山东省济南市2023-2024学年高三开学统考英语试题及答案

2023-2024学年高中三年级摸底考试英语试题本试卷共12页，满分150分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。4.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)该部分分为第一、第二两节，注意：回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanplantodoforthesummervacation?A.StayinLondon.B.Gosightseeing.C.Seehisparents.2.Whydidthewomanchangethereservation?A.Shecancelledtheparty.B.Shegotthedatewrong.C.Sheputoffherplan.3.Whathappenedtotheman?A.Hefoundacarkey.B.Helosthiscarkey.C.Hegothiskeyring.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Thecomingtests.B.Thestressinlife.C.Thelearningmethods.5.Whatistheweatherlikenow?A.Rainy.B.Stormy.C.Fine.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听!后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6和第7题。6.Whatwillthemandoforthewoman?A.Takehertotheairport.B.Helpherwiththebag.C.Waitforherinataxi.7.Whendoesthewomanplantoarriveattheairport?A.Atabout4:00p.m.B.Atabout3:00p.m.C.Atabout2:00p.m.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Parentandchild.C.Brotherandsister.9.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.EnjoyLinda'sdrawings.B.Dosomevolunteerwork.C.Drawsomeelderlypeople.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A.Giveheraride.B.Takeataxiwithher.C.Joinameetingat10a.m.11.Wherewillthespeakersmeet?A.Atameetingroom.B.Atahomeoffice.C.Atacoffeeshop.12.Whatwillthespeakersdotogether?A.Havelunch.B.LeaveLondon.C.TalkwithMr.White.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatisthemandoing?A.Havingabusinesstalk.B.Attendinganinterview.C.Listeningtoacollegelecture.14.Whydoesthemanapplyfortheposition?A.Tomakemoney.B.Tofinishclasses.C.Togainexperience.15.Whenwillthemanstartwork?A.InApril.B.InMay.C.InJuly.16.Whatcanwelearnabouttheman?A.Hewastrainedbeforeforthejob.B.Hemajorsincomputerscience.C.Hedoesn'tcareaboutthepay.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatmightthespeakerbe?A.Aguide.B.Aparent.C.Aplayer.18.What'sextremelyimportanttothelisteners?A.Takingaquicktour.B.Returningtothebusontime.C.Rememberingthemeetingplace.19.Whenwillthelistenershavetheirmeeting?A.Atnoon.B.Tomorrow.C.Thisafternoon.20.Whatwillthelistenersdofirst?A.Havetheirlunch.B.Interactwithplayers.C.Touraroundthestadium.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABostonUniversity(BU)istest-optionalforfirst-yearinternationalapplicantsapplyingforfall2023.StudentswillberequiredtosubmittheTOEFL,IELTSorDETtestscoresastheprimarymeansforevaluatingEnglishlanguagecapacity.Highschoolrecords,teacherevaluationandyourfinancialdocumentsshallalsobeincludedinapplicantchecklist.ApplicantsmustdecideforthemselveswhethertoincludestandardizedtestscoreswiththeirBUapplication.StandardizedTestScoresBUacceptsself-reportedstandardizedtestscoresonyourapplication.Youmayalsosubmityourofficialtestscoresbythetestingagency,orthroughtheself-reportformontheMyBUApplicantPortal.Pleasenote:Ifyousubmitself-reportedstandardizedtestscores,anofficialscorereportfromthetestingagencywillberequiredbeforeregisteringatBU.Ifthescoresonthosedifferevenslightlyfromthescoresyouself-reportedearlier,yourapplicationwillmostlikelybedisqualified.HighSchoolReportsOfficialcopiesofyourhighschoolreportsmustbesubmittedbyaschoolofficial.Ifyouareadmittedinaninternationalcoursewithnationalexams,pleaseseeourHighSchoolCredentials(资格证书)pageforhowtosubmittheseofficialresults.FormostBUprograms,therecommendedhighschoolcoursesareasfollows:4yearsofEnglish3-4yearsofmathematics3-4yearsoflaboratoryscience3-4yearsofhistoryand/orsocialscience21.WhichareoptionalinapplyingtoBU?A.Financialdocuments.B.Highschoolrecords.C.Standardizedtestscores.D.Teacherevaluationreports.22.Whatmaycauseafailureinyourapplication?A.Updatingapplicantinformation.B.Submittinginconsistenttestresults.C.TakingdifferentEnglishlanguagetests.D.ReportingscoresontheMyBUApplicantPortal.23.Whoisthetextintendedfor?A.Testorganizers.B.Primarystudents.C.Collegeprofessors.D.Internationalapplicants.BBeforejoiningtheWNBA,NapheesaCollierwonanationalchampionshipasakeyplayerduringtheUniversityofConnecticut'sundefeated2016season.Collierisalsoonanotherteam:She'sanEcoAthleteschampion.EcoAthletesisanonprofitlaunchedjustoverayearago,withthemissiontoinspireandcoachathletestoleadclimateaction.Initsfirstyear,34currentandretiredprofessionalathleteshavejoinedtheteam,fromawiderangeofsportsandcountries."MyteammatesandItalkaboutalotofissues,butwehaven'tgottenintoitonclimateyet,"saysCollier."Twothingsmyteammatesdotalkaboutareracialandeconomicinjustice.Iknowthatclimatechangemakestheseissuesmuchmoredifficulttodealwith.IhopeEcoAthletescanhelpmebringpeople'sattentiontoitandtoactonpositivesolutions."Althoughthere'salonghistoryofathletestakingastandonsocialjusticeissues,theyhavebeenmorehesitanttospeakoutaboutclimatechangeforanumberofreasons,explainsLewisBlaustein,thefounderofEcoAthletes."First,someathletesprefertonotpubliclyengageinpolities,whichiscommontoarangeofadvocacywork.Second,whenitcomestoclimate,athletesworriedaboutcommunicatingthesciencepoorly.Finally,fearsofbeinglabeleda'climatefake(冒充者)'alsostoodintheway."Toovercomethesechallenges,EcoAthletesoffersathletesaccesstoaresourcecenterandorganizeseventsforathletestolearnfromclimatescientistsandotherclimateexperts.Inturn,athletescansharetheirpassionfortheenvironmentwiththeirfans,getinvolvedinmoredirectactionandevenadvocateforpolicychange."Alotofitistryingtoeducateourfollowersandtalkaboutclimatechange,"saysCollier."CaringabouttheEarthshouldn'tbeahobbyoranidentity,butaresponsibilitythateveryonerecognizesastheirown.Oncethathappens,sustainabilitywillbecomeavalueineverydaydecisionmakingandallthoseactionswilladdup."24.WhywasEcoAthletessetup?A.Topromoteeco-friendlysports.B.Toprovideaplatformforworldleaders.C.Toappealtoathletestotakeclimateaction.D.Toinspirecoachestoleadclimateactivities.25.Whichofthefollowingmaypreventathletesfromengaginginclimateissues?A.Higheconomicpressure.B.Lackofrelatedknowledge.C.Poorinterpersonalrelationships.D.Worryaboutbreakingsportsrules.26.WhatwillathletesgetfromjoiningEcoAthletes?A.Accesstosportsskills.B.Waystoattractfollowers.C.Chancestolearnclimatescience.D.Rightstodraftclimatepolicies.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Responsibilityfallsonclimateexperts.B.Greatnesscomesfromsmallbeginnings.C.Thespiritsofsportsmakegreatathletes.D.Activeengagementmakesadifference.CHaveyoueverfelttheurgetoinputcriticalfinancialinformationonanot-so-familiarbusiness'swebsite?Wouldyoudaretoentrustyourcreditcarddetailsorpasswordstopotentiallyunsafetradingplatforms?ResearchersfromtheUniversityofViennahavetackledthisdilemmabydesigninganunconditionallysecuresystemforconductingtradeinsuchsituations.Thissolutionis"quantum