新教材2024版高中英语Unit9HumanBiologyPartDLesson3EpidemicsExplained学生用书北师大版选择性必修第三册

PartDLesson3EpidemicsExplained【学习目标】课时词汇常用短语典型句式variation,classify,rare,opposed,widespread,depressing,estimate,visible,bury,pose,trial,outbreak,actual,underline,thoroughgointodetail,getthrough,asaresultof,onrecord,upto1.with复合结构2．现在分词短语作结果状语3．现在分词完成式作状语4．aslongas只要，引导条件状语从句5．that引导同位语从句Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请依据所给英语单词和词性写出汉意或依据汉意和词性写出正确单词1．epidemicn.________________2．virusn.________________3．factorn.________________4．bacterian.________________5．baselinen.________________6．____________adj.广泛传播的，流传很广的7．____________n.联系，相像adj.平行的8．____________n.症状，征兆；症候9．____________vt.安葬，埋藏10．____________vt.强调，使突出；在……之下划线Ⅱ.依据下面所给单词，写出对应的派生词1．classn．种类，班级→____________vt.将……分类；把……归入一类→____________n．归类，分类，分级2．rareadj.稀有的，罕见的→____________adv.几乎不3．opposevt.反对，抗拒→____________adj.反对的→____________adj.相对的，另一边的prep.在……对面n．相反，相反的人或事物→__________n．[U]反对4．depressvt.使抑郁；使懊丧→____________adj.令人懊丧的，令人抑郁的；让人忧愁的→____________adj.感到懊丧的，抑郁的，消沉的→____________n．抑郁，抑郁症；大萧条5．visibleadj.看得见的→____________adj.看不见的6．steadyadj.平稳的，稳固的→____________adv.稳定地；稳固地7．tryvt.&n．试验，尝试→____________n．试验；审判，审理8．actualadj.真实的，实际的→____________adv.事实上；事实上9．systemn．系统；体系→____________adj.系统化的，有条理的10．globen．地球，世界；地球仪→____________adj.世界的，全球的[词语积累][1]epidemic/ˌepə'demɪk/n．传染病，流行病[2]infectiousadj.(疾病)传染性的[3]factor/'fæktə/n.因素，要素[4]virus/'vaɪərəs/n.病毒[5]bacteria/bæk'tɪəriə/n.细菌[6]officially/ə'fɪʃəli/adv.官方地，正式地[7]classify/'klæsɪfaɪ/vt.将……分类；把……归入一类beclassifiedas被归类为……[8]rare/reə/adj.稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的[9]baseline/'beɪslaɪn/n.(医学或科学中的)基线，准线[10]opposed/ə'pəʊzd/adj.与某事物相反；反对某事物，不赞成某事物asopposedto与……截然相反；而，相对于[11]widespread/'waɪdspred/adj.分布广的，广泛流传的[12]classification/ˌklæsɪfɪ'keɪʃən/n．归类，分类，分级[13]parallel/'pærəlel/n.(不同地点或不同时间的两事物之间的)联系，相像adj.平行的drawparallelsbetween...and...将……和……同日而语[14]depressing/dɪ'presɪŋ/adj.令人懊丧的，让人忧愁的depressedadj.懊丧的；萧条的[15]sample/'sɑːmpəl/n.样本，样品vt.品尝，尝试；对……做抽样调查[16]onrecord记录在案的；公开发表的[17]CE/ˌsiː'iː/公元(用于日期后)[18]estimate/'estəmət/n.估计，估算/'estɪmeɪt/vt.估计，估算[19]upto始终到；相当于；多达；由……确定[20]visible/'vɪzəbəl/adj.看得见的invisibleadj.无形的，看不见的[21]symptom/'sɪmptəm/n.症状；征兆，症候[22]strikevt.打，击，撞；(灾难、疾病)爆发(过去式struck；过去分词struck或stricken)n．罢工；打击[23]getthrough通过；到达；完成；接通电话；渡过(难关)，熬过(困难时期等)[24]bury/'beri/vt.安葬，安葬；埋藏[25]asaresultof由于；作为……的结果[26]thaneverbefore比以往任何时候更……[27]initiallyadv.最初，起初；起先[28]pose/pəʊz/vt.造成，引起，产生(问题、紧急、困难等)；n.(为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿态，姿态poseathreat构成威逼；形成一种威逼[29]lung/lʌŋ/n.肺[30]goup增长；上升；被兴建[31]steadily/'stedəli/adv.稳定地[32]inthecourseof在……过程中；在……期间[33]outbreak/'aʊtbreɪk/n.(斗争或疾病)爆发，突然发生[34]trial/'traɪəl/n.试验；审判，审理[35]resultin导致，结果是[36]anumberof若干，一些；很多[37]actual/'æktʃuəl/adj.实际的，真实的[38]thenumberof……的数量[39]underline/ˌʌndə'laɪn/vt.强调，使突出；在……之下划线[40]thorough/'θʌrə/adj.彻底的，全面的，详尽的[41]systematic/ˌsɪstə'mætɪk/adj.系统化的，有条理的[42]comeupwith提出；想出；赶上[43]globe/gləʊb/n.地球，世界；地球仪globaladj.