高考英语专题复习：信息还原题

第二部分阅读理解专题信息还原题高考英语总复习1.信息还原主要考查考生对文章结构的了解,考生需把握住整篇文章的

文脉,即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。2.信息还原不但要求考生具备词汇、句子、语段、语篇等方面的知识,

而且还要求考生具有辨证、综合、分析、归纳方面的逻辑思维能力,即

对阅读的深层理解。’考纲解读命题规律趋势探究1.对逻辑关系的考查成为考查重点。2.短文的特点如下:(1)选材特点:短文一般为350词左右的说明文或议论文,其中正文词数26

0左右,选项词数90左右;(2)短文篇章结构常为:提出问题——解决问题;(3)七个选项意义上都与短文相关,设空类型一般有标题类、段落主题

句类、过渡句类、细节类;(4)选项均为完整句子,句型不一;(5)顺序通常按长度排列。命题规律突破方法1.阅读时不能仅仅注重文章细节,更应该注意文章的布局。2.注意句子之间的逻辑关系(是总还是分?是主旨还是细节?)。3.注意段落间的逻辑关系(转折?递进?总结?举例?……)。4.将历届高考试题进行分析,重点分析结构清晰的说明文或议论文。一、信息还原的解题步骤1.通读整篇文章,把握整段语脉,理出文章的中心在做信息还原类试题时,首先要通读整篇文章,大致弄清文章结构,理出

文章的中心。语篇通常由段落构成,所以分析篇章结构包括两个层次:

一是分析段落之间的层次;二是分析每个段落内部的层次。选项与前后

句之间的逻辑关系,是确定答案的主要依据。注意文章的首段和末段,

因为英文写作的常见方式为“开门见山式”和“结尾总结式”。首段

对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。如果它是文章的主题句,就可

以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开,并对文章的写作主题有整体的考点知识全面总结把握。如果首段没有主题句,则需要继续寻找。这时,可以考虑文章的

写作方式是否为“结尾总结式”,如果两者均可排除,则需在文章中其

他段落寻找主题句,但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。2.辨别语境线索边读边做题,重点阅读各个问题附近的句子,圈定线索词,然后从选项中

寻找相关的特征词,以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一

题做不出或拿不准,可先放过,继续往下读,先做容易的、能做出的题,直

到读完整篇文章。至此,文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系

应基本清楚了。再将剩余选项放入空白处,看看是否与上下文构成语义

及逻辑上的直接关系,是否符合该处语境,能否承接前后的写作线索。3.确定答案,入文复查在完成选项定位后,应通读全文,检查文章内容是否完整,语义是否连

贯、合理,各段落内容是否紧扣主题,语篇结构是否连贯、具有一致

性、合乎逻辑,写作思路是否清晰明了,格式以及用语是否恰当,从而判

断选择的答案是否正确。同时,我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析。

个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近而具有很强的干扰性,这时

就需要我们认真分析、仔细甄别,排除干扰,从而得出正确答案。二、信息还原的解题策略1.从意思上判断在做题时最重要的是要读懂空格处前后的句子,明白这几句话的确切意

思,然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意

思的基础上,再利用线索特征词等进一步确认答案。2.从词汇上锁定线索做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感,最主要的线索特征词

是空格处前后的名词和动词,寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近

义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。其次是代词、数词、表示

时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况

下,利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。3.从关联词上查找由于英语的句、段之间经常会运用关联词或某些具有关联作用的副词

表示衔接和过渡,使文章逻辑更清楚和连贯,因此文章中和选项中表示

各种逻辑关系的信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。在做题时可

将这三个层面的线索很好地结合起来。例如,表示并列、选择或递进关系的词,一般表示前后句子的名词或句意具有同指性;表示转折或让步

关系的词则往往表示前后句子的名词同指,但句意对立,或褒贬对立,或

肯否对立;表示例证关系的词则意味着在举例之前或之后有表述概念或

某一观点的句子,往往会有复述名词出现。常见的关联词及有关联作用

的副词或短语如下:(1)并列、选择或递进关系:and,or,also,neither...nor...,either...or...,like-

wise,similarly,equally,inthesameway,thatistosay,aswellas,thesame...

