新教材2024版高中英语Unit12InnovationPartBLesson1ScientificBreakthroughs学生用书北师大版选择性必修第四册VIP

PartBLesson1ScientificBreakthroughs【学习目标】课时词汇scientific,committed,donate,correspond,instant,launch,orbit,split,subsequently,constant,perceive,outcome,efficiently,propose常用短语nottomention,rangefromAtoB,figureout,singleout典型句式1.so...that...引导结果状语从句2．疑问词＋动词不定式3．含蓄虚拟条件Ⅰ.核心单词练习：依据所给词性和汉意，写出相应的英语单词1．____________num.百万2．____________n.青霉素，盘尼西林3．____________n.结果，后果4．____________vt.察觉，留意到，发觉5．____________vi.&vt.分割，把……分开；分成(不同部分)6．____________adj.最好的；最重要的7．____________adj.虚心的，谦卑的8．____________vt.放射；发动，发起，起先从事9．____________n.人造卫星；卫星10．____________n.轨道vi.&vt.沿轨道运行Ⅱ.写出下面所给单词的拓展形式1．biologyn．生物学→____________n．生物学家2．constantadj.恒久不变的；持续不断的，常常发生的；n.常量，恒量→____________adv.时常地；持续不断地3．accuracyn．精确性；精准度；正确，精确→__________adj.正确的，精密的→____________adv.精确地4．physicsn．物理学→____________n．物理学家5．joinvt.连接；加入→____________adj.联合的，共同的，共有的6．partn．部分→____________n．粒子，质点7．circlen．圆(形)→____________n．电路，线路；环形道路8．efficientadj.有效率的→____________adv.有效率地，高效能地→____________n．效率，效能9．proposevt.提出(某观点、方法等)→____________n．提议10．navyn．海军→____________adj.海军的→____________vt.航行，驾驶(船、飞机等)[词语积累][1]nottomention更不用说[2]microscope/'maɪkrəskəʊp/n．显微镜[3]stagevt.组织；筹划；实行[4]donate/dəʊ'neɪt/vi.&vt.捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠，捐献[5]correspond/ˌkɒrə'spɒnd/vi.通信[6]instant/'ɪnstənt/adj.马上的，马上的[7]launch/lɔːntʃ/vt.放射；发动，发起，起先从事[8]satellite/'sætəlaɪt/n．人造卫星；卫星[9]orbit/'ɔːbɪt/n．轨道vi.&vt.沿轨道运行[10]split/splɪt/vi.&vt.分割，把……分开；分成(不同部分)[11]previouslyadv.以前；之前[12]particle/'pɑːtɪkəl/n．粒子，质点[13]singleout单独挑出；特别选出[14]premier/'premiə/adj.最好的；最重要的[15]outspoken/aʊt'spəʊkən/adj.坦率的，直言不讳的[16]rockv．摇动；使摇摆[17]subsequently/'sʌbsəkwəntli/adv.后来，随后[18]massn．块；团[19]unbelievableadj.难以置信的[20]relativity/ˌrelə'tɪvəti/n．相对性[21]constant/'kɒnstənt/adj.恒久不变的；持续不断的，常常发生的n.常量，恒量[22]finding/'faɪndɪŋ/n．探讨的结果；发觉[23]biologist/baɪ'ɒləɪst/n．生物学家[24]bacterian．细菌[25]double-checkv．细致检查；复核[26]mould/məʊld/n．霉，霉菌[27]penicillin/ˌpenɪ'sɪlɪn/n．青霉素，盘尼西林[28]perceive/pə'siːv/vt.察觉，留意到，发觉[29]mass-producevt.大量生产[30]million/'mɪljən/num.百万[31]humble/'hʌmbəl/adj.虚心的，谦卑的[32]outcome/'aʊtkʌm/n．结果，后果[33]curevt.治愈[34]navy/'neɪvi/n．海军[35]accuracy/'ækjərəsi/n．精确性；精准度；正确，精确[36]missile/'mɪsaɪl/n．导弹，飞弹[37]turnto求助于[38]physicist/'fɪzɪsɪst/n．物理学家[39]joint/dʒɔɪnt/adj.联合的，共同的，共有的[40]nothinglike一点儿也不像[41]measurelinkingv.(尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为……[42]tube/tjuːb/n．圆管，管子；电视显像管，阴极射线管[43]circuit/'sɜːkɪt/n．电路，线路；环形道路[44]switchn．开关[45]efficiently/ɪ'fɪʃəntli/adv.有效率地，高效能地[46]propose/prə'pəʊz/vt.提出(某观点、方法等)[47]enablevt.使能够[48]mini-networkn．小型网络[49]establishvt.建立[50]connectv.(使)连接；联结[51]unimaginableadj.难以想像的[52]bededicatedto奉献；从事于；献身于[53]qualityn．质量[54]transformvt.变更，使……变形；转换[55]thechainofcommoninterests共同利益链[56]thereisnodoubt毫无疑问Ifyouhadtochoosethesinglemostimportantdiscoveryofthe20thcentury,youwouldhavearealproblemonyourhands.