银行系统招聘考试（阅读理解）模拟试卷1

银行系统招聘考试（阅读理解）模拟试卷1一、阅读理解(本题共27题，每题1.0分，共27分。)Weoftentakeamilitaristic,"tough"approachtoresilienceandgrit.Weimagineamarinesloggingthroughthemud,aboxergoingonemoreround,orafootballplayerpickinghimselfupofftheturfforonemoreplay.Webelievethatthelongerwetoughitout,thetougherweare,andthereforethemoresuccessfulwewillbe.However,thisentireconceptionisscientificallyinaccurate.Theverylackofarecoveryperiodisdramaticallyholdingbackourcollectiveabilitytoberesilientandsuccessful.Researchhasfoundthatthereisadirectcorrelationbetweenlackofrecoveryandincreasedincidenceofhealthandsafetyproblems.Andlackofrecovery—whetherbydisruptingsleepwiththoughtsofworkorhavingcontinuouscognitivearousalbywatchingourphones—iscostingourcompanies$62billionayear(that'sbillion,notmillion)inlostproductivity.Themisconceptionofresilienceisoftenbredfromanearlyage.Parentstryingtoteachtheirchildrenresiliencemightcelebrateahighschoolstudentstayingupuntil3a.m.tofinishasciencefairproject.Whatadistortionofresilience!Aresilientchildisawell-restedone.Whenanexhaustedstudentgoestoschool,heriskshurtingeveryoneontheroadwithhisimpaireddriving;hedoesn'thavethecognitiveresourcestodowellonhisEnglishtest;hehaslowerself-controlwithhisfriends;andathome,heismoodywithhisparents.Overworkandexhaustionaretheoppositeofresilience.Andthebadhabitswelearnwhenwe'reyoungonlymagnifywhenwehittheworkforce.Thekeytoresilienceistryingreallyhard,thenstopping,recovering,andthentryingagain.Thisconclusionisbasedonbiology.Homeostasisisafundamentalbiologicalconceptdescribingtheabilityofthebraintocontinuouslyrestoreandsustainwell-being.PositiveneuroscientistBrentFurlfromTexasA&MUniversitycoinedtheterm"homeostaticvalue"todescribethevaluethatcertainactionshaveforcreatingequilibrium,andthuswell-being,inthebody.Whenthebodyisoutofalignmentfromoverworking,wewasteavastamountofmentalandphysicalresourcestryingtoreturntobalancebeforewecanmoveforward.Ifyouhavetoomuchtimeintheperformancezone,youneedmoretimeintherecoveryzone,otherwiseyouriskburnout.Musteringyourresourcesto"tryhard"requiresburningenergyinordertoovercomeyourcurrentlylowarousallevel.Thisiscalledupregulation.Italsoexacerbatesexhaustion.Thusthemoreimbalancedwebecomeduetooverworking,themorevaluethereisinactivitiesthatallowustoreturntoastateofbalance.Thevalueofarecoveryperiodrisesinproportiontotheamountofworkrequiredofus.Sohowdowerecoverandbuildresilience?Mostpeopleassumethatifyoustopdoingatasklikeansweringemailsorwritingapaper,thatyourbrainwillnaturallyrecover,suchthatwhenyoustartagainlaterinthedayorthenextmorning,you'llhaveyourenergyback.Butsurelyeveryonereadingthishashadtimeswhereyoulieinbedforhours,unabletofallasleepbecauseyourbrainisthinkingaboutwork.Ifyoulieinbedforeighthours,youmayhaverested,butyoucanstillfeelexhaustedthenextday.Becauseyourbrainhasnotreceivedabreakfromhighmentalarousalstates.1、Accordingtothepassage,whatistherelationshipbetweenrecoveryandresilience?A、Withouttheabilitytoberesilient,itwillbemoredifficultforustorecover.B、Ourabilitytoberesilientisnegativelyaffectedifthereisnochancetorecover.C、Themorerecoverytimewehave,themoreresilientwewillbe.D、Theincreaseofhealthandsafetyproblemsisusuallycausedbylackofrecovery.