as,besides,additionally,furthermore,moreover,inadditionto,whatismore

等。(2)因果关系:because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so...that,conse-

quently,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,asaresult,becauseof,inthat,forthisreason,ofcourse等。(3)转折或让步关系:but,however,yet,onthecontrary,bycontrast,onthe

otherhand,unfortunately,while,whereas,unlike,ratherthan,insteadof,al-

though,though,eventhough,evenif,nevertheless,despite,inspiteof等。(4)时间关系:afterwards,atfirst,atlast,finally,first,firstly,inthefirstplace,

tostartwith,inthemeantime,last,later,next,second,secondly,then,third,

thirdly,tobeginwith以及一些具体的时间等。4.根据试题所在的不同位置确定不同的解题策略(1)如果问题在段首①通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容,根据段落一致性原则,查找

同义词或其他相关的词,推断出主题句。②与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一、二句,锁定

线索信息词,然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句

与空格处后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的,因此这两句间会有某种衔

接手段。③段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找提示,即阅读上一段结尾部分

(通常正确答案可与上一段结尾有效衔接起来),并结合下一段内容,看所

选的答案是否能使两段内容连贯起来。(2)如果问题在段尾①空格处前的一句或两句是重点语句,重点阅读以锁定关键词。②通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总

结等的信息词,如therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等词语,选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。③与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对

比的词,同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、

对比关系。④与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下,通常是该段落要求补全说

明本段主题的其他细节,因此根据段落一致性原则,在原文和选项中找

到相关的特征词,通常在选项中会出现表示并列、递进关系的词或与前

文类似的句式结构,或出现同义词等其他信号线索。前面的一句与正确

答案的第一句是紧密相连的。特别注意阅读这样相连的两句,通常会找

到关键的线索词句。⑤所选答案是引出下一段的内容的。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联,此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。⑥如果第一段的段尾是空格处,要认真阅读,看此处是细节还是主题。

通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题,如果在段尾提出主题,会用一些信

号词引出来,正确答案中应有这样的特征词。(3)如果问题是一整个自然段①这个段落应该是承上启下的,而且自成一体,即有一个段落的中心,因

此可重点阅读选项中较长的选项,以此类推直至找到正确答案。②着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一两句查找相关的线索,而且重要线索通常会在后一段开头,因此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更为重要。③分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性,注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项代入原文,如果前后内容连贯,符合逻辑,就能得出正确答案。信息还原题专题训练A组自主命题·北京卷题组Passage1(2018北京)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余

选项。WhyDoWeGetAngry?Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthese

causescanmakeusexamineourbehavior,andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangry

aretriggering(触发)events,personalitytraits(特征),andourassessmentofsituations.1

Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages.

However,herearesomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineapproaching,experiencing

physicalpain,andmuchmore.2

Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingandothers

arenotisoftenduetoone'spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits.五年高考Eachperson,nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohavepersonality

traitsthatconnectwithcompetitivenessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelytogetangry.

3

Also,sometimespre-angerdoesnothavetodowithalastingcondition,butratheratempo-

rarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhasoccurred.4

Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre-anger,orangeritself.Some-

timesignoranceandnegative(消极的)outlooksonsituationscancreateanger.5

However,angercaneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforangertoappearinordertopreventitspresence.Withthesemainreasonsinmind,wecanevaluateourlevelofangerthroughoutthedayandpreventcasesofoutburstsbycomprehendingthereasonsforourfeel-ings.A.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.B.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.C.Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.D.Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeelan-gry.E.Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre-angerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundof

yourmind.F.Understandingthesereasonswillcontrolourownangerifwearewillingtoevaluateourselves

withacriticaleye.G.Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmay

ormaynottriggeranother.答案

[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章从三个方面向读者介绍了引起愤怒的原因,以帮助减

少愤怒的出现。1.F本句是总结句。空格位于段尾,作者在该空之前先给出引起人们发怒的三个主要原因:

triggeringevents(触发事件)、personalitytraits(个人性格特征)、assessmentofsituations(对形势

的评估),然后就自然地引出总结句:了解这些原因有什么用,故选择F项。2.G本句为细节句。第二段主要针对“triggeringevents(触发事件)”来展开。空格前作者先列举出几个生活中的事件,通常人们在遇到这些事之后的反应都是发怒;空格后作者介绍说