【1】Injust100years,theworldhaschangedcompletely.Amazingdiscoveriesweremadeinmedicine,communicationsandtransport,nottomention[1]ourknowledgeoftheworldandspace.Medicaladvancesrangedfromdiscoveringthecausesofdiseasesundermicroscopes[2]tostaging[3]operationstoreplacediseasedorganswithdonated[4]ones.Communicationschangedwiththeintroductionofmobilephones,andthewaywecorrespond[5]wentfromwritingletterstoemailingandsendinginstant[6]messages.【2】Westartedflyingaroundtheworld,launching[7]satellites[8]intoorbit[9]and,atthesametime,scientistsfiguredouthowtosplit[10]theatom,previously[11]thoughttobethesmallestparticle[12]ofmatterintheuniverse.【3】【1】虚拟条件句，与现在事实相反的假设。主句谓语用“would＋动词原形”，从句谓语用did或were。【2】and连接两个并列分句，在其次个分句中，wecorrespond是定语从句，修饰先行词theway，引导词that/inwhich习惯省略。【3】and连接两个并列分句。launching...是现在分词短语作状语；howtosplittheatom是“疑问词＋不定式”结构，作figuredout的宾语；previouslythoughttobe...作后置定语。Althoughitisimpossibletochoosethemostimportantdiscovery,itispossibletosingleout[13]afewpioneersofthe20thcentury.【4】Herearesomeofthem.【4】本句包含着Although引导的让步状语从句。主从句结构一样，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。Oneofthe20thcentury'spremier[14]scientistswasAlbertEinstein.Inthesummerof1905,thisoutspoken[15]youngmanwasrocking[16]hisone-year-oldbabywhenhewassuddenlyinspired.【5】Subsequently[17]，“E＝mc2”wasborn.Itshowedhowasmallpieceofmass[18]couldproduceanunbelievable[19]amountofenergy.Einsteinthenshowedinhis“theoryofrelativity[20]”thatnoteventime,massorlengthareconstant[21]—theychangeaccordingtoourexperienceofthem.【5】本句中含有bedoing...when...结构，意为“正在……，这时……”。In1928,anotherimportantfinding[22]wasmadebybiologist[23]AlexanderFleming.Beforehewentonholiday,Flemingleftadishofbacteria[24]inhislaboratory.Whenhecameback,henoticedsomethingstrange.Hedouble-checked[25]andsawabluemould[26]inthedisharoundwhichthebacteriahadbeendestroyed.【6】Thisbluemouldwasinfactthenaturalformofpenicillin[27]，whichFlemingperceived[28]couldbeusedtokillbacteria.【7】Afewyearslater,penicillinwasbeingmass-produced[29]andhelpingtosavethelivesofmillions[30].Flemingremainedhumble[31]abouttheamazingoutcome[32]ofhisdiscovery.“Naturemadepenicillin，”hesaid,“Ijustfoundit.”【6】本句的主句是Hedouble-checkedandsawabluemouldinthedish;aroundwhichthebacteriahadbeendestroyed是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词abluemould。【7】which引导非限制性定语从句，Flemingperceived为插入语，关系词which在从句中作主语。DuringWorldWarⅡ，whenFleming'sdiscoverywasfirsthelpingtocure[33]people,theUSNavy[34]waslookingforwaysofimprovingtheaccuracy[35]oftheirmissiles[36].Thenavyturnedto[37]Eckert,anengineer,andMauchly,aphysicist[38]，todealwiththeproblemandproduceamachinetodothejobinajoint[39]effort.Althoughtheyonlyfinishedafterthewarin1946,itdidnotmatter.Thishugemachinewastheworld'sfirstcomputer,butitwasnothinglike[40]ourcomputerstoday.Itmeasured[41]100feetlongbyover10feethighandweighedover30，000kilograms.With18，000tubes[42]，thousandsofcircuits[43]and6，000switches[44]，itusedsomuchenergythatwhenitwasturnedon,thelightsinthelocaltownwentout！【8】【8】本句中包含着so...that...结构，that引导结果状语从句，在这个从句中，whenitwasturnedon是时间状语从句。Withthedevelopmentofcomputers,peopleexpectedtogetmorethingsdoneefficiently[45].【9】DuringtheColdWar,a“hugenetwork”ofcomputerswasproposed[46]bytwoAmericanscientists.Withcomputerstalkingtooneanother,itwouldenable[47]governmentleaderstocommunicatewitheachother.