2024年十大新兴技术报告（英文）-世界经济论坛

Incollaboration

withFrontiers

Top10Emerging

Technologiesof2024

FLAGSHIPREPORT

JUNE2024

Images:Midjourney,StudioMiko.Allimagesinthis

reporthavebeengeneratedusingartificialintelligence.

Contents

Foreword3

Introduction4

Methodology5

1AIforscientificdiscovery8

2Privacy-enhancingtechnologies11

3Reconfigurableintelligentsurfaces14

4Highaltitudeplatformstations17

5Integratedsensingandcommunication20

6Immersivetechnologyforthebuiltworld23

7Elastocalorics26

8Carbon-capturingmicrobes29

9Alternativelivestockfeeds32

10Genomicsfortransplants35

Appendix38

Contributors

40

Endnotes4

3

Disclaimer

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Top10EmergingTechnologiesof20242

June2024

Top10Emerging

Technologiesof2024

Foreword

FrederickFenter

ChiefExecutiveEditor,Frontiers

Organizationsmakebetterchoiceswhenthey

understandthefactorsshapingthefuture.Since

2011,theTop10EmergingTechnologiesreporthasservedasavitalsourceofstrategicintelligenceforprofessionals.Drawingoninsightsfromscientists,

researchersandfuturists,thereportidentifies

10technologiespoisedtosignificantlyinfluence

societiesandeconomieswithinthreetofiveyears.

Inthis12thedition,wehavebroadenedthescopeanddepthofouranalysis.Wehaveenlistedthe

expertiseofover300world-leadingacademicsfromtheForum’sGlobalFutureCouncilsandFrontiers’globalnetworkofchiefeditors,ensuringadiverseandcomprehensiveperspective.Additionally,

wehaveintroducedaninnovativetrendanalysismethodologyencompassingacademicliterature,fundingtrendsandpatentfilings,bolsteringtherigourandaccuracyofourselectionprocess.

Withtheseenhancements,thisyear’sreport

spotlightstechnologieswithimmensepotentialforrevolutionizingconnectivity,addressingtheurgentchallengesofclimatechangeanddrivinginnovation

JeremyJurgensManagingDirector,

WorldEconomicForum

acrossvariousfields.Fromadvancementsin

materialssciencetotransformativetechnologies

inhealthcareandbeyond,thereportshowcasesadiversearrayofsolutionspoisedtoshapethefuture.

ProducingthisreportwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithouttheCo-ChairsofourEmergingTechnologiesSteeringGroup,MarietteDiChristinaandBernard

Meyerson,whoseleadershipandexpertisehave

beeninstrumentalinshapingthecontentand

ensuringitsrelevanceandimpact.Weextendourheartfeltappreciationtoallthededicatedmembersofthesteeringgroup–manyofwhomhavebeensteadfastcollaboratorsforoveradecade–fortheirunwaveringcommitmenttochampioningindustry-leadingandsociety-servingtechnologies.

Thefutureisbotharealmofstudyandalandscapetoshape.Wehopethisreportwillserveasapivotalcalltoactionforprofessionalsacrosssectors

andregionstocollectivelybuildafuturewhere

technologytransformsandenrichessocietiesandeconomiesworldwide.

Top10EmergingTechnologiesof20243

Introduction

AmessagefromtheTop10EmergingTechnologiesSteeringGroupCo-Chairs.

MarietteDiChristina

BernardMeyerson

Dean,BostonUniversity

ChiefInnovationOfficer

CollegeofCommunication

Emeritus,IBM

AttheheartoftheWorldEconomicForum’smissionofimprovingthestateoftheworldliesthebeliefinthepowerofhumaningenuity,entrepreneurship,

innovationandcooperation.Thatpowerisonfulldisplayinthisyear’seditionoftheTop10EmergingTechnologiesreport.

Breakthroughsinartificialintelligence(AI),suchasdeeplearning,generativeAIandfoundation

models,enableremarkableprogressin

strengtheninghumaninnovation.TheworldisonthecuspofasciencediscoveryrevolutiondrivenbyAI.Uniquelyabletoingestandorganizevast

amountsofinformation,AI-enableddiscoverieswilllikelyimprovediseasemanagement,proposenewmaterialsandbetterourunderstandingofthebodyandmind.Meanwhile,syntheticdatacanprotectpersonalprivacywhileprovidingnewglobaldatasharingandcollaborationopportunities.