标准答案：B知识点解析：推断题。题干：根据文章，恢复和韧性之间有什么关系？A项“没有韧性，我们会更难恢复”，文中并没有提到没有韧性恢复会怎样，故A项错误。文章第二段第一句提到“Theverylackofarecoveryperiodisdramaticallyholdingbackourcollectiveabilitytoberesilientandsuccessful.(缺少恢复期会大大抑制我们的韧性，降低成功几率)”由此可知，如果不能适时恢复，我们的韧性就会受到影响，故B项“如果没有恢复的机会，我们的韧性会受到负面影响”正确。文中只是说要获得韧性，工作一段时间之后需要有一定的恢复期，并且工作的时间越长，需要越多的恢复，但是并没有说恢复的时间越长，韧性就越好，故C项“我们的恢复时间越长，我们的韧性就越好”排除。D项“健康和安全问题的增多通常是由于缺乏恢复"并没有说明恢复和韧性之间的关系，属于答非所问，故排除。2、Whatdoyouthinkistheauthors’attitudebysaying"Whatadistortionofresilience!"?A、Theyunderstanditistheparents’waytoteachresilience.B、Theythinkitjustrepresentspartofwhatresiliencemeans.C、Theythinkresiliencecannotbetaughtbyotherpeople.D、Theythinkitisatotallywrongwaytoapproachresilience.标准答案：D知识点解析：推断题。题干：你认为作者通过说“这是对韧性多么扭曲的解释!”传达的态度是什么?根据题干定位到文章第三段。该段第一句“Themisconceptionofresilienceisoftenbredfromanearlyage.(对韧性的误解通常是从小就产生的)”，是该段的主旨句。根据本段可知，作者并不赞同让高中生熬夜学习以培养韧性的方法，这是解读韧性的一种完全错误的方法，故本题选D。A项“他们明白这是父母培养孩子韧性的方式”，B项“他们认为这只是代表了韧性的部分含义”，C项“他们认为韧性是别人教不来的”均不是作者的态度。3、WhichofthefollowingopinionsisINCORRECTaccordingtothe4thand5thparagraph?A、Thekeytoresilienceliesinpushinghardandalsostoppingforrecovery,becauseifweworkedtoohardandourbodywillnotfinditsbalanceback.B、Thehomeostaticvalueoftheactivityforrecoveryincreasesaswehavegotmoreimbalancedfromoverworking.C、Weneedtokeepbalancebetweenworkinghardandrecoveryandthemorewework,themorerecoveryweneed.D、Tryinghardwhenyouareexhaustedwillburnoutyourbody,whichwillneedmoreresourcestogetrecovered.标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。题干：根据第四段和第五段，下面哪一个观点是不对的?本题可以采用排除法做题。B项“当我们过度劳累，身体变得更加不平衡时，恢复活动的体内平衡值就会增加”，根据关键词“value”“overworking”，定位到第五段中的“Thusthemoreimbalancedwebecomeduetooverworking，themorevaluethereisinactivitiesthatallowustoreturntoastateofbalance.Thevalueofarecoveryperiodrisesinproportiontotheamountofworkrequiredofus”，由此可知，B项正确。C项“我们需要保持努力工作和恢复的平衡，我们工作的越多，我们需要的恢复就越多”，根据第五段中的“Ifyouhavetoomuchtimeintheperformancezone，youneedmoretimeintherecoveryzone，otherwiseyouriskburnout…”可知，工作量越大，我们需要的恢复就越多，C项正确。D项“当你已经很疲惫的时候仍然坚持，你就会精疲力竭，然后需要更多的资源才能恢复”，根据选项定位到第五段中的“Musteringyourresourcesto：tryhard’requiresburningenergyinordertoovercomeyourcurrentlylowarousallevel…Italsoexacerbatesexhaustion.”可知，在你需要恢复的时候仍坚持工作，就需要调动更多的精力，更加疲惫，D项正确。综上所述，B、C、D三项均可排除，A项与原文“Thekeytoresilienceistryingreallyhard，thenstopping，recovering，andthentryingagain”不符，且选项后半部分表述过于绝对。故本题选A。4、Whatisthemainmessagewecangetfromthe6thparagraph?A、Restordootherthingscanhelpusrecoverfromworking.B、Thereisnothingmuchwecandotobuildresilience.C、Stoppingworkingandrestisnotthesamethingwithrecovery.D、Buildingresiliencerequiresustotakebreaks.标准答案：C知识点解析：主旨题。题干：从第六段中，我们可以得到的主要信息是什么?根据题干关键词定位到第六段。该段主要讲了我们如何恢复和锻炼韧性。大多数人认为，如果你停止回复邮件或写论文这样的任务，你的大脑会自然恢复，这样当你在一天晚些时候或第二天早上再次开始工作时，你就会恢复精力。但是肯定每个阅读这篇文章的人都有数次躺在床上几个小时而无法入睡的经历，因为你的大脑在思考工作。如果你在床上躺了八个小时，你可能已经休息了，但是第二天你仍然会感到疲惫。因为你的大脑没有从高度精神唤醒状态中得到休息。由此可知，虽然我们有时候停止工作并休息，但是我们的精力并没有得到恢复，因为大脑没有从高度精神唤醒状态中得到休息。