【10】Bytheendofthe1960s,somemini-networks[48]wereestablished[49]，butonlyafewcomputerscouldconnect[50]tothem.In1990.TimBerners-LeeinventedtheWorldWideWeb,whichenabledcomputersallovertheworldtocommunicatewitheachother.【11】Nowadays,lifewithouttheInternetformostpeopleisunimaginable[51].【9】本句中getmorethingsdone是get的复合结构。【10】Withcomputerstalkingtooneanother是with复合结构，现在分词短语talkingtooneanother作宾补。【11】which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词theWorldWideWeb。Thesepioneersofthe20thcenturywerealldedicatedto[52]improvingthequality[53]ofhumanlifeonEarth.Humanlifeonthisplanethasbeentransformed[54]intoa“globalvillage”，withallthedifferentcountrieslinkedinthechainofcommoninterests[55].【12】Thereisnodoubt[56]aboutit.Withoutthebreakthroughsofthesepioneersinscienceandtechnology,whetherluckyorplanned,theworldasweknowittodaywouldbeacompletelydifferentplace.【13】【12】本句中withallthedifferentcountrieslinkedinthechainofcommoninterests是with复合结构。【13】本句用without短语表示含蓄虚拟条件句。假如你必需在20世纪的重大发觉中选出最重要的一项，这可不是件简洁的事。在仅仅100年中，世界就完全变样了。医学、通信和交通方面都有惊人的发觉，更别提我们对世界和太空的相识了。医学上的进步范围很广，从利用显微镜(microscope)揭示病因、施行手术，到用捐赠(donate)的器官置换病变的器官。移动电话的运用给通信业带来了变更，我们的通信(correspond)方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时(instant)信息。我们起先坐飞机周游世界，把人造卫星(satellite)放射(launch)至轨道(orbit)。同时，科学家们发觉了如何分裂(split)原子，在此之前，原子被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒(particle)。尽管不太可能选出哪项发觉是最重要的，但是选择出20世纪的几位先驱还是可能的。例如以下几位。20世纪最杰出的(premier)一位科学家是爱因斯坦。1905年夏天，这个坦率的(outspoken)年轻人给他一岁的孩子晃动摇篮时，突然受到启发。随后(subsequently)，“E＝mc2”诞生了。它证明白一小块物质可以产生巨大的能量。爱因斯坦随后在他的“相对(relativity)论”中指出，即使是时间、质量或长度也不是恒定不变的(constant)，它们依据我们对它们的感知而变更。1928年，另一项重要的发觉(finding)由生物学家(biologist)亚历山大·弗莱明发觉了。在去度假之前，弗莱明在试验室里放了一个培育细菌的器皿。回来时，他留意到器皿里有点儿惊异。经过细致检查，他发觉器皿里有一种蓝色的霉菌(mould)，而霉菌四周的细菌已经被杀死了。这种蓝色的霉菌事实上是自然状态的青霉素(penicillin)，弗莱明认为(perceive)它可以用来杀死细菌。数年后，青霉素起先大量生产，帮助挽救了数百万(million)人的生命。弗莱明对他这一发觉的惊人结果(outcome)保持虚心的(humble)看法，他说：“是大自然制造了青霉素，我只是发觉了它。”其次次世界大战期间，正值弗莱明的发觉首次用来帮助治愈病人时，美国海军(navy)正在找寻提高导弹(missile)精准度(accuracy)的方法。海军求助于工程师埃克特和物理学家(physicist)莫克利来解决这一问题，两人共同(joint)努力制造一台机器来完成这项工作。尽管机器在1946年斗争结束后才制造出来，但仍产生了巨大影响。这台巨大的机器是世界上第一台计算机，但是与今日的计算机完全不同。它长100英尺，高10多英尺，重30000多千克。它有18000个阴极射线管(tube)，数千条电路(circuit)和6000个开关，耗电量异样巨大，以至于当它启动的时候，当地全部的灯都熄灭了！随着计算机的发展，人们期望能有效地(efficiently)完成更多的事情。冷战期间，两位美国科学家提出(propose)建立一个计算机的“浩大网络”。计算机能互换信息，可使政府领导人相互沟通。到20世纪60年头末，一些小型网络已经建立起来，但只有少数计算机可以接入。1990年，蒂姆·伯纳斯·李独创了万维网，使世界各地的计算机能够相互通信。如今，对大多数人来说，没有互联网的生活是不行思议的。这些20世纪的先驱都致力于改善地球上人类的生活质量。不同国家因共同利益而连接起来，使得这个星球上人类的生活已经转变为“地球村”。这是毫无疑问的。假如没有这些先驱取得的科技突破，无论这些突破是偶然发觉的还是支配之中的，我们今日所熟知的世界将是一个完全不同的地方。Ⅰ.课文结构图示Ⅱ.课文预习自测1．Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Totellusatomisnotthesmallestparticle.B．Towarnusscientificbreakthroughscomewithproblems.C．Tochoosethemostimportantdiscoveryofthe20thcentury.D．Toshowsomeofthemostimportantscientificbreakthroughsofthe20thcentury.2．Inwhatorderarethepioneersarranged?A．Time. B．Logic.C．Space. D．Importance.3．Thepioneersmentionedhaveallthefollowingincommonexceptthat________．A．theymadetheirdiscoveriesbyaccidentB．allofthemhavemadeadifferencetotheworldC．