Collaboration,ofcourse,reliesonconnection,andseveralofthetop10heraldashifttomoreadaptive,efficientandinclusiveconnectivity.Reconfigurableintelligentsurfaces(RIS)changeshapedynamicallytooptimizewirelesscommunicationlinks;they

combinemeta-materials,smartalgorithmsand

advancedsignalprocessingtocontroland

manipulateelectromagneticwaves.High-altitude

platformstations,throughaircraft,blimpsorevensimpleballoons,canbringmobilenetworkaccesstoremoteregionslackingtheinfrastructurerequiredtodeployground-basedsystems.Suchtechnologycanbridgethedigitaldivide,bringinginternet

accesstoover2.6billionpeoplein100countriesthatstilllackinternetserviceasof2023.Withtheemergenceof6Gsystems,networkscannowact

assensors,usingradiosignalstoscanthephysicalworld,improvingcommunicationperformanceandenablingintegratedsensingandcommunication.

Improvingthestateoftheworldalsomeans

protectingourplanetandpeople.Thisyear,

humanhealthsawthefirstgeneticallyengineeredorganfromapigimplantedsuccessfullyintoa

human,givinghopetothemillionswaitingfor

transplants.Immersivetechnologies,combining

computingpowerandvirtualapproaches,promiserapidimprovementinthesystemsandphysical

infrastructurewerelyondaily.

Ontheenvironmentalfront,manyofthetop

10demonstratehowtechnologycanplaya

multifacetedroleinaddressingclimatechange,

encompassingmitigationstrategies,sustainable

infrastructuredevelopmentandpromotingenergy-efficientsolutions.Elastocalorics,releasingheat

undermechanicalstressandabsorbingitupon

relaxation,promisemuchhigherefficiencyand

lowerenergyusethancurrenttechnology.Similarly,anotherpositiveenvironmentaldevelopmentis

theemergenceofalternativelivestockfeeds,

reducingagroindustrywasteorresidues,native

cropdepletionandrelatedresourceconsumption.Additionally,addressingglobalwarminghead-on,engineeredorganismsthatconvertemissionsintoproductssuchasbiofuelsofferhopeformitigatingincreasingcarbondioxidelevels.

Thefollowingpagesdelveintothespecificationsofthetop10emergingtechnologiesof2024andhowtheycanhelpimprovethestateoftheworld.We

inviteyoutoengageandwelcomeyourfeedback.

Top10EmergingTechnologiesof20244

Methodology

Potentialtechnologiesforthe2024listwere

identifiedthroughasurveydistributedacrossthe

WorldEconomicForum’s

GlobalFutureCouncils

Network

and

UniversityandResearchNetwork

,

theFrontiersnetworkcomprisingover2,000chiefeditorsworldwidefromtopinstitutions,andtheTop10EmergingTechnologiesSteeringGroupmembers.

Respondentswereaskedtoprovidedetailed

informationaboutthetechnologytheyputforward,includingtechnologynameanddescription,

potentialimpact,aswellasacompellingrationaleforwhythetechnologyshouldbeonthe2024list.

Thesurveyreceivedover300validtechnology

nominationsfrom29countries.Tohandlethe

increasedvolumeofresponses,anAI-assisted

tool–theAITrendAnalyzer,builtbyFrontiers–

wasimplementedtoautomatetheinitialscreeningofsurveyanswers.Thistoolclassifiedandclusteredresponsesbasedontrendingtopicsidentifiedthroughananalysisofacademicpublicationsinrecentyears.

Thesteeringgroupwasthenpresentedwitha

curatedlistof70technologiesfromwhichthefinal10wereselected.Thegroupreviewedandselectedthetechnologiesbasedonthefollowingcriteria:

–Novelty:Thetechnologyisemergingandatanearlystageofdevelopmentbutisnotyetwidelyused.

–Applicability:Thetechnologyispotentiallyofsignificantuseandbenefittosocietiesandeconomies.

–Depth:Thetechnologyisbeingdeveloped

bymorethanonecompany,withthefocusofincreasinginvestmentinterestandexcitement.

–Power:Thetechnologyispotentiallygame-changingtoestablishedwaysandindustries.

