模块四第7讲定语从句学案含解析

模块四五彩缤纷的从句:三大从句和特殊句式第7讲定语从句Ⅰ.语法填空1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotwhereitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.2.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)InancientChinalivedanartistwhosepaintingswerealmostlifelike.3.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasterswhohadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.4.(2019·江苏高考)Wehaveenteredintoanagewhendreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.5.(2019·浙江高考)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloththat/whichgivesofflightinthedark.Ⅱ.完成句子1.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Thankyouforyourletter,whichreallymademehappy(这使我很高兴).

2.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Understandinghergoodintentions,IeatallthefoodthatisprovidedbyMom(妈妈提供的)withappreciation.

3.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)OneafternoonwhenIwasinprimaryschool(我上小学的时候),Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.

4.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Theyalsohadasmallpondwhere/inwhichtheyraisedfish(他们从中养鱼).

语法填空二谨记1.确定定语从句关系词的解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。2.关系词应遵循“缺什么,补什么”的原则(1)如果先行词指人,定语从句中缺少主语,限制性定语从句中用who/that;非限制性定语从句中用who。(2)如果先行词指人,定语从句中缺少宾语,限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom;非限制性定语从句中用whom。(3)如果先行词指物,定语从句中缺少主语或宾语,限制性定语从句中用which/that;非限制性定语从句用which。(4)如果先行词指时间或地点,定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语,则用when或where;如果缺少主语或宾语,则用that或which。(5)在“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中如果先行词指人,则关系词用whom;如果先行词指物,则用which。定语从句(AttributiveClauses)在句中作定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词一览表关系代词先行词句法功能who人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语whom人宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whose(=ofwhom/ofwhich)人或物定语that人或物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语which物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语as人或物主语、宾语、表语1.限制性定语从句中,只用that不用which的情况(1)先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代词时。※IfIrunintoanythingthatmightinterestyou,I’llsendityourway.※WecannotsaythatnonethatwesawonTV’sweretrue.(2)先行词被theonly,any,few,no,very等修饰时。※Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.(3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。※Thatisthebestfilmthathaseverbeenshownsofarinthecity.※WhenitcomestoJinan,thefirstthatcomestomindisthespringwater.(4)先行词既有人也有物时。※Mymotherandheroldfriendstalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.(5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。※Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?2.只用which不用that的情况(1)关系代词前有介词时。※Thisisthereferencebookofwhichtheteacherisspeaking.(2)引导非限制性定语从句时。※Crusoe’sdog,whichwasveryoldnow,becameillanddied.3.引导非限制性定语从句的as与which位置不同表意不同as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后,有时还可插入主句中意为“正如……”,后面的谓语动词多用see,know,expect,say,mention,report等which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后意为“这一点”或“这件事”等※Asisknowntoall,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.※John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.※Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.小题快练①(2020·天津高考)Dr.Rowan,whosesecretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.②(2018·北京高考)Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,whichhelpsthemkeepfit.③(2017·北京高考)Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.

④Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词若是表示人,就只能用whom;关系代词若是表示事物,就只能用which。如:※Whereisthesupermarketinwhichyouboughtthelaptoplastweek?※Doyouknowtheladywithwhomourmanageristalkingintheoffice?【点津】在正式的文体中,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可紧缩成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。※Shehadsomemoneyinthebank,withwhichshecanhelphermother.※Shehadsomemoneyinthebank,withwhichtohelphermother.小题快练①(2020·江苏高考)Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,fromwhichstudentscanchooseforfree.②Manyyoungpeople,mostofwhomwerewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.③Theboywantsanotherfiftycentswithwhichtobuy(buy)someicecream.

关系副词引导的定语从句定语从句中关系副词有when,where,why,代替前面的先行词,在从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语。※Sherememberedclearlythatdaywhenshe’dgoneexploringtherockpools.※ThisisthetownwhereIwasborn.※I’mwritingtoexplaintoyouthereasonwhyIwasabsentfromyourlecturelasttime.关系副词when,where,why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。※Thereareoccasionswhen(=onwhich)onemustyield.※Beijingistheplacewhere(=inwhich)Iwasborn.※Isthisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)herefusedouroffer?小题快练①ThisisthereasonwhyIwanthertocometothemeeting.