theirbreakthroughswereinscienceandtechnologyD.theywerealldevotedtoimprovingthequalityofhumanlife4．Whichofthefollowinginvolvesjointworkofmorethanonepioneer?A．E＝mc2.B．Penicillin.C．Theworld'sfirstcomputer.D．TheWorldWideWeb.5．Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?►第一版块：核心单词1.scientificadj.科学(上)的(教材P52)Scientificbreakthroughs科学突破ascientificworker一名科学工作者ascientificdiscovery科学发觉ascientificexperiment科学试验scientificresearch/studies科学探讨scientificknowledge科学学问thescientificmethod科学方法scientificprogress科学进步❶Thescientificinnovationisbeneficialtothewholefactory.科学创新对全厂都有益。❷Thescientistshavemadegreatscientificbreakthroughsinthefieldofscience.科学家们在科学领域取得了重大的科学突破。词语积累：scientistn．科学家sciencen．科学scientificallyadv.科学(上)地构词学问：-fic形容词后缀，表示“致……的”、“令……的”，“产生……的”，或表示具有某种性质的(变作-ific)。如：colorificadj.产生颜色的terrificadj.令人胆怯 的horrificadj.可怕的acidificadj.化为酸性的calorificadj.生热的specificadj.特别的somnificadj.催眠的honorificadj.敬重的scientificadj.科学的pacificadj.和平的即学即练单句语法填空①The________(science)isgiftedininnovationandhasmadegreatcontributionstoourcountry.②Wehavefoundfurther________(science)evidenceforthistheory.③However,thisentireconceptionis________(science)inaccurate.④Ingeneral,________(science)don'thavemuchfreetimeas________(science)researchtakesalmostalltheirtime.2mittedadj.不遗余力的，坚决的commitvt.犯(错误、罪行)，干(坏事)；承诺，保证；投入(钱、时间、人力等)vi.忠于commitmentn．投入，奉献；承诺(1)becommittedto(doing)sth.尽力做某事；承诺做某事(2)commitanerror犯错commitmurder犯凶杀罪commitacrime犯罪commitsuicide自杀(3)commitsb./oneselfto(doing)sth.承诺做某事commitsb.todosth.承诺做某事commitsth.tosth.把某物投入到某事上❶Themostawkwardemailmistakeisusuallycommittedinanger.最尴尬的邮件错误通常是在生气中犯的。❷Nevertheless,wemustnotcommitthemistakeofanalysingprogressonlyfromonepointofview.然而，我们确定不能犯只从一个角度分析进步的错误。常见搭配：committosb./sth.忠于……commitanhourtoreadingEnglish抽出一小时读英语即学即练单句语法填空①AndtensofmillionsinAfricaandAsiacanseebecauseofthe________(commit)Wilsonmadetopreventingthepreventable.②Hewenttojail________committingacrime.③Welostthecontestfor________(commit)amistake.④Thecompanycommittedmillionsofdollars________theproject.⑤Shecommitstwohoursadayto________(practise)thepiano.⑥Hecommitted________(pay)theworkershighwages.⑦Icommittedmyself________(help)him.3.donatevi.&vt.捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠；捐献donationn．捐赠，捐赠物donate...to...向……捐赠……donatemoneytoaworthycause为有价值的事业捐款donatesomemoneytohelpthepeopleinneed捐一些钱来帮助有须要的人donateblood献血donateorgans捐献器官❶Hefrequentlydonateslargesumstocharity.他常常向慈善机构捐赠大笔钱款。❷Lastyearhedonated$1，000tocancerresearch.去年他捐了1000美元支持癌症探讨。❸Theworkofthecharityisfundedbyvoluntarydonations.这家慈善机构工作所需资金是人们自愿捐赠的。词语积累：donationn．捐赠物；捐赠makeadonationto向……捐赠donorn．捐赠者近义词：contribute(只能表示捐献财物，不表示献血或捐献器官)即学即练单句语法填空①Theschoolmasterurgedthatweshoulddonatesomebooks________thechildreninthepoorarea.②Hemadeagenerous________(donate)tothecharity.③Allthe________(donate)moneywillbeusedtohelpthehomelesschildren.完成句子④Theretiredman________________________________(把他的大部分积蓄捐给了)theschoolsdamagedbytheearthquake.⑤Thechildreninthestormstrickenareashowedtheirappreciationforthemoneyandgoodswe________________(向他们捐献)intheirletters.4．correspondvi.