FIGURE1

Top10selectionprocess

Reporttechnologies

BERTopicgroupings

Intelligentmachinelearning

Alternativelivestockfeed

Proteinsyntheticbiology

Neurotechnology

Carbon-capturingmicrobes

Advanceddata&languagemodelling

Clinicalartificialintelligencesystem

Intelligentsensorycommunication

AIforscientificdiscovery

Quantuminformationscience

Sustainableaviationandfuels

6G-integrateddevices

Waterelectrolysisforgreenhydrogenproduction

Immersivetechnologyforthebuiltworld

Reconfigurableintelligentsurfaces

Survey

Patientdataanalysisintelligence

Privacy-enhancingtechnologies

Elastocalorics

Highaltitudeplatformstations-

Elastocaloricsystems

Integratedsensingandcommunications

Highaltitudecommunicationsystems

Integratedsensingnetworks

Genomicsfortransplants

Top10EmergingTechnologiesof20245

-SteeringCommittee

FIGURE2

Thesefinal10technologiesunderwentfurther

evaluation,leveragingavailabledataonpatents,

fundingandgeographicdistribution,withdata

pulledfromCBInsights.ThereportalsouseddataonacademicgrantfundingpulledfromDimensions.

Thiseditiondelvesintothetechnologies’

ramificationsacrosssectors,includingindustry,economy,society,environment,recent

advancementsandcriticalrequirementsessentialforsuccessfulscaling.Tomeetthedynamismoftheseemergingtechnologies,Frontiershasco-curatedtransformationmapsforeachtechnologyhousedontheForum’sStrategicIntelligence

ExampleStrategicIntelligencetransformation

Platform.Readerscanlearnmoreaboutthekey

issuesofeachtechnologyandhowitconnectstoothertopicsontheglobalagendaaswellasfind

thelatestarticlesonthetopicfromtrustedsources.

Thedescriptionswerepredominantlybased

onthearticlesinthisreport.Keyissueswere

identifiedbasedonguidancefromthesteering

groupauthorsandinputfromFrontiers’editors.

Thesedescriptionswereresearchedandwritten

bytheeditorsatFrontiers.Youareinvitedto

continuetoexploreandmonitorthetechnologiesdrivingtransformationalchangeacrosseconomies,industries,andglobalissues.

Exploremorehere.

map

Source:©2024WorldEconomicForum

Top10EmergingTechnologiesof20246

BOX1

BuildingStrategicIntelligence:areader’sguide

Emergingtechnologieshavethepotentialto

reshapeindustries,economiesandsocietal

structures,presentingbothopportunitiesand

challengesfororganizationsofallsizesandtypes.

Thefollowingquestionsaredesignedtofacilitateadeeperunderstandingofhowthetop10emergingtechnologiesmayimpactyourorganizationand

identifystrategicpathwaysforinnovationandgrowth.

Youareencouragedtoapproachthesequestionswithanopenmind,consideringyourorganization’suniquecontextandobjectives.Whetheryouareabusinessleader,technologist,academicorpolicy-maker,thisframeworkisintendedtoserveasa

startingpointforstrategicdiscussionsanddecision-makingprocesseswithinyourorganization.

–Ifthistechnologyachievesscale,howwillitimpactmyorganization’soperations

andobjectives?

–Whatarethepotentialapplicationsofthistechnologyinmyorganization’scurrentorfuturefocusareas?

–Whatstepscanmyorganizationtaketopositionitselfasakeyplayerinusingandapplyingthistechnologyeffectively?

–Whatpartnershipsorcollaborationsare

essentialforsuccessinthisrapidlyevolvingtechnologicallandscape?

–Doestheadoptionofthistechnologyimplysignificantshiftsinourorganization’scorebusiness,talentstructureoroperational

processes?

–Howcanmyorganizationadaptitscurrentstrategytoharnessthepotentialofthisnewtechnologyasadriverofinnovation,growthand/orimpact?

Top10EmergingTechnologiesof20247

01

AIforscientificdiscovery

Pioneeringnewfrontiersinknowledge

SangYupLee

SeniorVice-President,Research;

DistinguishedProfessor,KoreaAdvancedInstituteofScienceandTechnology

AndrewMaynard

Professor,SchoolfortheFutureofInnovationinSociety,ArizonaStateUniversity

OlgaFink

AssistantProfessor,IntelligentMaintenance

andOperationsSystems,SwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyinLausanne

ThomasHartung

Professor,BloombergSchoolofPublicHealth,JohnsHopkinsUniversity

Scientistspredictthatgeneral-purposeAIwill

transformeverypartofthescientificdiscovery

processoverthenextfewyears.Researcherscandrawonpastfindingstoenvisionnewpossibilities–AIallowsconnectionstobemadeandinferencestobedrawnthatliebeyondthecapacityof

humanmindsalone.