“因为个人经历和心理特点的不同,所以面对某些事时,有人发怒但也有人不生气”。因此该

空应该承上启下,应该说的是“人们对这些事件的反应是不尽相同的”,与G项一致。3.E本句为细节句。第三段主要的关键词是“personalitytraits(个人性格特征)”。空格前一

句话提到争强好胜的人及忍耐度低的人更容易发怒;空格后介绍pre-anger(生气前兆)的特点,

与E项的thesepersonalitytraits和pre-anger形成原词复现,故选E项。4.A本句为主题句。通读本段内容可知该段主要围绕“ourassessmentofsituations”展开。

空后第二句话中的outlooksonsituations的意思是“对局势的判断”,与A项“Ourattitudeand

viewpointonsituations”意思相近,故选A项。5.D本句为过渡句。由衔接词“However”可知,设空处内容与后文内容相反,故D项“发怒

是一种特别强烈的情感,或许人们认为愤怒是情有可原的”放在此处最合适,因此选D项。Passage2(2017北京)Everyanimalsleeps,butthereasonforthishasremainedfoggy.Whenlabratsarenotallowedto

sleep,theydiewithinamonth.

1

Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthennewmemories.2

Weknowthat,whileawake,fresh

memoriesarerecordedbyreinforcing(加强)connectionsbetweenbraincells,butthememorypro-

cessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.Supportisgrowingforatheorythatsleepevolvedsothatconnectionsbetweenneurons(神经元)in

thebraincanbeweakenedovernight,makingroomforfreshmemoriestoformthenextday.3

Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.4

Thesynapsesinthemicetakenat

theendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthat

theconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.IfTononi'stheoryisright,itwouldexplainwhy,whenwemissanight'ssleep,wefinditharder

thenextdaytoconcentrateandlearnnewinformation—ourbrainsmayhavesmallerroomfornew

experiences.Theirresearchalsosuggestshowwemaybuildlastingmemoriesovertimeeventhoughthe

synapsesbecomethinner.Theteamdiscoveredthatsomesynapsesseemtobeprotectedandstayedthesamesize.5

“Youkeepwhatmatters,”Tononisays.A.Weshouldalsotrytosleepwellthenightbefore.B.It'sasifthebrainispreservingitsmostimportantmemories.C.Similarly,whenpeoplegoforafewdayswithoutsleeping,theygetsick.D.Theprocessestakeplacetostopourbrainsbecomingloadedwithmemories.E.That'swhystudentsdobetterintestsiftheygetachancetosleepafterlearning.F.“Sleepisthepricewepayforlearning,”saysGiulioTononi,whodevelopedtheidea.G.Tononi'steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.答案

[语篇解读]本文为说明文。研究表明,睡眠期间脑细胞之间的关联会减弱,从而使大脑为新

的记忆腾出空间,但是对于重要的记忆,大脑则会对其加以保护。1.C细节句。上句指出,当不允许实验室的老鼠睡觉时,它们在一个月之内就死去了。本句

是上句的延伸,由动物转移到了人类。C项符合语境,意为“同样,人几天不睡觉的话也会生病”。2.E细节句。上句指出睡眠有助于加强新的记忆,下文对此进行了解释。本句应该是对这个

观点的回应,E项“那也就是为什么学生在学习之后如果有机会睡觉的话,他们就会考得更

好”符合语境。3.F过渡句。下段首句指出“现在我们有最直接的证据证明他是正确的”,由此可知本句应

指出某人的观点。结合本段提出的“睡觉期间神经元之间的关联减弱,从而为第二天要形成

的新记忆腾出空间”,可以判断F项符合语境。4.G过渡句。下句的synapses以及themice为关键线索。下文指出了老鼠在睡完一觉后和睡

觉前“synapses”的不同,所以本句应该指出本次试验的内容,故G项符合语境。5.B细节句。上句指出,研究团队发现某些神经突触似乎得到了保护,并未发生变化,这正是