通信；符合，一样，相对应；相当于(教材P52)．..thewaywecorrespondwentfromwritingletterstoemailingandsendinginstantmessages.……我们的通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。correspondwithsb.与某人通信correspondto/with与……相符correspondto相当于correspondregularly常常通信❶Althoughhestaysabroadalone,hefrequentlycorrespondswithhisfriends.尽管他独自一人待在国外，但是他常和他的挚友们通信。❷Hisactionsdonotcorrespondto/withhiswords.他言行不一样。词语积累：correspondingadj.符合的；相应的；相关的correspondencen．通信；一样；符合keepupacorrespondence(withsb.)(与某人)保持通信incorrespondencewith与……一样；与……有通信联系经典例句：Thefunctionofthismachinecorrespondstothatofthehumanbrain.这种机器的作用就相当于人脑的作用。Youraccountoftheincidentisincorrespondencewithhers.对这件事你的说法和她的说法是一样的。即学即练单句语法填空①We'vecorresponded________eachotherbyemailforyears.②Profitshaverisenby15percentcomparedwiththe________(correspond)periodlastyear.③I'vebeencorresponding________severalexpertsinthefield.完成句子④Shestill________________(和……通信)friendsshemetinMajorcanineyearsago.⑤TheAmericanCongress________________(相当于)theBritishParliament.⑥Theresultofthescientificexperimentdoesn't________________(与……相符)whatwepredicted.⑦我们已相互通信多年了，可是我从未见过他。We________________________________________eachotherforyearsbutI'veneveractuallymethim.5．instantadj.马上的，马上的；速食的，速溶的，便利的n.[C]瞬间，片刻；某一时刻instantcoffee速溶咖啡instantnoodles便利面atthatinstant在那一瞬间theinstant(that)一……就……(相当于assoonas)foraninstant一瞬间(指动作持续的时间)inaninstant马上，马上(指动作不久将发生)instantlyadv.马上；马上；即刻❶Ifeltinstantreliefaftertakingacoupleoftablets.服用了几片药以后我马上感到轻松了。❷Irecognisedhertheinstant(that)Isawher.我一眼就认出她来了。❸Hefrozewithshockforaninstant.刹那间他惊呆了。❹Sheisgiftedinpickingupatuneinstantlyonthepiano.她很有天赋，听到曲子就能马上用钢琴弹出来。表示“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句的单词和短语常见的有：①assoonas②immediately,directly，instantly③themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant④hardly(scarcely,rarely)...when,nosooner...than⑤on/upon＋名词/动名词经典例句：Theshowwasaninstantsuccess.演出一炮打响。Thepaindisappearedinaninstant．难受马上就消逝了。Hegotintoapanicinstantlyhesawsmokerisingfromhisroom.他看到他的房间里冒出了烟，突然惊惶起来。即学即练单句语法填空①Thebirdsflewawayinalldirections________instanttheycaughtsightofamancomingnear.②Theseboysandgirlsjumpedwithjoy________(instant)thechairmanannouncedtheresultofthegame.③Therepresentativesoftheinternationalcompanywillarrive________aninstantandweshouldgetpreparedtogreetthem.④Hestoodthere________aninstantandthenmadeuphismindtodonatebloodtothepoorboy.完成句子⑤Theshowwas________________________(马上胜利了)。6．launchv.&n．放射；发动，发起，起先从事；使(船，尤指新船)下水v.&n．(首次)上市，发行(教材P52)Westartedflyingaroundtheworld,launchingsatellitesintoorbit...我们起先坐飞机周游世界，把人造卫星放射至轨道……launchacommunicationssatellite放射通信卫星launchaninvestigation起先调查launchanattack发起攻击launchanationalcampaignagainstsmoking发起一场全国性的禁烟运动❶AnotherChinesedesignedandbuiltshipwasrecentlylaunched.又一艘中国设计制造的船最近下水了。❷Hetookadvantageofhissportingbackgroundtolaunchanewbrandofsportswear.他利用他的体育背景推出了一种新品牌的运动服。经典例句：Thecompanylaunchedaninvestigationintothemarketdemandanddecidedtolaunchtheirnewproduct.这家公司调查了市场需求，确定推出他们的新产品。即学即练单句语法填空①Thenewmodelwill________(launch)inJuly.②Withaninstantcampaign________(launch)atmidnightlastnight,thosepeopleinthehotelwerearrested.