Ethicalconsiderationsandchallengesremain–theextentoftherisktoindividualprivacy,autonomy

andidentityandthepossibilityofsocietal

disruptionscausedbythesepowerfultechnologiesarenotyetfullyknown.5Additionally,environmentalimpactsresultingfromtheenergyconsumptionandresourceextractionneededtosustainAIgrowth

mustalsobeconsidered.

Equally,moreresearchisneededtomanagethe

impactofthetechnologyeffectively.6Forexample,tacklinginherentbiasesindatasetsandenhancingthereliabilityofmodel-generatedcontentiscrucialtoscientificintegrity.Ensuringethicaldatause

andsafeguardingresearchsubjectprivacyrequirestringentsecuritymeasures.Navigatingintellectualpropertyrights,particularlyownershipandcopyrightofmodel-generatedcontentisessentialtoa

collaborativeenvironmentandmustbeaddressed.

Breakthroughsinartificialintelligence(AI)–suchasdeeplearning,generativeAIandotherfoundation

models–enablescientiststomakediscoveriesthatwouldhavebeennear-impossibleotherwiseand

acceleratetherateofscientificdiscoverymorebroadly.

Overthepastfewyears,therehasbeena

transformationinhowAIisusedinscientific

discoveries.FromDeepMind’sAlphaFold–anAI

systemthataccuratelypredictsthe3Dmodelsof

proteinstructures–todiscoveringanewfamilyofantibioticsandmaterialsformoreefficientbatteries,theworldisonthecuspofanAI-drivenrevolutioninhownewknowledgeisdiscoveredandused.1,2,3AccordingtoarecentreportfromtheUnitedStatesPresident’sCouncilofAdvisorsonScienceand

Technology,“AIhasthepotentialtotransformeveryscientificdisciplineandmanyaspectsofthewayweconductscience”.4

WhileAIhasbeenusedinresearchformanyyears,recentadvancesindeeplearning,generativeAIandfoundationmodelsaretransformative.Scientists

arebuildingandusinglargelanguagemodelsto

minescientificliterature,workingwithAIchatbotstobrainstormnewhypotheses,creatingAImodelscapableofanalysingvastamountsofscientific

Scientistsarebuilding

andusinglargelanguage

modelstominescientific

literature,workingwithAI

chatbotstobrainstormnewhypotheses,creatingAI

modelscapableofanalysingvastamountsofscientific

data,andusingdeeplearningtomakediscoveries.

data,andusingdeeplearningtomakediscoveries.TheyarealsoexploringhowAIandroboticscanbeintegratedwithlab-basedmethodstoaccelerate

researchininnovativeways.

Asaresult,AIisemergingasatransformative

个Image:

AIbreakthroughsindeeplearningandgenerativemodelsaretransformingscientificdiscovery.

Credit:MidjourneyandStudioMiko.

Prompt(abbreviated):“Complexdatapointscomingtogetherandbeingsimplified”

Readmore:

Formoreexpertanalysis,visitthe

AIforscientificdiscovery

transformationmap.

general-purposetechnologyinscientificresearchthatcanunearthdiscoveriesthatwouldhave

otherwiseremainedhidden.Withthecurrentrateofinnovation,thesearelikelytoleadtoadvancesintheareasof:

–Diagnosis,treatmentandpreventionofdiseases.

–Novelmaterialsthatenablenext-generationgreentechnologies.

–Breakthroughsinthelifesciencesthatextendcurrentunderstandingofbiology.

–Transformativeleapsinhowthehumanmindisunderstood,andmanymore.