C项“停止工作并休息与恢复不是一回事”符合文意，故本题选C。A项“休息或做其他事情可以帮助我们从工作中恢复”只概括了第六段中的部分内容，故排除A；B项“我们对锻炼韧性无能为力”，与文章表述不符，我们是可以做到恢复和鍛炼韧性的，B项排除；D项“锻炼韧性需要我们休息”，也是对该段的片面概括，排除D。故本题选C。5、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthisarticle?A、Workharder,playharderandyouwillachievemore.B、Resilienceisnotaboutworkingharderbutrestbetter.C、Takeabreakphysicallyandmentally.D、Resilienceisabouthowyourecharge,nothowyouendure.标准答案：D知识点解析：主旨题。题干：以下哪一项是这篇文章的最佳标题?文章从对韧性的误解切入主题，人们一直认为“坚持”就是韧性，其实获得韧性的关键是努力——停止——恢复——继续努力这一循环。恢复环节是非常重要的，只有在工作之后得到恢复，身体才能达到平衡。所以文章主要是想改变大家对“韧性”的误解，韧性不是“坚持”，而是工作之后适时恢复，故D项“韧性是你如何恢复，而不是如何忍受”正确。A项“工作更努力，玩得更尽兴，你会取得更大的成就”没有体现文章的关键词“韧性”，故排除；B项“韧性不是指工作更努力，而是休息得更好”，由文章可知，rest和recover不是一回事，本文强调的是“恢复”，而不是“休息”，故B项排除；C项“身体和精神都休息一下”没有体现文章的关键词“韧性”，故排除。故本题选D。Wearepleasedtoinviteyoutoattendthe14thCanadianCollaborativeMentalHealthCareConference(14thCCMHCC)tobeheldonThursday,June27thandFriday,June28th,2013.Montrealhasbeenselectedasthehostcity.ThisannualeventwilltakeplaceattheDeltaCentreVileHotel,adowntownlocationwithineasywalkingdistanceoftheOldCity.YouwillbecharmedbytheuniquecharacterofthecityofMontreal,themetropolisoftheprovinceofQuebec.Forthoseofyouwhowanttoextendyourstay,youcancombinebusinessandpleasurebyattendingthe34InternationalJazzFestivalofMontrealthatwillbeginonFriday,June28thandcontinueforthenext10days.The14thCCMHCCisorganizedbytheCanadianPsychiatricAssociationandtheCollegeofFamilyPhysiciansofCanadaCollaborativeWorkingGrouponSharedMentalHealthCare.Thisconferencewilltakeonabilingualcharacter,inFrenchandinEnglish,andsimultaneoustranslationwillbeavailableforthemainspeechesandpresentations.Thisisauniqueopportunitytobringtogetherpeoplewhoareinvolvedincollaborativementalhealthcare,andtocreatelinksthatconsolidateandenrichthenetworksamongthesestakeholders.Weareexpectingover300delegatesfromQuebec,Canadaandtheinternationalcommunity.Theinterestincollaborativementalhealthcareissharedbyawideaudience,includingparticularlyindividualslivingwithamentaldisorderandtheirfamilies,healthcareprofessionalsfromdifferentbackgrounds,managersanddecisionmakerscommunitygroupsworkinginthefield,physicians(includingfamilyphysicians,pediatriciansandpsychiatrists),teachersfromacademicdepartments,researchersandcollaboratorsfromdifferentsectors(e.g.,emergencysocialservices,lawenforcementofficers,oremployers)Thisconferencewillprovideanadditionalimpetustocollaborativecare,anirresistiblemovementwhichredesignsthehealthcaresysteminordertoadaptittotherealitiesofthe21century.Thethemeoftheconference,CollaborationandComplexity.SeekingOutNewFormsofLife,illustratestheemergingnatureofthestrategicvisionofcollaborativecare,settheclinicaloperationswithinacomplexcontextwhichfitsinthepostmodernsocietalmodelandpointsoutitsprofoundinnovativepotential.Weinvitesponsorshipsupporttohelpmakethisconferenceasuccess.Thereareseveralwaystohelp,additionalinformationwillbeprovidedshorty.WelookforwardtowelcomingyoutoMontreal!6、Whatdoestheword"consolidate"inparagraph2,line4mostprobablymean?A、Connect.B、Strengthen.C、Build.D、Decorate.标准答案：B知识点解析：含义题。