(量子)-digitalpayments"whichcombinescrystallographic(加密的)methodswiththepropertiesofquantumlight.Intoday'spaymentecosystem,customers'sensitivedataisreplacedbysetsofrandomnumbers,andtheuniquenessofeachtradeissecuredbyaclassicalcrystallographicmethod.However,companieswithpowerfulcomputationalresourcescanbreakthesecodesandrecoverthecustomers'privatedata,andforexample,makepaymentsintheirname.AresearchteamledbyprofessorPhilipWaltherfromtheUniversityofViennahasshownhowthequantumpropertiesoflightcanensuresecurityfordigitalpayments.Inanexperiment,theresearchersdemonstratedthateachtradecannotbecopied.Theyreplacedclassicalcrystallographictechniqueswithaquantumprotocol(协议)usingsinglephotons,aunitofenergy.Duringthecourseofaclassicaldigitalpaymenttrade,theclientsharesaclassicalcodecalledcryptogramwithhispaymentprovider.Thiscryptogramisthenpassedonbetweenthecustomer,businessmen,andpaymentprovider.Inthedemonstratedquantumprotocolthiscryptogramisgeneratedbyhavingthepaymentprovidersendingparticularlypreparedsinglephotonstotheclient.Theresearcherssuccessfullyconductedquantum-digitalpayments,connectingtwouniversitybuildingsindowntownVienna.Digitalpaymentscurrentlyoperatewithinafewseconds."Atpresent,ourprotocoltakesafewminutesofquantumcommunicationtocompleteatrade.Thisistoguaranteesecurityinthepresenceofnoiseandlosses,"saysPhilipWalther."However,thesetimelimitationsareonlyoftechnologicalnature.Wewillwitnessthatquantum-digitalpaymentsreachpracticalperformanceintheverynearfuture."28.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"thisdilemma"inParagraph2referto?A.Needforfinancialservices.B.Urgetogetridofcreditcards.C.Fearofdigitalpaymentsafety.D.Concernaboutfalseinformation.29.Whatisadisadvantageofthepresentpaymentsystem?A.Theconvenienceofpaymentcan'tbeenjoyed.B.Theuniquenessoftradecan'tbeensured.C.Customers'privatedatamaybeleaked.D.Customerpaymentchoicesarelimited.30.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Howquantum-digitalpaymentworks.B.Howdigitalpaymentprovessafer.C.Whysinglephotonsarenecessary.D.Whatisimportantforonlinetrade.31.WhatisPhilip'sattitudetowardsquantum-digitalpayment?A.Confident,B.Doubtful.C.Unclear.D.Conservative.DInthe1950s,BritishhistorianNortheasterParkinsoncameupwithaconceptwhichwaslaterknownasParkinson'sLawofTriviality.Itstatesthattheamountoftimespentdiscussinganissueinanorganizationisoppositelyassociatedwithitsactualimportance.Parkinson'sLawofTrivialityisalsoknownas"bike-shedding(车棚)",afterthestoryParkinsonusestoillustrateit.Heasksreaderstoimagineafinancialcommitteemeetingtodiscussathree-pointagenda.Thepointsareasfollows;Aproposalforaf10millionnuclearpowerplant;Aproposalforaf350bikeshed;Aproposalforaf21annualcoffeebudget.Whathappens?Thecommitteeendsuprunningthroughthenuclearpowerplantproposalinlittletime.It'stooadvancedforanyonetoreallydigintothedetails.Thediscussionsoonmovestothebikeshed.Here,everyone'sanexpert.Intheend,thecommitteerunsoutoftimeanddecidestomeetagaintocompletetheiranalysis.Bike-sheddinghappensbecausethesmalleramatteris,themorepeoplewillhaveanopiniononit,evenwhenthereisnogenuinevaluetoadd.Whensomethingisoutsideofourcircleofcompetence,likeanuclearpowerplant,wedon'teventrytoexpressanopinion.Butwhensomethingiscomprehensible,everyonewantstoshowthattheyknowaboutthetopicathand.Howcanweavoidbike-shedding?Themainthingyoucandoistohaveaclearpurpose.PriyaParker,theauthorofTheArtofGathering:HowWeMeetandWhyItMatters,saysthatanysuccessfulgatheringneedstohaveafocusedpurpose."Specificity,"shesays,"isa.crucialelement."Whenitcomestochoosingyourlistofinvitees,Parkerwrites,"ifthepurposeofyourmeetingistomakeadecision,youmaywanttoconsiderhavingfewercooksinthekitchen."Gettingtheresultyouwant-athoughtful,educateddiscussionaboutthatpowerplant-dependsonhavingtherightpeopleintheroom.32.WhatisParkinson'spurposeofpresentingtheimaginarymeeting?A.Tostateafact.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Tomakeaprediction.D.Tointroduceanewpoint.33.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?A.Themoreyouknow,thelessyouspeak.B.Whatissimpleforyoumaybetoughforothers.C.Whatrequiresmoreworkmaygetlessattention.D.Themoreyouputin,thebetteryourresultwillbe.34.Whichistheauthor'ssuggestionforasuccessfulmeeting?A.Planningbeforethemeeting.B.Gettingtherightpeopletothetable.C.Spendinglesstimeontheminorissues.D.Takingdifferentopinionsintoaccount.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Purpose:TheKeytoanEffectiveMeetingB.Talent:ACrucialElementinOrganizationsC.TheBikeShedEffect:AvoidingSmallMattersD.NuclearPowerPlant:TheLess-knownProposal第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ConsumersintheUnitedStatesspentnearly$3.7millionondishwashingsoapin2018togettheirdishesclean.Thatsetsthequestion:Dowereallyneeddishwashingsoaptogetourdishesclean?Theshortansweris:No.__36__Howcanwegetourdishescleanwithoutusingdishwashingsoap?Hotwaterisaneffectiveandtime-testedmethod.Alotofwhatweeatiswater-solubleandcansimplybewashedawaywithveryhotwater.__37__.Theyneedanalkali(碱)tobreakthemdown.So,ifyou'reoutofdishsoapandhaveathickoilypantowash,you'llneedtomakeyourownsoapbyaddinganalkalitohotwater.Youcanalsorunyourdishwasherusingonlytherinse(漂洗)cycle.Simplyremovetheremainsandpretenseyourdishesthoroughlybyhandandloadasusualinthemachine.Addwhitevinegar,asharp-tastingliquidusedincooking,tothecleaningcup.__38__.Setyourdishwasherontherinsecycleandyouwillgetclean,shinydishes.Ifyou'reacamperorafarmer,plantandwoodashes—remainsofburntplantsandwood—arereadilyavailableintheremainsofyourcampfire,whichhaveservedasdishwashingsoapforalongtime.Gathersomeashesfromyourcampfireandputtheminapot.Inaseparatepotboilsomewater.Slowlypourhotwaterovertheashes,justenoughtomakeamixture.__39__Whilewoodashesmaynotwinthegoodhousekeepingsealofapproval,they'llcleanyourpanandgetitreadyforairdrying.__40__Sowhetheryoufindyourselfdowntothelastdropofyourdishwashingsoapathome,forgettobringitalongonyourcampingtriporjustwanttotryaneco-friendly,naturalalternative,turntothesethingstohelpyou.A.Wecangetalongwithoutit.B.Aneco-friendlycleaningsolutioniscreated.C.Animalfatsandproteins,however,aretheopposite.D.Peopleusedunusualthingsinthenaturalworldaroundthem.E.Dishwashingsoaphasonlybeenaroundsincethemid-20thcentury.F.It'sgoodtoknowthatthere'realternativestomakeyourdishesclean.G.Theacidwillwipeouttheharmfulthingsandkeepthedishesfromspotting.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。