对某些重要记忆的保护,故B项正确。高级语块

1.foggyadj.模糊的;有雾的2.makeroomfor为……腾出空间3.matterv.重要;

要紧;有关系长难句

Weknowthat,whileawake,freshmemoriesarerecordedbyreinforcingconnectionsbe-

tweenbraincells,butthememoryprocessesthattakeplacewhilewesleephavebeenunclear.我们知道,在醒着的时候,通过加强脑细胞之间的关联,新的记忆被记住,但在我们睡觉时发生的记

忆过程还不清楚。连词but连接了两个并列分句,在前一分句中,谓语动词know后为that引导的宾语从句,while

awake作状语;在后一分句中,that为关系代词,代指先行词thememoryprocesses,whilewesleep

为时间状语从句。Passage3(2016北京)TheScienceofRisk-SeekingSometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightherisk

andthereward,theriskseemsworthtaking.

1

Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurprise

andscaretherestofus.Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.Risk-takers

werebetterathunting,fighting,orexploring.

2

Asthequalityofrisk-takingwaspassedfrom

onegenerationtothenext,humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.Sowhyaren'twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?Well,even200,000yearsago,toomuchrisk-takingcouldgetonekilled.Afewdaringsurvived,though,alongwithafewstay-in-the-cave

types.Asaresult,humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexiststoday.Somaybe

youlovecarracing,ormaybeyouhateit.3

Nomatterwhereyouareontherisk-seekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisks

increasesduringyourteenageyears.4

Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhunger

fornewexperiences.Newexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisesyourtol-

eranceforriskaswell.

5

Fortherisk-seekers,apartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whilefortherest

ofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.Asexpertscontinuetostudythescienceofrisk-seeking,we'llcontinuetohitthemountains,the

wavesortheshallowendofthepool.A.Italldependsonyourcharacter.B.Thosearetherisksyoushouldjumptotake.C.Beingbetteratthosethingsmeantagreaterchanceofsurvival.D.Thus,thesewell-equippedpeoplesurvivedbecausetheywerethefittest.E.Thisiswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothebiggerworld.F.However,wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.G.Newbrainresearchsuggestsourbrainsworkdifferentlywhenwefaceanervoussituation.答案

[语篇解读]本文为议论文。文章就寻求风险展开了议论。1.F上句提到值得冒险,而下句说有一些活动让一些人感到享受,却让另一些人害怕,故此处

是说衡量风险和回报的标准不同,所以选F项。2.C上句提到冒险者更擅长捕猎等。C项中的Beingbetterat是上句中的werebetterat的复

现,故选C项。3.A由本段可知人类形成了各种各样的性格类型。你或者喜欢某项冒险活动或者不喜欢。

这都是取决于你的性格特点的。最后一句总结本段得出主旨。4.E上句提到:对冒险活动的热爱在青少年时期有所增长。设空处应该是对青少年时期的说

明,故选E项。5.G由下句中的apartofthebrain可知选G。长难句

Fortherisk-seekers,apartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whileforthe

restofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.对于寻求刺激的人来说,大脑中与快

乐相关的部分变得活跃起来,而对于我们剩下的人来说,大脑中与恐惧相关的部分变得活跃起来。while连接两个并列分句,两个分句中的relatedtopleasure和relatedtofear都是过去分词短语作

后置定语,修饰apartofthebrain。Passage4(2015北京)ThisWaytoDreamlandDaydreamingmeanspeoplethinkaboutsomethingpleasant,especiallywhenthismakesthemfor-

getwhattheyshouldbedoing.Daydreamershaveabadreputationforbeingunawareofwhat's

happeningaroundthem.Theycanseemforgetfulandclumsy.