完成句子③Theorganisationhas________________(发起一场活动)toraisemoney.④Thepoliceareplanningto________________(起先调查)intothemurder.⑤He________________(创办了一个企业)whenhewas30yearsold.⑥We________________(放射了另一颗卫星)lastmonth.7．orbitn．轨道vi.&vt.沿轨道运行theMoon'sorbitaroundtheEarth月球环绕地球运行的轨道inorbit在轨道上gointoorbit进入轨道put/oorbit将……送入轨道orbittheEarth绕地球运行❶ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteintoorbitabovethemooninaspotwhereitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.中国首先必需把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球放射信号。❷Whileastronautscannotgotowatchabaseballgameoramovieinorbit,therearemanyfamiliaractivitiesthattheycanstillenjoy.(while“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句)虽然宇航员不能在轨道上看棒球竞赛或看电影，但他们照旧可以享受很多熟识的活动。经典例句：MarsandEarthhaveorbitswhichchangewithtime.火星与地球的运行轨道随着时间而变更。Theplanetisprobablyinorbitaroundasmallstar.这颗行星可能正环围着一颗小恒星运行。即学即练单句语法填空①Theysucceededinputtingaman－madesatellite________orbit.②Thesatellitewillremain________orbit________severalyears.③Themoon'sorbit________theearthisanellipse.8.splitvi.&vt.分割，把……分开；分成(不同部分)vt.共享，分摊，分担splitup把……分小组；分解；使断绝关系，拆散split(up)...into...把……分成……splitsth.between在……之间支配，分摊Shesplittheclassintogroupsoffour.她按四人一组把全班分成若干小组。经典例句：Inaseveregaletheshipsplitintwo.在一次强劲的大风中那艘船断成了两半。即学即练单句语法填空①Justsplitthecake________threeandleaveonepieceforMary.②Theoldfarmhasbeensplit________intohouselots.③Profitswillbesplit________threemajorcharities.9.subsequentlyadv.后来，随后(近义词later;afterwards)(教材P52)Subsequently,“E＝mc2”wasborn.随后，“E＝mc2”诞生了。❶Theoriginalinterviewnotesweresubsequentlylost.采访记录原稿后来丢失了。❷Subsequently,newguidelineswerereleasedtoallsurgeons.随后，新的准则发放给了全部外科医生。❸Thebookwassubsequentlytranslatedinto15languages.这本书后来被翻译成了15种语言。词语积累：subsequentadj.随后的；随后发生的Developmentsonthisissuewillbedealtwithinasubsequentreport.这个问题的发展将在以后的报道中予以说明。即学即练单句语法填空①Althoughhe________(subsequent)becameasuccessfulbusinessman,heneverforgotthebitterdayswhenhehadpickedupsomethingtoeatinthegarbage.②Hesaidhewasadoctor,butit________(subsequent)turnedoutthathewasacheat.完成句子③________________(他们后来听说)hehadmadeagreatscientificbreakthrough.10.constantadj.恒久不变的；持续不断的，常常发生的n．常量，恒量，常数(教材P52)Einsteinthenshowedinhis“theoryofrelativity”thatnoteventime,massorlengthareconstant...爱因斯坦随后在他的“相对论”中指出，即使是时间、质量或长度也不是恒定不变的……aconstantstreamofvisitors川流不息的游客keepinconstantcontactwithsb.始终与某人保持联系travelataconstantspeed以恒定速度行驶❶Theconstantfrictionbetweentheyoungcouplefinallycauseddivorce.这对年轻夫妻之间常常的冲突最终导致了离婚。❷Thespeedoflightisanimportantconstant.光速是一个重要的常数。词语积累：constantlyadv.始终；始终；重复不断地constancyn．坚决不移；恒久不变Itisannoyingthatthedirectionofthewindisconstantlychanging.风向始终变更，真烦人。即学即练单句语法填空①Weare________(constant)workingtoimproveaccesstothegalleryanditscollectionsdisplayed.②Scientistsare________(constant)developingnewtechnologyandtheymakescientificbreakthroughsfromtimetotime.完成句子③Iamfedupwithhis________________(没完没了的埋怨).④Inourworldnothing________________(好像是永恒不变的).⑤TheForbiddenCityappealsto________________(川流不息的游客)everyday,especiallyduringnationalholidays.11.perceivevt.