根据题干中的consolidate定位到文章第二段第四行…tocreatelinksthatconsolidateandenrichthenetworksamongthesestakeholders。consolidate一词中solid有“可靠的，结实的”意思，加上前缀con-可译为“使结实”，即“巩固，加强”。同时根据前文可以得知，本次论坛已经是第十四届，因此利益相关人员之间的联系早已建立，本届论坛的作用应该是在此基础上的巩固和丰富，故本题选B。7、Forwhatkindofpeoplearethe34InternationalJazzFestivalofMontrealrecommended?A、Thosewhoarefondofjazzmusic.B、Thosewhoareunwillingtostayaloneintheirhotelrooms.C、ThosewhowouldliketoexploremoreaboutMontreal.D、Thosewhogettiredofbusinessesandconferences.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据题干34thInternationalJazzFestival可定位到第一段倒数第二行，并通过阅读此句Forthoseofyouwhowanttoextendyourstay，combinebusinessandpleasure…得知爵士音乐节是推荐给那些想在此地多停驻几日，花费更多时间探索Montreal的人，所以C项“想探索蒙特利尔的人”符合；而原文中“将工作与乐趣相结合”并不意味着人们厌倦公务或论坛，故D项不符合。故本题选C。8、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmayNOTbeamongthestakeholdersoftheconference?A、Researchers.B、Psychologists.C、Surgeons.D、Psychiatrists.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据题干stakeholders可定位到第二段第七行，在这个词之后出现了一句话Theinterestincollaborativementalhealthcareissharedbyawideaudience，including…具体列举了一些参会者，其中包括researchers，psychologists，psychiatrists使用排除法，未被提及的即为C项，surgeons(外科医生)。故本题选C。9、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingdoesthethemeoftheconferencesuggest?A、Collaborativecareshouldbeviewedfromastrategicperspective.B、Theinnovativepotentialofclinicaloperationsisyettoberealized.C、Clinicaloperationsshouldn’tconformtopostmodernsocietalmodel.D、Noneoftheabove.标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题。根据题干中的themeoftheconference可以定位到原文第三段的第三行，文中提到illustratestheemergingnatureofthestrategicvisionofcollaborativecare，“阐述合作医疗战略视角下所显露的本质”，与A项“合作医疗应在战略视角下审视”不符。…pointsoutitsprofoundinnovativepotentials“指出它巨大的创新潜力”与B项“临床手术的创新潜力仍有待被认识”相反。…fitinthepostmodernsocietalmodel“适应后现代社会模式”，与C项相反。故本题选D。10、Whichtypeofwritingdoesthepassagebelongto?A、Memo.B、Invitation.C、Advertisement.D、Apology.标准答案：B知识点解析：推断题。A项为备忘录；B项为邀请函，C项为广告；D项为道歉信。根据全文内容以及文章最后两段中出现的Weinvite、Welookforwardto…可以推断出这篇文章是邀请收信人赴蒙特利尔参与论坛的邀请函，故本题选B。Mostsalespeopleaskfact-basedquestionsduringtheirsalescalls.Thesearequestionsdesignedtouncoverfactualinformationaboutabuyer'scurrentsituation,organization,andbusinessdirection.Thesequestionsyieldpurelyobjectiveinformationandsetthegroundworkforaskingquestionstouncoverproblems.Unfortunately,fromthebuyer'sperspective,factquestionshavethelowestvalue.Why?Becausethebuyeralreadyknowsallofthefacts.Thesequestionsareboringorevenirritatingtothebuyers.Infact,ifyouasktoomanyfactquestions,thebuyersmayeventhinkyouareinterrogatingthem!Notparticularlyinsightful.Salespeopleroutinelyover-usedfactquestionssincetheyrequireminimalefforttodevelop.Soasarule,don'taskanyquestionthatyoucouldhaveansweredyourselfbydoingpre-callresearch.Amoreeffectiveapproachistoaskthought-provokingquestionsthathelpbuyersconsiderbusinessproblemsandtheimplications,effects,orconsequencesofsuchproblems.11、Whydofact-basedquestionshavethelowestvalue?A、Becausethesequestionsuncoverproblemsthebuyerdoesn’tliketoface.B、Becausethesequestionsisnotinsightfulfromthebuyer’sperspective.C、Becausethesequestionsareallaboutthefactsknownbythebuyer.D、Becausethesequestionsaretooobjectiveandboring.