1

Theyannoyusbecausethey

seemtobeignoringusandmissingtheimportantthings.Butdaydreamersarealsoresponsibleforsomeofthegreatestideasandachievementsinhumanhistory.2

Canyouimaginewhatkindofworldwewouldhavewithoutsuchideasandinven-tions?Sohowcanyoucomeupwithbrilliantdaydreamsandavoidfallingovertreerootsorotherwise

lookinglikeafool?First,understandthatsomeopportunities(机会)fordaydreamingarebetterthanothers.Feelingsafe

andrelaxedwillhelpyoutoslipintodaydreams.3

Andifyouwanttoimproveyourchancesof

havingacreativeideawhileyou'redaydreaming,trytodoitwhileyouareinvolvedinanother

task—preferablysomethingsimple,liketakingashowerorwalking,orevenmakingmeaningless

drawings.It'salsoimportanttoknowhowtoavoiddaydreamsforthosetimeswhenyoureallyneedtocon-

centrate.“Mindfulness”,beingfocused,isatoolthatsomepeopleusetoavoidfallingasleep.

4

Finally,youneverknowwhatwonderfulideamightstrikewhileyourmindhasmovedslowly

away.

5

Alwaysrememberthatyourbestideasmightcomewhenyourheadisactuallyintheclouds.A.Havinginterestingthingstothinkaboutalsohelps.B.Theystareoffintospaceandwanderbythemselves.C.Withoutwanderingminds,wewouldn'thaverelativity,CokeorPost-itnotes.D.Atonetime,daydreamingwasthoughttobeacauseofsomementalillnesses.E.Itinvolvesslow,steadybreathingforself-controlthathelpspeoplestaycalmandattentive.F.Daydreamsareoftenverysimpleanddirect,quiteunlikesleepdreams,whichmaybehardtoun-

derstand.G.Therefore,it'sagoodideatokeepanotebookorvoicerecordernearbywhenyou'reintheday-

dreamzone.答案

[语篇解读]

文章介绍了做白日梦的人有时健忘、笨拙,但是伟大的思想和成就是和白日梦分不开的。1.B由前句和后句可知该句在描述做白日梦的人的情况。故选B项。2.C由前句的表述可知在人类历史上一些伟大的想法和辉煌的成就是由那些爱做白日梦的

人带来的。C项中的relativity(相对论),Coke和Post-itnotes是列举的一些伟大想法和成就,故C

项符合此处语境。3.A由前文可知本段在讲述如何做巧妙的白日梦,故选A项。4.E第五段叙述了在人们需要集中注意力时,如何避免做白日梦。由E项中的关键词attentive

(专注的)可知选E项。5.G文章第六段第一句与G项为因果关系。高级语块slipinto滑进,进入长难句Daydreamingmeanspeoplethinkaboutsomethingpleasant,especiallywhenthismakes

themforgetwhattheyshouldbedoing.做白日梦是指人们想一些愉快的事情,尤其指那些能让

他们忘记他们应该做什么的事情。本句话主句的主语是Daydreaming;means是谓语动词;means后是宾语从句,省略了that。when

引导时间状语从句,从句中forget后接what引导的宾语从句。Passage5(2014北京)EvaluatingSources(来源)ofHealthInformationMakinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequiresreasonableevaluation.Akeyfirststepinbet-

teringyourevaluationabilityistolookcarefullyatyoursourcesofhealthinformation.Reasonable

evaluationincludesknowingwhereandhowtofindrelevantinformation,howtoseparatefactfrom

opinion,howtorecognizepoorreasoning,andhowtoanalyzeinformationandthereliabilityof

sources.1

Gototheoriginalsource.Mediareportsoftensimplifytheresultsofmedicalresearch.Findoutfor

yourselfwhatastudyreallyreported,anddeterminewhetheritwasbasedongoodscience.Think

aboutthetypeofstudy.2

Watchformisleadinglanguage.Somestudieswillfindthatabehavior“contributesto”oris

“associatedwith”anoutcome;thisdoesnotmeanthatacertaincoursemustleadtoacertainre-

sult.3

Carefullyreadorlistentoinformationinordertofullyunderstandit.Useyourcommonsense.Ifareportseemstoogoodtobetrue,probablyitis.Beespeciallycarefulof

informationcontainedinadvertisements.