②(2019·浙江高考)We’vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.③(2019·天津高考)Theirchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.定语从句和分词短语作定语之间的相互转化如果定语从句中先行词是从句的主语(即关系代词作从句的主语),则这个定语从句可以转化为以过去分词或现在分词作定语的形式。同样的,分词作定语也可以转化为一个定语从句。谓语动词用主动语态的,用现在分词作定语;用被动语态的,用过去分词作定语。如:※Weliveinahousewhich/thatfacesthesouth.→Weliveinahousefacingthesouth.※Thefirsttextbooksthat/whichwerewrittenforteachingasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.→Thefirsttextbookswrittenforteachingasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.Ⅰ.语法填空For99days,doctorneverletup.ZhuoHuichang,adoctorwhohasbeeninthefightagainstCOVID-19for99days,said,“Theexperienceisunforgettable,andit’s1._________honorformetodomypartasadoctorwhenthecountryanditspeopleneedme.”

OnJan27,heboardedaplanetoWuhan,theepicenterofCOVID-19outbreakinChina.“Ididn’thesitateforamomentbecauseI2._________(think)aboutitforalongtime,”Zhuosaid.Althoughhischildobjected3._________thedecision,hiswife,whoisalsoamedicalprofessional,gavehimstrongsupport.“Thisisour4._________(responsible),”shesaid.DuringhisstayinWuhan,alltheCOVID-19patientstheywereresponsibleforrecovered,hesaid5._________(proud).

Onemoremissionawaited.AfterZhuoreturnedtoFujianandcompletedhis14-dayquarantine(隔离期),hevolunteeredonApril5toservewithamedicalteamsenttothePhilippines.“Ihadtheexperience6._________IcouldsharewithcolleaguesinthePhilippines,”Zhuosaid,7._________(add)thathewantedtomakeacontributiontotheworld.InthePhilippines,themedicalexpertsspententiredays8._________(share)theirexperiences.“Wewantedtocommunicate9._________wehadlearnedabouttreatmentplansforCOVID-19patients,”hesaid.“Ifeel10._________(connect)toWuhanandthePhilippinesnow,”Zhuosaid.

【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了卓慧昌医生令人难忘的经历,他已经参与抗击新冠肺炎99天。他参与了武汉和菲律宾的医疗队,为抗击新冠肺炎疫情作出了贡献。1.【解析】an。考查冠词。根据名词honor可知此处用冠词,且由音标/ˈɒnə(r)/可知要用an修饰名词。2.【解析】hadbeenthinking/hadthought。考查时态。根据主句谓语didn’thesitate可知从句谓语可用过去完成时或者过去完成进行时表示过去发生的动作,且该动作还有可能继续。故填hadbeenthinking/hadthought。3.【解析】to。考查介词。固定短语objectto“反对”。故填to。4.【解析】responsibility。考查名词。根据our可知此处要用名词,且responsibility是不可数名词。故填responsibility。5.【解析】proudly。考查副词。根据said可知此处要用副词修饰动词。故填proudly。6.【解析】that/which。考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子成分可知,此处是一个限制性定语从句,先行词是experience,指物,且关系词在定语从句中作sharewith的宾语,因此要用that/which。7.【解析】adding。考查非谓语动词。根据Zhuosaid可知此处要用非谓语动词,且逻辑主语Zhuo与add之间是主动关系,因此要用现在分词。故填adding。8.【解析】sharing。考查固定搭配。固定短语spendtime(in)doingsth.“花时间做某事”,根据spententiredays可知此处用现在分词。故填sharing。9.【解析】what。考查宾语从句的引导词。句意:他说:“我们希望交流我们对COVID-19患者治疗方案的了解。”根据wantedtocommunicate可知后接宾语从句,此处缺少宾语从句的引导词;分析宾语从句成分可知,主语是we,谓语是hadlearnedabout,缺少宾语,因此要用引导词what。10.【解析】connected。考查形容词。根据feel可知此处要用形容词作表语。故填connected。Ⅱ.语段填空Recentlywehadaclassmeetingonthetopicofmydream(关于我的梦想的话题).SomementionedtheChineseDream.AndotherstalkedenthusiasticallyabouttheirunderstandingoftheChineseDream(他们对中国梦的理解).Weallbelievethatthisdreamwillcometrue(这个梦想将会实现)inthefuture.Ialsotalkedaboutmyowndream.Ihavealwayswantedtobeadoctor.Notonlycandoctorssavepeople’slives(医生拯救人民的生命),butalsotheyaredoingarespectablejob.Doctorscanhelppeopletoliveabetterlife(过上更好的生活)withtheirprofessionalknowledge.Torealizemydream(为了实现我的梦想),Ishouldtrytostudyhardfromnowon.ImustlearnasmuchasIcantogetintoagoodmedic