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据第二段“Unfortunately，...thelowestvalue.Why?Becausethebuyeralreadyknowsallofthefacts.”可知答案为C。12、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A、Salespeopleaskedfact-basedquestionsforthesequestionsareeasytodevelop.B、Thought-provokingquestionsalwaysinducemeaningfulconsiderationaboutproblems.C、Buyersalwaysthinkthesalespeopleareinterrogatingthem.D、Askingfact-basedquestionsmakessalespeopleseemsinsightful.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。文中并没有说买主总是觉得销售人员在审问他们，而是在销售人员总是问他们一些基于事实的问题时才会有那种感觉，故C项表述不正确。Agrowingnumberofcountrieswanttophaseoutcoalentirely,atransitioneasedbycheapnaturalgasandtheplungingcostofwindandsolarpower.Thatisgoodnews.Coalhasbeenthelargestengineofclimatechangetodate,accountingfornearlyathirdoftheriseinaveragetemperaturessincetheIndustrialRevolution.Anypressureonitthereforecountsasprogress.Asiaaccountsfor75%oftheworld'scoaldemand.TheChinesegovernmenthastakenstepstolimitpollutionandsupportrenewables.Yetcoalconsumptionthererosein2018,asitdidtheyearbefore.InIndiacoaldemandgrewby9%lastyear.InVietnamitswelledbyalmostaquarterTokeeptheriseinglobaltemperaturestonomorethan1.5℃relativetopre-industrialtimes,climatologistsinsistthatalmostallcoalplantsmustshutby2050,whichmeansstartingtoactnow.Today'strendswouldkeepthelastcoalplantopenuntil2079,estimatesUBS,abankAsia'scoalfiredpowerregimenthasasprightlyaverageageof15,comparedwithacreaky40yearsinAmerica,closetoretirement.Thereareseveralreasonsforthis,butonestandsout:governmentsupport.InIndiastateownedcompaniesinvestmorethan$6bnincoalminingandcoal-firedpowereachyear;statebackedbanksprovidesome$10.6bninfinancing.Indonesiadolesoutmorethan$2bnannuallyforconsumptionofcoal-firedpower.Chinasupportscoalnotjustathomebutabroad,supplyingabout9.5bnayearinforeignfunding.JapanandSouthKoreafinancecoalprojectsoutsidetheirborders,too.Governmentsupportishardlysurprising.State-backedcoalfirmsmakemoneyandcreatejobs.Windturbinesandsolarpanelsprovidepoweronlyintermittently;fornow,dirtierpowerplantsareneededasbackup.GasispummellingcoalinAmerica,butremainsabit-playerinIndiaandmuchofSouth-EastAsia,sinceithastobeimportedandisrelativelyexpensive.Nevertheless,governmentsbettingoncoalfacethreebigrisks.Oneisenvironmental.Emissionsfromcoalplantsthatarealreadybuilt—letalonenewones—willensurethattheworldexceedsthelevelofcarbon-dioxideemissionslikelytopushglobaltemperaturesupbymorethan1.5℃.Thereisaneconomicrisk,too.Public-sectorzealforcoalismatchedonlybyprivate-sectordistaste.Banks,includingAsianones,haveincreasinglysaidtheywillstopfundingnewcoalplants.Windandsolarfarmsmakecoallookincreasinglyexpensive.Astudyhasfoundthatprivatebanksprovidedthree-quartersofloanstoIndianrenewablesprojectslastyear;state-backedbanksdoledouttwo-thirdsofthoseforcoal.Andthenthereispolitics.Votersdonotlikebreathingsoot.Moreofthemareconcernedaboutclimatechange,too,astheyfaceunpredictablegrowingseasons,floodsanddroughts.13、Accordingtothispassage,whichenergyisthekeyfactortoclimatechange?A、Oil.B、Coal.C、Gas.D、Panels.