总结：

1.真语从句的引导词：

宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同.

2.注意点

1).宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序.

2).引导宾语从<讣勺连词that也无实际意义，多数

情况卜.可以省略.

3).whether和计都可以引导宾语从句

但：⑴.当whether后紧跟ornot时，不用if.

例：Idon'tknowwhetherIwillstayornot.

(2).介词后ifii的宾语从句不能用if.

例：IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.

3.放句首，解释为“是否”

Whethershewillgohomeisnotunknown.

4.表语从句解释为"是否“用whether

Thequestioniswhelherwecancollectenough

money.

4).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留

⑴.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的

句型中不省略.

例：Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwe

say.

(2).由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,

第一个that可以省略悌二that不能省.

Hetoldme(that)hewouldcomeandthathe

wouldcomeontime.

表语从句

在复合句中作主句的表语,常放在be动词的后面.

引导词有连词that(that不可省略),whether;代

词宥who,what,which;副词when,where,how,

why等.如

Theproblemisthatwedidn'tgetin

touchwithhim.

ThisishowHenrysolvedtheproblem.

Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)

finishtheworkatonce.

如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice.order等名词时，后面引导

的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略.

2.注意A

1).表语从句一律用陈述句的语序.

2).表语从句的引导词that无实际意义,但不能省略.

3).表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if弓I导.

Whatmanypeopleareworriedaboutiswhether

wewillbeabletobuildabetterfuture.

今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.

Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningis

Lbecausethattherewasalotoftrafficonthe

road.

Thereasonwhy+£jfbethat+从Gj.

For+名词

Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisthatthere

wasalotoftrafficontheroad.

或This/it/that/isbecause+从句…等句型.

Hewaslatethismorning.Thatwasbecausethere

wasalotoftrafficontheroad.

同位语从句

在句中起同位语的作用.一题放在名词fact,

news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion

等之后，用以说明或解释前面的名词.引导词有连

词that;少数情况下也可用连接副词howwhen

where等.如:

I.Thethoughtthatwemightsucceedexcitedus.

2.TheideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeIs

worthconsidering.

3.Thesuggestionthattheplan(should)bedelayedwill

bediscussedtomorrow.

名词suggestion,advice.order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词

要用shoulck动向原形,should可省略.

4.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.

注意

l.that引导的同位超从I-J前面的Z词常见的仃:idea,

fact,news,belief,thought,doubt,suggestion,proof,

message,order,conclusion,desire,theory,truth,

word,hope,information1^.

2.that在从句中只是起引导作用,不作任何成分.

名词性从句的种类

•I.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.

主语从句

•2.MrsBlackwon'tbelievethathersonhas

becomeathief.宾语从句

•3.Myideaisthatweshoulddoitright

now.表语从句

•4.1hadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.

同位语从句

.......................

虎-、同依语乂句与治语

蟠以句的相付之处

1、两种从句都可以译成定语

e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatch

isencouraging.（同位语从句）

我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。

Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.

（定语从句）你告诉我们以消息真的令人鼓舞.

一、同位语从句与炙语

从句的相付之处

2、两种从句都可以用that引导

e.g•ThesuggestionihatstudentsshouldIcernsomething

pruclicalisworthconsidering.（同位语从句）

学生应该学整实用的东西的建议值得考虑.

Thesuggestionthatisworthconsideringisthat

thestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.

（定语从句）值得号虑仃建议是学生应该学些实

用的东西。

二、同修得M句易定得

乂句的又同之处

1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步

说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、

限定前面的名词.

e.g.ThenewsihaiourteamhaswonIhefinalmatch

isencouraging.（从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队

取得了决赛胜利.）

Thenewsthatyoutoldesisreallyencouraging.

（从句对“消息”加以限定：是卜我们的，而非

来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）

二，同隹情乂句易定曙

乂句的系同之处

2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that

引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任

何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,

既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分.

e.g.1）DadmadeapromisethaihewouldbuymeCDplayer

ifIpassedtheEnglishtest,（that不充当任何成分）

2）Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren.

（that指代promise,又在从句中充当主语.）

Tellthefunctionofthefollowingsentences.

a.subjectb.objectc.predicatived.appositive（同位语）

I.TheideathatEnglandstandsforFish&Chips,Speakers'Corner,Big

BenandtheTowerofLondonIspast.appositive

2.ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupotthreecountries

isstillunknowntomany.appositive

3.TheresultofsomuchFrenchinfluencewasthattheEnglishlanguag*

endedupwithmanyFrenchwordssuchastable,animalandage.

predicative

4.SomepeoplefeelthatWalesisanancientfairyland,object

5.Thatmostofthesearenowthreatenedandmaydisappear

isaseriousmattertothepeopleinBritain.subject

6.Theyrealisethatitisofgreatvaluetorecordandteach

themtotheyoungergeneration.object

（Tellthedifference

NC*->Appositive

I.Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontime

madeeverybodyhappy.、

AC

2.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportis

thataheavystormiscoming.

NC—Predicative

NC—Appositive

3.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearn

somethingpracticalisworthconsidering.

AC

4.Thesuggestionthattheyareconsideringis

thatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.

NC—Predicative

Practice

I.Tellthefunctionoftheclausesinthefollowingsentences

说出下列从句的功能：A:Appositive（同位语）；

B:Attributive（定语）

血1.Hisproposalthatwegothereonfootisacceptable.

加2.Manyteachersholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldnot

spendtoomuchtimeonline.

B3.Thefirstrequestthathemadewastoaskforfreedom.

,4.Doyouhaveanyideawherewewillbesent?

B5.ISthisthecompanywhereyourfatherworks?

B6.Thisisthereasonthathegaveforhisabsence.

i.7.Hemadeanexcusethathiscarbrokedownontheway.

■■♦♦♦■♦♦♦♦♦■

II.Choosethebestanswer

l.Theyexpressedthehope___theywouldcome

overtoChina.

A.which•thatC.whomI),when

2.Thcfact___hedidn'tseeTomyesterdayis

true.

•thatB.whichC.whenD.what

3.1havenoideahewillcomeback.

A.where•whenC.whatD.that

II.Choosethebestanswer

4.Thenews___surprisedeverybodyyesterday

nowprovestobefalse.

•thatB.whenC.whatD.how

5.0neofthemenheldtheview__thebooksaid

wasright.

A.whatthatB.thatwhich

•thatwhatD.whichthat

6.Wordhascome___someAmericanguestswill

comeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.

A.whatB.whether•thatD.which

II.语序间H

l.Thephotographswillshowyou

.(MET89)

A,whatdoesourvillagelooklike

B,whatourvillagelookslike

C.howdoesourvillagelooklike

D.howourvillagelookslike

2.Heaskedforaviolin.

(MET92)

A.didIpayhowmuch

B.Ipaidhowmuch

C.howmuchdidIpay

D.howmuchIpaid

单项填空l.ThequestionistheCfilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.

whetherD.how2.Theyreceivedorderstheworkbedoneatonce.DA.whichB.

whenC./D.thatCIhavetogoismymotheri