英语四六级翻译核心语法和词汇

2014年12月英语四六级翻译核心语法巩固翻译考试一直是一些考生的软肋，那么怎样轻松拿下四六级而不在翻译这里丢分呢?以下是小编为大家整理的四六级翻译核心语法，希望对各位考生有所帮助!改革后的英语四六级翻译难度加大自是不言而喻，但是以前翻译中常考的重要知识点在现在的段落翻译中仍然值得我们重视，语法知识相对比较固定，考查起来又比较细致，考生必须面面俱到，除了熟练掌握常考重要语法知识，一些细枝末节的知识点也不能放过，从一开始我们学习英语，语法学习就一直没有间断过，但是针对英语四六级考试，我们还要对语法知识进行系统的复习与巩固，将以前所学的所有语法知识串联起来，打下坚实的基础。为了方便各位考生在新学期开学、英语四六级复习伊始阶段对以往学习的语法有个全面的了解，小编特为大家整理了这篇英语四六级翻译核心语法其中的虚拟语气知识，希望大家认真掌握，为后期的复习打好基础。虚拟语气：与事实相反的一、主语从句：1、itis+adj\\nthat+虚拟2、itis+done(表示建议、要求)that+虚拟二、宾语从句：1、Isuggest(表示命令;建议;请求)that……shoule+do……(在虚拟语气中，shoulehavedone=oughttohavedone,其他时候should不等于oughtto)2、Iwishthat……(用虚拟语气)三、目的状语：Lest或者forfearthat+(虚拟语气)shoulddo四、if从句：即主句……,if从句……1、倒装代替if从句：Had\\Were\\Should……，主句……2、butfor=without(如果不是)代替if从句，两个都是介词Butfor\\without+名词，主句……3、with+名词，主句……4、ifonly+(if从句)要是……该多好五、隐藏虚拟语气：本打算做但结果没有做的1、hadhoped\\intended\\planned\\expected\\wanted\\meanttodo2、hopedtohavedone3、be(was\\were)+tohavedone4、would\\shouldliketohavedoneWouldhavedone表意愿、将来Shouldhavedone竟然做了、本应该做的Couldhavedone有能力做Mighthavedone表示猜测Needhavedone本来需要做的却没有做主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如：1.从句表示将来，主句表示过去：⑴、IfIwerenottomakeapreparationformyexperimentthisafternoon,Iwouldhavegonetoseethefilmwithyoulastnight.2.从句表示过去，主句表示将来：⑴、Iftheyhadstartedtheearlymorningyesterday,theywouldbeherenow.⑵、Ifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparations,weshouldn'tdaretodotheexperimentnextweek。3.从句表示将来，主句表示现在：⑴、Ifweshouldn'thaveanexamthisafternoon,Iwouldgoshoppingnow.4.从句表示过去，主句表示现在。⑴、Iftheyhadstaredtheearlymorningyesterday,theywouldbeherenow.⑵、Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.5.从句表示过去，主句表示过去和现在⑴、Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。(1)、Youwouldn’tknow.你不会知道。(2)、wouldliketocome.我愿意来。(3)、Iwouldn’thavedreamedofit.这是我做梦也不会想到的。(4)、Hetoldthestoryinsuchminutedetailthathemighthimselfhavebeenaneye-witness.他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看见一样。6.从句表示现在，主句表示过去⑴、IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。(从句说明现在，主句说明过去。)英语四级翻译必备分类词汇(1)概述GeneralTerms爱国主义精神patriotism诚实守信honesty全民健身运动nationwide集体主义collectivism为人民服务servingthepeople重要文化遗产majorculturalheritage优秀民间艺术outstandingfolkarts公民道德建设实施纲要TheProgramforImprovingCivicMorality弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化highlightthecentralthemeofthetimeswhileencouragingdiversityfitnesscampaign社会公德，职业道德和家庭美德教育educationinsocialandprofessionalethicsandfamilyvirtues深入群众，深入生活godeepamongthemassesandintothethickoflife奉献无愧于时代的作品contributetothepeopleworksworthyofthetimes中华文明博大精深，源远流长TheChinesecivilizationisextensiveandprofound,andhasalonghistory自立于世界民族之林standproudlyinthefamilyofnations英语四级翻译必备分类词汇(2)艺术及工艺ArtsandCrafts版画engraving贝雕画shellcarvingpicture彩塑paintedsculpture瓷器porcelain;china刺绣embroidery雕刻carving宫灯palacelantern国画Chinesepainting剪纸paper-cut景德镇瓷Jingdezhenporcelain景泰蓝cloisonnéenamel蜡染batik卖秸画strawpatchwork木/石/竹刻wood/stone/bamboocarving木刻画woodengraving英语四级翻译必备分类词汇(3)戏剧表演TheatricalPerformances京剧脸谱typesoffacialmakeupinBeijingopera生malecharacters末middle-agedmalecharacters净“paintedface”characters旦femalecharacters丑clown京剧票友amaturperformerofPekingOpera木偶戏puppetshow独角戏monodrama;one-manplay皮影戏shadowplay;leather-silhouetteshow折子戏operahighlights戏剧小品skit哑剧dumbshow;mime;mummery;pantomime单口相声monologuecomictalk双口相声wittydialogue口技vocalimitations;ventriloquism说书monologuestory-telling杂技acrobaticperformance叠罗汉makingahumanpyramid特技stunt睬高跷stiltwalk马戏circusperformances英语四级翻译必备分类词汇(4)神话人物MythologicalFigures八仙theEightImmortals嫦娥Chang’s(theChinesemoongoddess)伏羲FuXi(GodofFisheryandHusbandry)福禄寿三星thethreegodsoffortune,prosperityandlongevity共工GodofWater后羿Houyi(alegendaryherowhoshotdownninesuns)黄帝YellowEmperor夸父Kuafu(afabledsun-chasinggiant)女GoddessofSky-patching盘古PanGu(creatoroftheuniverse)神农PatronofAgriculture禹Yu(thereputedfounderoftheXiaDynasty)祝融GodofFire英语四级翻译必备分类词汇(5)古代建筑AncientArchitecture塔pagoda琉璃塔glazedstupa舍利塔dagoba;sarirastupa(apagodaforBuddhistrelics)舍利子sariraremainsfromcremationofBuddha’sofsaints’body喇叭塔Lamaistpagoda楼storiedbuildings钟楼belltower鼓楼drumtower阁pavilion烽火台beacontower华表ornamentalcolumn牌坊memorialarchway英语四级翻译必备分类词汇(6)古代典籍FamousAncientBooks《春秋》TheSpringandAutumnAnnals《史记》HistoricalRecords《诗经》TheBookofSongs《书经》TheBookofHistory《易经》TheBookofChanges《礼记》TheBookofRites四书：TheFourBooks:《大学》TheGreatLearning《中庸》TheDoctrineoftheMean《论语》TheAnalectsofConfucius《孟子》TheMencius《山海经》TheClassicofMountainsandRivers《本草纲目》CompendiumofMateriaMedica《资治通鉴》HistoryRetoldasaMirrorforRulers《西厢记》TheRomanceofWestChamber《三国演义》TheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms《水浒传》HeroesoftheMarshes;WaterMargins《西游记》PilgrimagetotheWest《红楼梦》DreamoftheRedMansions;ThestoryoftheStone《聊斋志异》StrangeTalesofaLonelyStudio英语四级翻译必备分类词汇(7)宗教Religions佛教Buddhism释迦牟尼Sakyamuni佛寺Buddhisttemple大雄宝殿theGreatBuddha’sHall藏经楼depositaryofBuddhisttexts金刚经Vajracchedika-sutra素菜馆vegetarianrestaurant罗汉堂arhathall观音Guanyin;GoddessofMercy;Avalokitesvara地藏GodofEarth四大金刚FourHeavenlyGuardians(attheentrancetoaBuddhismtemple);FourDevarajas四大天王FourHeavenlyKings因果报应karma藏传佛教Lamaism大藏经Tripitaka转世灵童reincarnatedsoulboy喇嘛庙lamasery道教Taoism道观Taoisttemple道士Taoistpriest英语四级翻译必备分类词汇(8)关帝庙templeofLordGuan儒教Confucianism孔子庙Confuciantemple孔子Confucius义，礼，智，信，忠，恕，孝，悌rightness,propriety,wisdom,trustworthiness,loyalty,reciprocity,filialpiety,brotherlylove学儿优则仕Agoodscholarcanbecomeanofficial./Hewhoexcelsinstudycanfollowanofficialcareer.禅宗ZenBuddhism不立别传，不立文字，直指人心，见性成佛。TherebeliefispassedonoutsidethereligionThereisnorelianceonwrittenscriptsItgoesstraightintopeople’sminds.OnebecomesaBuddhathemomentHeseeshisownBuddhanature.伊斯兰教Islam清真寺mosques古兰经theKoran耶稣教Christianity英语四级翻译必备分类词汇(9)传统节日TraditionalFestivals拜年payingaNewYearcall爆竹firecracker鞭炮astringofsmallfirecrackers除夕NewYear’sEve春节SpringFestival春联SpringFestivalcouplets(conveyingbestwishesfortheyear)辞旧迎新bidfarewelltotheoldandusherinthenew;ringouttheoldyearandringinthenew大扫除year-endhouseholdcleaning灯谜lanternriddles登高hillclimbing端午节DragonBoatFestival恭喜发财Mayyoubeprosperous!/Wishyouallthebest!观灯viewingthelanterns贺年片NewYearfilm饺子dumplings(withmeatandvegetablestuffing)龙灯舞dragonlanterndance庙会templefair年画NewYearpicture年夜饭familyreuniondinneronLunarNewYear’sEve压岁钱moneygiventochildrenasaLunarNewYeargift英语四级翻译必备分类词汇(10)烹饪CulinaryArts美食节gourmetfestival中餐烹饪Chinesecuisine色，香，味俱全perfectcombinationofcolor,aroma,ta