4

Evaluate“scientific”statementscarefully,andbeawareofquackery(江湖骗术).5

Friendsandfamilymemberscanbeagreatsourceofideasandinspiration,buteachofus

needstofindahealthylifestylethatworksforus.Developingtheabilitytoevaluatereasonablyandindependentlyabouthealthproblemswillserve

youwellthroughoutyourlife.A.Makechoicesthatarerightforyou.B.Thegoalofanadistosellyousomething.C.Besuretoworkthroughthecriticalquestions.D.Andexaminethefindingsoftheoriginalresearch.E.Distinguishbetweenresearchreportsandpublichealthadvice.F.Beawarethatinformationmayalsobeincorrectlyexplainedbyanauthor'spointofview.G.Thefollowingsuggestionscanhelpyousortthroughthehealthinformationyoureceivefrom

commonsources.

答案[语篇解读]本文为说明文,题材为科普知识。作者针对如何识别正确的健康信息提供了一些建议。1.G根据文章第二段、第三段、第四段的首句可以看出作者提供了一些建议,因此本空引出

了下文的多个建议,故选择G项。2.D根据第二段的第一句“Gototheoriginalsource.”可以看出D选项“Andexaminethe

findingsoftheoriginalresearch.”与第二段内容匹配。3.F根据第三段第一句“Watchformisleadinglanguage.”可以看出F项“Beawarethatin-

formationmayalsobeincorrectlyexplained...”与本段内容匹配。4.B空格处前一句中出现的advertisements与B项中的ad对应,因此选择B项。5.A空格后的“...thatworksforus.”与A项“Makechoicesthatarerightforyou.”对应,故选择A项。高级语块1.contributeto促成,造成2.beassociatedwith与……有关长难句Findoutforyourselfwhatastudyreallyreported,anddeterminewhetheritwasbasedon

goodscience.亲自找出一项研究真正阐明的内容,并且判断它是否基于真正的科学。and连接的两个分句均为祈使句,Findout...后接what引导的宾语从句,determine后接whether引

导的宾语从句。B组统一命题、省(区、市)卷题组Passage1(2018课标全国Ⅰ)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign—somethingyou'llalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspof

howtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou'lllovetolivein.

Doyouwantaroomthat'sfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxaf-

teralongday?1

,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthis

importantpoint.2

,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere'rereallyonly

threekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themedium

ones,andthelargeones.3

.They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususe

toaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasily

changeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.

4

.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffect

onthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou're

lookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.5

.A.WhileallofthemareusefulB.Whateveryou'relookingforC.Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolorD.Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithE.It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF.Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG.Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways答案

[语篇解读]

本文为说明文,介绍了在家居装修时如何选择颜色。只需作出三个决定即可:抱

枕、镜子等小物件的颜色选择;沙发、餐桌等中等物件的颜色选择;墙面、天花板、地板等大

物件的颜色选择。1.B本句为细节句。上文指出,你是想要一个充满生机的房间呢?还是专业的房间?或者你只

是在寻找漫长的一天过后供你休息的场所呢?本句应该对上文的问题作出回应,B项符合语境,

句意为“无论你在找什么样的房间,要想让房间给你想要的感觉,颜色至关重要”。B项中的

lookingfor为原词再现。2.A本句为细节句。上句指出,在过去的这些年,有很多不同的技巧帮助设计者达到这重要

的一点。本句应该对这些技巧作出回应,A项符合语境,句意为“虽然所有的技巧都有用处,但

是它们有点儿复杂”。A项中的allofthem代指上句中的differenttechniques。3.D本句为主题句。上段末尾指出了需要作出的三个决定(thesmallones,themediumones,

andthelargeones)。根据最后两段首句(Mediumcolorchoices...和Thelargecolordecisions...)可

知,这两段分别介绍了后两个决定,结合段落内容可知本段介绍第一个决定,故D项(Smallcolorchoices...)符合段落主题。4.G本句为过渡句。本段介绍了对家具这样的中等物件作出颜色选择。空格前的句子列举