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。题干：根据文章内容，哪种能源是气候变化的关键因素?该题的关键词是thekeyfactortoclimatechange，同义替换了文章中的thelargestengineofclimatechange，定位到文章第一段第三句“Coalhasbeenthelargestengineofclimatechangetodate，accountingfornearlyathirdoftheriseinaveragetemperaturessincetheIndustrialRevolution.(迄今为止，煤炭一直是气候变化的最大引擎，导致自工业革命以来平均气温，上升了近三分之一)”由此可知，煤炭对平均气温的上升影响很大，是气候变化的关键因素，故本题选B项“煤炭”。A项“石油”，C项“天然气”，D项“太阳能电池板”均不是文章中提到的气候变化的关键因素。14、Thesecondparagraphtellsusthat_________.A、ChinahastakenmeasurestocurbcarbonemissionsB、IndiaishometothelargestincreaseofcoaldemandC、allthecoalplantswillbeclosedin2050D、Asia’scoal-firedpowerplantsareclosetoretirement标准答案：A知识点解析：推断题。题干：第二段告诉我们_______。本题实际考查对第二段内容的把握，可用排除法进行作答。A项“中国已经采取措施控制碳排放”，选项关键词为China，定位到第二段第二句“TheChinesegovernmenthastakenstepstolimitpollutionandsupportrenewables.(中国政府已经采取措施限制污染，支持可再生能源)”由此可知，中国已经采取措施控制碳排放，减少污染，A项正确。B项“印度是煤炭需求增长最快的国家”，选项关键词为India，定位到第二段第四、五句“InIndiacoaldemandgrewby9%lastyear.InVietnamitswelledbyalmostaquarter.(去年印度的煤炭需求增长了9%。越南增长了近四分之一)”由此可知。越南的煤炭需求增长比印度更快，所以印度不是煤炭需求增长最快的国家。B项错误，故排除C项“所有的燃煤电厂将在2050年关闭”，选项关键词是2050，定位到第二段第六句“Tokeeptheriseinglobaltemperaturestonomorethan1.5°Crelativetopre-industrialtimes，climatologistsinsistthatalmostallcoalplantsmustshutby2050，whichmeansstartingtoactnow.(气候学家坚持说，为了将全球气温的上升幅度控制在相对于前工业时代的1.5摄氏度以内，到2050年，几乎所有的燃煤电厂都必须关闭，这意味着现在就要开始行动)”由此可知，所有燃煤电厂在2050年之前关闭是气候学家给出的建议，但是根据后一句可知，从如今的趋势来看，到2079年燃煤电厂都还会存在，C项错误。D项“亚洲的燃煤电厂即将退出”，根据选项关键词retirement，定位到第二段最后一句“Asia’scoal-firedpowerregimenthasasprightlyaverageageof15，comparedwithacreaky40yearsinAmerica，closetoretirement.(亚洲燃煤电厂的平均运转年数才刚15年，相比之下，美国的燃煤电厂的平均运转年数已达40年，接近退出)”由此可知，文中说的是美国的燃煤电厂即将退出，而不是亚洲。因此D项错误，可排除。故本题选A。15、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A、GovernmentsupportisanimportantfactorforrisingcoaldemandinAsia.B、Japanesegovernmentdoesnotsupportcoal.C、Solarpoweristhemostusedenergyinrichcountries.D、GasisplayingabiggerroleinmostAsiancountries.标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。题干：下列说法哪一项是正确的?A项“政府的支持是亚洲煤炭需求上升的一个重要因素”，选项关键词是governmentsupport，定位到第三段第一句“Thereareseveralreasonsforthis，butonestandsout：governmentsupport.(原因有很多，但最突出的一个是政府的支持)”，第二段中已经提到亚洲的煤炭需求仍在上升，第三段给出了首要原因是政府的支持。换言之，政府的支持是亚洲煤炭需求上升的重要因素之一，因此A项正确。B项“日本政府不支持煤炭”，选项关键词是Japanesegovernment，定位到第三段最后一句“JapanandSouthKoreafinancecoalprojectsoutsidetheirborders，too.(日本和韩国也为境外的煤炭项目提供资金)”由此可知，日本政府是支持使用煤炭的，故B项错误。C项“太阳能是发达国家使用最多的能源”，文中对太阳能的描述主要有两点：根据第一段第一句“Agrowingnumberofcountrieswanttophaseoutcoalentirely，atransitioneasedbycheapnaturalgasandtheplungingcostofwindandsolarpower.”可知太阳能发电成本在大幅下降；根据第四段第三句“Windturbinesandsolarpanelsprovidepoweronlyintermittently；fornow，dirtierpowerplantsareneededasbackup.”可知风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板只能间歇性供电，现在仍然需要煤炭发电厂做备用。因此并不能从文章中得出“发达国家使用最多的能源是太阳能”这一信息，故排除C。D项“天然气在大多数亚洲国家扮演着更重要的角色”，根据第四段最后一句“GasispummellingcoalinAmerica，butremainsabit-playerinIndiaandmuchofSouth-EastAsia，sinceithastobeimportedandisrelativelyexpensive.