Top10EmergingTechnologiesof20249

Regionsofinnovation

CountrieswiththemostbusinessandacademicgrantfundinginAIforscientificdiscoveryfrom2021-2023

Topfivecountriesbybusinessfunding

China

2$19billion

India

3$5.8billion

Germany5$2.5billion

UnitedKingdom$5.2billion

4

1$74.1billion

UnitedStates

United

Norway

Canada

UnitedStates

Kingdom

1

3

Japan

$33million

2$58million

$3.6billion

4$547million

5$143million

Topfivecountriesbyacademicgrantfunding

Leading-edgeindustries

IndustrieswiththemostfundinginAIforscientificdiscoveryfrom2021-2023

Internet$66.5billion

Software$24.1billion

Healthcare$10.3billion

Computerhardware$4.3billion

Industrials$4.2billion

Top10EmergingTechnologiesof202410

02

Privacy-enhancingtechnologies

Empoweringglobalcollaborationatscale

个Image:

Privacy-enhancing

technologiesenablesecuresharinganduseofsensitivedata.

Credit:MidjourneyandStudioMiko.

Prompt(abbreviated):

“Datapointsobscuredbyfrostedglasswithetchings”

Readmore:

Formoreexpert

analysis,visitthe

privacy-

enhancingtechnologies

transformationmap.

DongwonLee

Professor,PennsylvaniaStateUniversity

AndrewMaynard

Professor,SchoolfortheFutureofInnovationinSociety,ArizonaStateUniversity

BastiaanvanSchijndel

InnovationManager,ZORGTTP

OlgaFink

AssistantProfessor,IntelligentMaintenance

andOperationsSystems,SwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyinLausanne

LisettevanGemert-Pijnen

Professor,PersuasiveHealthTechnology,UniversityofTwente

thatdon’tcompromisetherightsandsafetyofindividualsandcommunitiesisalreadyshowingpromiseforacceleratingadvancesindiseasedetection,treatmentandprevention.10

Effectivedatasharingandutilizationtechnologies

thatprotectprivacy,securityanddatasovereigntyareessentialiftheemergingpotentialofAIistoberealized.Yet,despitetheirpotential,syntheticdataandhomomorphicencryptionhaveseverallimitations.Theseincludepoorrepresentationofpotentially

significantedgecasesoroutliersinthecaseof

syntheticdataandthepotentialabilitytoinferor

reconstructsensitivedatadespitethede-identificationinherentinbothtechniques.Furtherworkonthe

technologiesandtheusepoliciessurroundingthemwillbenecessarytoensuretheirsuccess.11

Accesstoincreasinglylargedatasets–especially

whenusingAI–transformsresearch,discovery

andinnovation.However,concernsaroundprivacy,securityanddatasovereigntylimitthedegreetowhichhigh-valuedatacanbesharedandusednationallyandglobally.Anemergingandpowerfulsuiteof

technologiesmakesitpossibletoshareanduse

sensitivedatainwaysthataddresstheseconcerns.

Inrecentyears,therehasbeengrowinginterestin“syntheticdata”.7Thesedatareplicatethepatternsandtrendsinsensitivedatasetsbutdonotcontainspecificinformationthatcouldbelinkedtoindividualsorcompromiseorganizationsorgovernments.

PoweredbyadvancesinAI,syntheticdataremovesmanyoftherestrictionstoworkingwithsensitivedataandopensnewpossibilitiesinglobaldatasharingandcollaborativeresearchonbiologicalphenomena,health-relatedstudies,trainingAImodelsandmore.However,evenwiththeadventofsyntheticdataatanationallevel,healthtrendsinasourcenationwillbeexposed,andsuchconcernswillneedtobeovercome.

Therehasalsobeenrenewedinterestinhomomorphicencryption,atechnologyfromthe1970s.8,9Ratherthanrecreatedatasetswiththesamecharacteristicsastherawdata,homomorphicencryptionallows

encodeddatatobeanalysedwithouttherawdatabeingdirectlyaccessible.Whilepromising,such

encryptionrequiressignificantlymoreenergyandtimetoachieveasecureresult.

AsadvancesinAItransformthevalueofdata,

techniqueslikesyntheticdatagenerationand

homomorphicencryptionarepredictedtoenablesharingandaccesstodatawhileensuringprivacy,securityanddatasovereignty.Withinhealth-relatedresearch,inparticular,accesstodatainways

Poweredbyadvancesin

AI,syntheticdataremovesmanyoftherestrictionsto

workingwithsensitivedataandopensnewpossibilitiesinglobaldatasharingand

collaborativeresearchon

biologicalphenomena,

health-relatedstudies,

trainingAImodelsandmore.