察觉，留意到，发觉；认为(教材P53)Thisbluemouldwasinfactthenaturalformofpenicillin,whichFlemingperceivedcouldbeusedtokillbacteria.这种蓝色的霉菌事实上是自然状态的青霉素，弗莱明认为它可以用来杀死细菌。perceive...as/tobe...认为……是……perceivethat...留意到……❶Wecanperceivehissorrowandannoyancebythelooksonhisface.我们从他脸上的表情可以察觉出他的哀痛和生气。❷Indeed,thisproblemisgreaterthanyoumayperceive.的确，这个问题远大于你所能感知到的。误区警示：perceive不能用于进行时态。经典例句：Theyperceivetelevisionasentertainment.他们将电视视为消遣。Adultslearnwhattheyperceivetobebeneficialintheirlifesituations.成年人学习他们认为对其生活境况有帮助的东西。即学即练单句语法填空①Oftenwhat________(perceive)tobeaggressiveissimplyfear.完成句子②Childrenwhodobadlyinschooltestsoften________________(认为自己是失败者).③Nobodyseemedto________________(留意到)theboyshouldanswerviolencewithviolence.④Thatmorning,he________________(留意到变更)inFranca'smood.12．outcomen．结果，后果(教材P53)Flemingremainedhumbleabouttheamazingoutcomeofhisdiscovery.弗莱明对他这一发觉的惊人结果保持虚心的看法。v．＋adv.→n.(由动词短语转化而来的合成名词)breakdown出故障→breakdownn．故障breakout爆发→outbreakn．爆发putout生产，输出→outputn．产量，输出量comein进来→incomen．收入breakthrough突破→breakthroughn．突破❶Alwayscarryyourtoolboxincaseyourcarhasabreakdownonthemotorway.总是带着工具箱，以防汽车在高速马路上抛锚。❷Theresearchprojectwasputoffbecauseoftheoutbreakofthewar.由于斗争的爆发，这个探讨项目被延期了。经典例句：Noonecouldhavepredictedthefinaloutcome．谁也没有预想到最终结果会是这样。Theoutcomeisstillfarfromclear.结果还很不明朗。即学即练完成句子①Itwasimpossibleto________________(预料结果)oftheelection.②Subsequently，thebiologistsareconfidentof________________(一个胜利的结果).选词填空(breakdown/outbreak/income/outcome)③Hesaidpeoplewillbethewinner,whateverthe________．④The________fromvisitorsmakesthemuseumself－supporting.⑤Heisoptimisticthatthegovernmentwillbeabletomanagethe________oftheviruseffectively.⑥The________intalksrepresentsatemporarysetbackinthepeaceprocess.13.efficientlyadv.有效率地，高效能地(教材P53)Withthedevelopmentofcomputers,peopleexpectedtogetmorethingsdoneefficiently.随着计算机的发展，人们期望能有效地完成更多的事情。efficientadj.效率高的theefficientuseofenergy能源的有效利用fuel－efficientcars节能汽车efficiencyn.效率withefficiency高效地❶Wecanarrangetimeefficientlyandknowhowlongasingletaskwilltake.我们可以有效地支配时间，并知道每项任务要花费多长时间。❷Toworkmoreefficiently,therepresentativehasadoptedadifferentapproach.为了工作更有效率，那个代表接受了一种不同的方法。经典例句：Learningbydoingmaynotbeefficient,butitiseffective.边做边学可能效率不高，但却很有效。Itdidn'tsaymuchfortheirefficiencythattheorderarrivedaweeklate.订货晚到了一个星期，可见他们的效率难以恭维。即学即练单句语法填空①Shewasvery________(efficiency)inreducingwaste.②Hisscientificinnovationhasgreatlyincreasedthework________(efficient).③Youshouldexercisemoresoastokeepenergeticandyoucanwork________(efficient).④Iwasimpressedbytheefficiency________whichshehandledthecrisis.⑤Peoplehavefiguredouthowtousewatermore________(efficient)inordernottowastewater.完成句子⑥________________(能源效率)canplayavitalroleinreducingposevt.提出(某观点、方法等)(教材P53)DuringtheColdWar,a“hugenetwork”ofcomputerswasproposedbytwoAmericanscientists.冷战期间，两位美国科学家提出建立一个计算机的“浩大网络”。proposeeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(sth.,doingsth.,that从句（谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略）))Heresolutelyproposesinvestinginthepropertymarket.＝Heresolutelyproposesinvestmentinthepropertymarket.＝Heresolutelyproposesthattheyshouldinvestinthepropertymarket.