InSanAntonio,athemeparkcalledMorgan'sWonderlandhaswelcomedvisitorsacrosstheglobe.It'safully__41__spacedesignedforpeoplewhohavespecialneeds,anditallbeganwithonedadwhowantedtomakehisdaughterMorganHartman__42__.MorganHartmanwasbornwith__43__.Onafamilyvacationbackin2006,Morgan'sfather,Gordon,noticedherbeing__44__byagroupofchildrenshewastryingtoplaywithatahotelswimmingpool."ItleftMorganwithapainfulexperience.Allshewantedwasto__45__,"Gordonsaid.So,likeanygoodfatherwhoseeshischildbeinghurtinsomeway,he__46__tocreateaspacewhereeveryonefeltwelcome.Fouryearsand$35millionlater,Morgan'sWonderlandwas__47__andopenedtotheworld.Thenonprofitthemepark__48__25fancyattractionsandoffersfreeadmissiontoanyonewithadisability.Morgan'sWonderlandisa__49__thatthegovernmentisactivelyencouragingthewidercommunitytoadoptaswell.Allitsfacilitiesforthedisabledare__50__integratedwiththesurroundings,sotheyneverattractunnecessaryattentiontotheir__51__.Inadditiontoridesandgames,Morgan'sWonderlandalsooffersan__52__calledtheHomeLab,wherethedisabledcanpracticedailyactivitiessuchaspreparingfood,gettingdressedandsocializinginasafe,comfortablesettingusing__53__technology.GordonisclearthatMorgan'sWonderlandsuppliesanopportunityforthechildrenwhohavespecialneedswiththekindofinteractionshesawhisdaughter__54__ofsomanyyearsago,nomatterwhattheir__55__maybe.41.A.movable42.A.calm43.A.dreams44.A.takenin45.A.participate46.A.hesitated47.A.designed48.A.rents49.A.model50.A.likely51.A.brand52.A.object53.A.assistive54.A.suspected55.A.futureB.privateB.happyB.talentsB.caredforB.challengeB.beggedB.donatedB.featuresB.planB.perfectlyB.qualityB.adventureB.educationalB.deniedB.cultureC.accessibleC.strongC.disabilitiesC.watchedoverC.escapeC.agreedC.completedC.discoversC.chanceC.partlyC.structureC.experienceC.militaryC.warnedC.beliefD.cleanD.proudD.addictionsD.leftoutD.adaptD.determinedD.repairedD.exploresD.recordD.basicallyD.existenceD.inventionD.medicalD.remindedD.condition第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinahasauniqueandtime-honoredarchitecturaltradition,datingbacktotheZhouDynasty.Sinceancienttimes,severaltypesofarchitecturehavebeen__56__(traditional)builtbytheChinese.Eachofthesekindsofconstructionhasdifferentfeatures.Thewoodenarchitecturehasdistinctivefeatures__57__changedlittlefromtheZhouDynasty.Thebuildings__58__(construct)strongenoughtosurvivenaturaldisastersandwereeasiertorebuild.A__59__(notice)featureofthewoodenbuildingswasroofswithwideeaves(屋檐)andslightlyupturnedcorners.Thebuildersconsidered__60__importanttocoverwoodenbuildingswith__61__(overhang)roofs.Thiswastoprotectthebuildingfromweatheringsincewoodgotdamagedmuch__62__(fast)whenitwaswet.Anotherfeatureisthesouthfacingorientation(方向).Whencourtyardswerebuiltwithtallerbuildingsinthenorth__63__shorterwallsfacingeastandwestinthesouth,itallowedthemaximumamountofsunlight__64__(warm)thebuildingduringthewintermonths.Thiswas__65__thedoorandwindowsofthemainbuildingfacedsouthwardsandopenedovertheinnercourtyard.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是李华，下个月要赴英国参加交流活动，将寄宿在活动负责人Frank家。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：1.咨询居住条件、交通方式等；2.期待相见。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearFrank,DearFrank,Yourssincerely,LiHua第二节(满分25分)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Almosteverykidhastheexperienceoflosingatreasuredbelonging.Sodoes8-year-oldMayaZrihen.Butwhatshedidafterwardsreallysetsherapart.MayahasbeencollectingJuniorRangerbadges(小护林员徽章)onfamilytripstonationalparks."Nationalparksareverybeautiful,andIwanttoprotectthem,sothat'swhyI'maJuniorRanger,"shesaid.Whenthefamilyfirstlearned