(在美国，天然气的地位超过煤炭，但在印度和东南亚大部分地区，由于天然气需要进口且价格相对昂贵，天然气在这些地区并不受重视)”可知天然气并未被大多数亚洲国家大量使用，D项“扮演更重要的角色”表述错误。综上，本题正确答案为A。16、Governmentsupportingcoalmayfacethreerisksexcept__________.A、culturalriskB、environmentalriskC、economicriskD、riskofpolitic标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。题干：政府支持煤炭可能面临三大风险，除了该题的关键词是facethreerisks，定位到文章最后三段，根据倒数第三段前两句“Nevertheless，governmentsbettingoncoalfacethreebigrisks.Oneisenvironmental.”可知第一个风险是环境风险，对应B项；倒数第二段第一句“Thereisaneconomicrisk，too.”指出第二个风险是经济风险，对应C项；根据最后一段第一句“Andthenthereispolitics.”可知还存在政治风险，对应D项。只有A项“文化风险”不在其中，故本题选A。17、Coalmaycausethefollowingproblemsexcept_________.A、risingtemperatureonearthB、airpollutionC、unpredictableseasonsD、bankruptcyofstate-ownedcompanies标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题。题干：煤炭会引起以下问题，除了________。根据第一段第三句可知，A项“地球气温升高”属于使用煤炭会产生的问题；第二段中提到中国在限制污染排放，也可以推断出燃烧煤炭来发电会产生很多污染，对应B项“空气污染”；根据最后一段最后一句中的“astheyfaceunpredictablegrowingseasons，floodsanddroughts.(因为他们面临着不可预测且日益增多的极端季节、洪水和干旱)”，可知C项“不可预测的季节”也是使用煤炭带来的问题。只有D项“国有企业破产”，在文章中没有提到，故本题选D。Forthepast3,000years,whenpeoplethoughtofmoneytheythoughtofcash.Frombuyingfoodtosettlingbartabs,day-to-daydealingsinvolvedcreasedpaperorclinkingbitsofmetal.Overthepastdecade,however,digitalpaymentshavetakenoff—tappingyourplasticonaterminalorswipingasmartphonehasbecomenormal.Nowthisrevolutionisabouttoturncashintoanendangeredspeciesinsomericheconomies.Thatwillmaketheeconomymoreefficient—butitalsoposesnewproblemsthatcouldholdthetransitionhostage.Countriesareeliminatingcashatvaryingspeeds.Butthedirectionoftravelisclear,andinsomecasesthejourneyisnearlycomplete.InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionsperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.Cashaccountsforjust6%ofpurchasesbyvalueinNorway.BritainisprobablyfourorsixyearsbehindtheNordiccountries.Americaisperhapsadecadebehind.Outsidetherichworld,cashisstillking.Buteventhereitsdominanceisbeingeroded.InChinadigitalpaymentsrosefrom4%ofallpaymentsin2012to34%in2017.Cashisdyingoutbecauseoftwoforces.Oneisdemand—youngerconsumerswantpaymentsystemsthatplugseamlesslyintotheirdigitallives.Butequallyimportantisthatsupplierssuchasbanksandtechfirms(indevelopedmarkets)andtelecomscompanies(inemergingones)aredevelopingfast,easy-to-usepaymenttechnologiesfromwhichtheycanpulldataandpocketfees.Thereisahighcosttorunningtheinfrastructurebehindthecasheconomy—ATMs,vanscarryingnotes,tellerswhoacceptcoins.Mostfinancialfirmsarekeentoabandonit,ordeterold-fashionedcustomerswithheftyfees.Inthemain,theprospectofacashlesseconomyisexcellentnews.Cashisinefficient.Inrichcountries,minting,sorting,storinganddistributingitisestimatedtocostabout0.5%ofGDP.Butthatdoesnotbegintocapturethegains.Whenpaymentsdematerialize,peopleandshopsarelessvulnerabletotheft.Governmentscankeepclosertabsonfraudortaxevasion.Digitalisationvastlyexpandstheplaygroundofsmallbusinessesandsoletradersbyenablingthemtosellbeyondtheirborders.Italsocreatesacredithistory,helpingconsumersborrow.YetsetagainstthesebenefitsareabundleofworriesElectronicpaymentsystemsmaybevulnerabletotechnicalfailures,powerblackoutsandcyber-attacks—thisweekCapitalOne,anAmericanbank,becamethelatestfirmtobehacked.Inacashlesseconomythepoor,theelderlyandcountryfolkmaybeleftbehind.Anderadicatingcash,ananonymouspaymentmethod,foradigitalsystemcouldletgovernmentssnooponpeople'sshoppinghabitsandprivatetitansexploittheirpersonaldata.Theseproblemshavethreeremedies.First,governmentsneedtoensurethatcentralbanks'monopolyovercoinsandnotesisnotreplacedbyprivatemonopoliesoverdigitalmoney.Ratherthanlettingafewcredit-cardfirmshaveastrangleholdontheelectronicpipesfordigitalpayments,asAmericamayyetallow,governmentsmustensurethepaymentsplumbingisopentoarangeofdigitalfirmswhichcanbuildservicesontopofit.Theyshouldurgebankstooffercheap,instant,bank-to-bankdigitaltransfersbetweendepositaccounts,asinSwedenandtheNetherlands.Competitionshouldkeeppriceslowsothatthepoorcanaffordmostservices,anditshouldalsomeanthatifonefirmstumblesotherscanstepin,makingthesystemresilient.Second,governmentsshouldmaintainbanks'obligationtokeepcustomerinformationprivate,sothattheplumbingremainsanonymous.Digitalfirmsthatusethisplumbingtoofferservicesshouldbefreetomonetisetransactiondata,through,forexample,advertising,solongastheirbusinessmodelismadeexplicittousers.Somecustomerswillfavourfreeservicesthattracktheirpurchases;otherswillwanttopaytobeleftalone.Last,thephase-outofcashshouldbegradual.Foraperiodoftenyears,banksshouldbeobligedtoacceptanddistributecashinpopulatedareas.Thiswillbuygovernmentstimetohelpthepooropenbankaccounts,educatetheelderlyandbeefupinternetaccessinruralareas.Therushtowardsdigitalmoneyistheresultofspontaneousdemandandinnovation.Topocketalltherewards,governmentsneedtoprepareforthedaywhencrumpledbanknoteschangehandsforthelasttime.18、AccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE?A、AmericahasbeenleftbehindperhapsadecadecomparingtoBritainregardingthenumberofretailcashtransactions.B、Thespeedsofeliminatingcashinseveralcountriesaredifferent.C、Thedominanceofcashisbeingerodedeveninthenon-richareas.D、ThereisariseofnumbersofdigitalpaymentsinChinafrom2012to2017.标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。题干：根据第二段，下列哪项陈述是错误的?本题要求选出与文章意思不符的选项，可结合排除法。A项“与英国相比，美国在零售现金交易数量上可能落后了十年”，选项关键词为America和Britain，定位到第二段第五、六句“BritainisprobablyfourorsixyearsbehindtheNordiccountries.Americaisperhapsadecadebehind.(英国可能比北欧国家落后四或六年，美国可能落后十年)”由此可知，美国落后北欧国家十年，而不是落后英国十年，A项错误。B项“淘汰现金的速度在几个国家是不同的”，根据第二段第一句“Countriesareeliminatingcashatvaryingspeeds.(国家之间淘汰现金的速度是不同的)”，可知B项与文章内容相符。故B项可排除。C项“即使在不富裕的地区，现金的主导地位也在削弱”，选项关键词是Thedominanceofcashisbeingeroded，定位到第二段倒数第二、三句“Outsidetherichworld，cashisstillking.Buteventhereitsdominanceisbeingeroded.(在不富裕的地区，现金仍然为王；但即便如此，它的统治地住也在削弱)”由此可知，C项与文章意思相符，其中thenon-richareas与原文中的outsidetherichworld是同义转换。故C项可排除。D项“从2012年到2017年，中国的数字支付出现了增长”，选项关键词是China，定位到第二段最后一句“InChinadigitalpaymentsrosefrom4%ofallpaymentsin2012to34%in2017.(在中国，数字支付占所有支付的比例从2012年的4%上升至2017年的34%)”由此可知，D项表述正确。故D项可排除。综上分析，本题要选出与文意不符的选项，故本题选A。19、Whichofthefollowin