他坚决提议投资房地产市场。词语积累：proposaln．提议；建议make/submit/accept/rejectaproposal提出/提交/接受/拒绝一项提议学法点拨：(1)proposal后的同位语从句或者表语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用shoulddo，其中should可以省略。Atlast,heturneddownmyproposalthatweshouldinvestmoremoneyinthefactoryinthecountryside.最终，他拒绝了我提出的增加农村工厂投资的建议。(2)v.＋－al构成抽象名词survivev．→survivaln．幸存removev．→removaln．移动arrivev．→arrivaln．到达refusev．→refusaln．拒绝proposev．→proposaln．建议approvev．→approvaln．赞成即学即练单句语法填空①Theengineerproposed________(inquire)abouttraintimesbeforesettingoff.②The________(propose)madebyMikeisquitereasonable.③Various________(propose)wereputforwardbytheemployeesforincreasingsales.④Themonitorproposedlastnightthatwe________(launch)anactivityaimedatstudyingmoreefficiently.一句多译⑤他们提议建立一个新的机场。a．________________________________________________________________________b．________________________________________________________________________c．________________________________________________________________________同义句转换⑥Intermsofthebadweather,weproposestartingearlytomorrow.→Intermsofthebadweather,wepropose__________________tomorrow.►其次版块：重点短语1.nottomention更不用说(教材P52)Amazingdiscoveriesweremadeinmedicine,communicationsandtransport,nottomentionourknowledgeoftheworldandspace.医学、通信和交通方面都有惊人的发觉，更别提我们对世界和太空的相识了。❶HeknowsFrenchandGerman,nottomentionEnglish.他熟识法语和德语，更不用说英语了。❷Heknowslittleaboutthetechnique,nottomentionmakinginnovationinit.他对这项技术知之甚少，更不用说对它创新了。❸Wecan'taffordacar,nottomentionthefactthatwehavenogarage.我们买不起汽车，更不用说我们没有车库的事实了。词语积累：近义词组：letaloneThebabycan'tevensitupyet,letalonewalk.这个婴儿甚至都不会坐，更不用说走了。Hecan'twalk,letalonerun.他连走都不会，更不用说跑了。即学即练完成句子①Hehastwobighousesinthiscountry,________________(更不用说)hisapartmentinFrance.②It'stoofartowalk,________________(更不用说)thefactthatit'llprobablybeclosedbynowanyway.翻译句子③Pollutionhasanegativeeffectonthehealthofeveryonelivinginthecity,nottomentionthedamagetotheenvironment.________________________________________________________________________2.rangefromAtoB包括从A到B之间的各类事物(教材P52)Medicaladvancesrangedfromdiscoveringthecausesofdiseasesundermicroscopestostagingoperationstoreplacediseasedorganswithdonatedones.医学上的进步范围很广，从利用显微镜揭示病因、施行手术，到用捐赠的器官置换病变的器官。rangebetweenAandB在A和B之间变更arangeof一系列within/inrange(ofsth.)在(……)可及的范围内outofrange(ofsth.)超出(……)范围Shehashadanumberofdifferenttemporaryjobs,rangingfromcheftoswimminginstructor.她做过很多不同的临时性工作，从厨师到游泳教练。经典例句：Thepricesofthetrousershererangebetween30yuanand1，300yuan.这里裤子的价格从30元到1300元不等。Thecatstayedwelloutofrangeofthechildren.这只猫离孩子们远远的。Theiragesrangefromsixtotwelve.他们的年龄从6岁到12岁。Herangedthebooksaccordingtosize.他依据大小依次排列这些书。即学即练单句语法填空①Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,________(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.②Itisstatedinthereportthattheageoftheapplicantsshouldrangefrom21________23.③Estimatesofthedamagerangebetween$1million________$5million.完成句子④Takeiteasy!Yourbloodpressureiswell__________________________(在正常范围内).⑤Thepricesofthebreadinthisbakery____________________________(在5元到20元之间).⑥Thecoatis________________(我买不起).3．figureout计算出；弄清晰，理解(教材P52)．..scientistsfiguredouthowtosp