了中等物件的例子,空格后的由and连接的两个分句从两方面与小物件的颜色选择进行了比

较,故G项符合语境。twomajorways与下句内容一致。5.F本句为细节句。上文指出,在对大物件的颜色作出选择时,付出的时间、精力和相关的费

用都意义重大,F项为该话题的延续,符合语境,意为“因为你想要第一次就选好,所以这肯定是

划算的”。高级语块1.fundamentaladj.基本的;十分重要的2.approachvt.处理;对付3.complexadj.复杂的4.commitmentn.付出;投入长难句Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingrooms

you'lllovetolivein.掌握在你的空间如何选择颜色的技巧是创造你喜欢居住的房间的首要步

骤之一。本句的主干为Agraspisoneofthefirststeps,howto...结构作介词of的宾语,you'lllovetolivein

为定语从句,先行词为rooms,省略了在从句中作宾语的关系代词。Passage2(2018课标全国Ⅱ)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyouarealreadymakingthetimetoexercise,itisgoodindeed!Withsuchbusylives,itcanbe

hardtotryandfindthetimetoworkout.

1

Workingoutinthemorningprovidesadditional

benefitsbeyondbeingphysicallyfit.●Yourproductivityisimproved.Exercisingmakesyoumoreawakeandreadytohandlewhatever

isaheadofyoufortheday.

2

●Yourmetabolism(新陈代谢)getsaheadstart.

3

Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyou

willbegettingthecalorie(卡路里)burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.●

4

Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoex-

ercisedintheevening.Exerciseenergizesyou,soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.●

5

Ifyouworkoutbrightandearlyinthemorning,youwillbemorelikelytosticktohealthy

foodchoicesthroughouttheday.Whowouldwanttoruintheirgoodworkoutbyeatingjunk

food?Youwillwanttocontinuetofocusonpositivechoices.Therearealotofbenefitstoworkingout,especiallyinthemornings.Setyouralarmclockanhour

earlyandpushyourselftoworkout!Youwillfeelenergizedalldaylong.A.Youwillsticktoyourdiet.B.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.C.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.D.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.E.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4—10hoursafterexercise.F.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.G.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou'redoingitnow,thenlistenup!答案

[语篇解读]

本文为说明文。早上锻炼不仅有利于身体健康,而且还可以提高效率、促进新

陈代谢、提高睡眠质量并帮你保持良好的饮食习惯。1.G本句为过渡句。空格前的句子指出在繁忙的生活中很难找到时间锻炼,空格后的句子则

指出了早上锻炼具有许多益处,G项意为“如果你计划定期锻炼或者现在正在锻炼,那么注意

听!”,能很好地连接上下文,故G项正确。2.E本句为细节句。本段指出早上锻炼有助于提高效率,让你更加清醒地处理这一天的事

情,E项意为“锻炼后的4到10个小时内,你可以保持清醒的头脑”。awake与E项中的keepyour

headclear意思一致。3.F本句为细节句。F项中的“continuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday(整整一天持续燃

烧卡路里)”与设空处后句中的“willbegettingthecalorieburningbenefitsforthewholeday

(整整一天都会受益于卡路里的燃烧)”意义一致,故F项正确。4.B本句为主旨句。本段指出,研究发现早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡眠更好,故B项符合

本段主旨,意为“你的睡眠质量会有所提高”。5.A本句为主旨句。阅读本段可知,早上锻炼,你会更有可能全天坚持健康饮食,因为你不想因为吃垃圾食品而毁掉锻炼的积极效果。A项符合本段主旨,意为“你会坚持你的饮食习