Top10EmergingTechnologiesof202412

Regionsofinnovation

Countrieswiththemostbusinessandacademicgrantfundinginprivacy-enhancingtechnologiesfrom2021-2023

China

2$1.6billion

Topfivecountriesbybusinessfunding

CaymanIslands$467million

UnitedStates

UnitedKingdom$895million

Netherlands4$1.2billion

3

5

1

$4.6billion

3

4

Czechia$6million

Switzerland$14million

UnitedStates

UnitedKingdom

Finland5$4million

1

$372million

2$39million

Topfivecountriesbyacademicgrantfunding

Leading-edgeindustries

Industrieswiththemostfundinginprivacy-enhancingtechnologiesfrom2021-2023

Internet$5.1billion

Software$1.7billion

Electronics$1.5billion

●

Healthcare$429million

Industrials$189million

Top10EmergingTechnologiesof202413

03

Reconfigurableintelligentsurfaces

Transformingwirelessconnectivitywithsmartmirrors

Mohamed-SlimAlouini

Al-KhwarizmiDistinguishedProfessor,Electrical

andComputerEngineering,KingAbdullahUniversityofScienceandTechnology

JosephCostantine

AssociateProfessor,ElectricalandComputerEngineering,AmericanUniversityofBeirut

MarcoDiRenzo

CNRSResearchDirector,LaboratoryofSignalsandSystems(L2S),Paris-SaclayUniversity

JavierGarcia-Martinez

Professor,ChemistryandDirector,MolecularNanotechnologyLab,UniversityofAlicante

withminimalpowerfortheinternetofthings

(IoT),whichdemandsconsiderableenergy.For

vehicularnetworks,RISenhancesafetybyenablingrobustcommunicationsbetweenvehiclesand

infrastructure.Toimprovecoverageinagriculturalsettings,RISareapromisingsolutionwithlow

energyconsumptionandhigh-costefficiency.18

MarketintelligencereportssuggestRISareonthecuspofexponentialadoptionandgrowth.Severalcompanies,includingRhode&Schwarz,Huawei,

ZTE,IntelandSamsung,areallinvestinginRIS,

sendingastrongsignalthatRISwillbecentraltothetelecommunicationslandscapeinthecomingyears.19

Beforethishappens,however,severaloutstandingchallengeswillhavetobeaddressed,includinghighhardwarecostsandtheneedforclearstandards

andregulationsonthesecureandethicaluseofthetechnology.20

Globaldemandforhigherdatarates,lowerlatencyandenergy-efficientconnectivityisskyrocketing.12Thehighlyanticipatedlaunchof6Gby2030is

expectedtointensifythispressureevenfurther.Tomeetthesechallenges,futurenetworkswill

needtobeengineeredforenhancedcapacity

andconnectivityandwithastrongfocuson

environmentalsustainability.Enterreconfigurableintelligentsurfaces(RIS),platformsthatuse

metamaterials,smartalgorithmsandadvancedsignalprocessingtoturnordinarywallsand

surfacesintointelligentcomponentsforwirelesscommunication.

Akintotheideaof“smartmirrors”,RISenable

theprecisionfocusingcontrolofelectromagneticwaves,reducinginterferenceandtheneedfor

hightransmissionpower.Equally,RISarehighly

adaptiveandcandynamicallyadjustconfigurationsaccordingtoreal-timedemands.Thisadaptabilityenablesefficientuseofresourcesandenhances

RISarehighlyadaptive

andcandynamicallyadjustconfigurationsaccordingtoreal-timedemands.

Thisadaptabilityenables

efficientuseofresourcesandenhancesenergyefficiencyinwirelessnetworks.

个Image:

RISenhancedatarates

andenergyefficiency

whilereducinginterference

andarecriticaltonext-generationwirelessnetworks.

Credit:MidjourneyandStudioMiko.

Prompt(abbreviated):“Closeup3Drender

ofmodularwirelesstransmitter”

Readmore:

Formoreexpert

analysis,visitthe

RIS

transformationmap.

energyefficiencyinwirelessnetworks.13,14,15

ThedevelopmentofhardwareplatformsandasurgeinexperimentalinitiativesinthefieldofRIShave

drawnconsiderableinterestfromtelecommunicationstakeholderskeenonexploringitspotential