惯”。stickto为原词再现。高级语块

1.additionaladj.额外的;附加的 2.stickto坚持3.energizevt.给……添加能量;使充满活力长难句

Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoex-

ercisedintheevening.研究发现,早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡眠质量更好。本句中found后为that引导的宾语从句,在从句中people后为关系代词who引导的定语从句,

those后仍为who引导的定语从句。Passage3(2018课标全国Ⅲ)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Beforetherewasthewrittenword,therewasthelanguageofdance.Danceexpressesloveand

hate,joyandsorrow,lifeanddeath,andeverythingelseinbetween.1

WedancefromFloridatoAlaska,fromnorthtosouthandseatosea.Wedanceatwed-

dings,birthdays,officepartiesandjusttofillthetime.“Iadoredancing,”saysLesterBridges,theownerofadancestudioinIowa.“Ican'timagine

doinganythingelsewithmylife.”Bridgesrunsdanceclassesforallages.“Teachingdanceis

wonderful.2

It'sgreattowatchthem.Formanyofthem,it'sawayofmeetingpeopleand

havingasociallife.”3

“Icantellyouaboutoneyoungcouple,”saysBridges.“They'relearningtodotradi-

tionaldances.Theyarriveattheclassinlowspiritsandtheyleavewithasmile.4

”So,dowedanceinordertomakeourselvesfeelbetter,calmer,healthier?AndreaHilliersays,

“Dance,likethepatternofabeatingheart,islife.Evenafteralltheseyears,Iwanttogetbetter

andbetter.5

Ifindithardtostop!DancingremindsmeI'malive.”A.Sowhydowedance?B.DanceintheU.S.iseverywhere.C.Ifyoulikedancingoutdoors,cometoAmerica.D.Myolderstudentssayitmakesthemfeelyoung.E.IkeeppracticingevenwhenI'mextremelytired.F.Dancingseemstochangetheirfeelingcompletely.G.Theystayedupallnightlongsinginganddancing.答案

[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。在文中作者首先描述了跳舞在美国的受欢迎程度,接着描

述了自己一生为跳舞疯狂的生活。1.B本句为主旨句。空格位于段首。空格后描述跳舞在美国的流行程度:从佛罗里达州到阿

拉斯加州,从北到南到大海上。在婚礼上、在生日派对上、在办公室派对上人们都在跳舞。

由此可知到处都能看到美国人在跳舞,与B项吻合,所以答案为B项。2.D本句为过渡句。空格前作者用直接引语的方式描述了“教舞蹈简直太美妙了”。空格

后句子中出现的代词them指代的就是Bridges所教的学生。D项中的students和them相对应,所

以答案为D项。即我的那些年龄大的学生说舞蹈让他们感觉自己年轻。3.A本句为主旨句。空格位于段首。后面以一对年轻夫妻为例说明了跳舞给他们带来的好处。由此推断出本段是描述跳舞会给一个人的情绪带来巨大的影响,这就是人们喜欢跳舞的

原因。这与A项(那么,我们为什么要跳舞呢?)相符。4.F本句为细节句。空格前描述这对夫妻刚来到舞蹈班时情绪低落,当他们离开的时候脸上

露出了微笑。这都是舞蹈给他们的情绪带来的变化。这与F项(舞蹈好像彻底改变了他们的

情绪。)相符。5.E本句为过渡句。空格前描述这么多年来Hillier想跳得越来越好。空格后描述Hillier发现

自己就是停不下来,跳舞让Hillier知道自己还活着。作为前后过渡的空格处应该与Hillier一直

不停地跳舞相关,这与E项(即使当我非常累的时候我还在练习跳舞。)相符。Passage4(2018浙江)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Movingintoanewhomeinanewneighborhoodisanexcitingexperience.Ofcourse,youwantto

makesurethatyoubecomeanacceptedandvaluablepartofyournewneighborhood.Theeasiest

waytoaccomplishthisistomakesureyouconductyourselfasagoodneighborshould.

1

Perhapsoneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandoasagoodneighboristokeepyourproperty

(房产)neat,clean,andingoodrepair.2

Bychoosingtokeeptheoutsideofthehomeingreat

shape,youwillhelptoimprovethelookandfeelofthearea.Second,taketheoverallappearanceoftheneighborhoodseriously.Whengoingforawalk,takea-

longasmallgarbagebag.3

Thissmallactwillletyourneighborsknow