全球的；整体的；全面的Anepidemic[1]isthenamegiventoaninfectious[2]diseasethatrapidlyspreadstoalargenumberofpeoplewithinashortperiodoftime—usuallytwoweeksorless【1】.EpidemicshavebeenhappeningforaslongastherehavebeenpeoplelivingonEarth.Theycanbecausedbyseveraldifferentfactors[3]，suchasavirus[4]beingcarriedintoanarea,orchangesinthewaypeoplelive,likemorepeoplelivinginanarea,whichincreasesthechancesofthemcomingintocontactwithavirusorbacteria[5]【2】．【1】此句为主从复合句，其中Anepidemicisthename为句子主干，giventoaninfectiousdisease为过去分词短语作后置定语，that引导定语从句修饰先行词aninfectiousdisease。【2】此句为主从复合句，Theycanbecausedbyseveraldifferentfactors为句子主干；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代morepeoplelivinginanarea。Eachdiseasecanonlyofficially[6]beclassified[7]asanepidemiconceacertainnumberofdeathshaveoccurredfromthedisease【3】.Thenumberofdeathsisdifferentforeverydisease.Soaveryrare[8]diseasewillhavealowbaseline[9]andjustafewcasesofitinoneplacewillbeclassifiedasanepidemic;asopposed[10]tomorecommondiseases,suchastheflu,thathaveahigherbaseline.Thecommoncoldisawidespread[11]virusthataffectsmillionsofpeople,butitisnotseenasbeingaseriousenoughconditiontodeservetheclassification[12]ofepidemic【4】．【3】此句为主从复合句，其中once引导时间状语从句。【4】此句为连词but连接的并列句，其中第一个分句中含有that引导的定语从句。Withrecentpressreportsdrawingparallels[13]betweenbirdfluandkillerepidemicsofthepast,JimSmithlooksatthesometimesdepressing[14]historyofepidemicsforcluesabouthowwecancreateamorepositivefuturewithoutepidemics【5】．【5】此句为主从复合句，其中JimSmithlooksatthesometimesdepressinghistoryofepidemicsforclues为句子主干；Withrecentpressreportsdrawingparallelsbetweenbirdfluandkillerepidemicsofthepast为with复合结构作状语，about后跟how引导的宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。Sincebirdflufirstappearedin1997,ithastakenmorethanahundredlives.Manypeoplefearitcouldbethenextglobalepidemic,especiallyasscientistswhohavegoneintodetailstudyingtissuesamples[15]fromthebodiesofpeoplewhodiedofthe1918SpanishFluhaveprovedthatbirdfluisamodernadaptationofthatvirus【6】．【6】此句为主从复合句，其中Manypeoplefear为句子主干；itcouldbethenextglobalepidemic为fear的宾语；as引导时间状语从句，其中scientistshaveproved为句子主干，除含有两个都由who引导的定语从句，先行词分别为scientists和people外，proved后还有一个宾语从句。Oneoftheearliestepidemicsonrecord[16]happenedbetweenabout500and550CE[17].Scientistsnowestimate[18]thatupto[19]50%ofthearea'spopulationdiedfromtheepidemic,makingitoneofthemaincausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpire【7】.Then,inthe1330s,thisepidemicreturned,thistimeinAsia.ItspreadrapidlytoEuropeandbecameknownas“TheBlackDeath”becauseonevisible[20]symptom[21]wasblackspotsonthebody.【7】此句为主从复合句，其中that引导宾语从句，makingitoneofthemaincausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpire为现在分词短语作结果状语，表示一种自然而然的结果。Centurieslater,theGreatFluEpidemicof1918,alsocalledtheSpanishFlu,struck[22]neartheendofWorldWarⅠ.Familieswhohadonlyjustgotthrough[23]thewarnowhadtobury[24]theirlovedoneswhohaddiedofthedisease【8】．Asaresultof[25]thewar,morepeopleweretravellingandmovingperhapsthaneverbefore[26]inhistoryandthiscausedtheepidemictospreadworldwide.Havingkilledupto50millionpeoplein18months,theSpanishFluisbelievedtohavebeenthemostsevereepidemicinhistory【9】.Morepeoplediedofthefluthandiedinthewar.Initially[27],manypeoplebelievedthatsuchepidemicsnolongerposed[28]athreatuntilveryrecentlywhenSARSbecameacauseforconcern【10】．【8】此句为主从复合句，其中句子主干为Familieshadtoburytheirlovedones；另外含有两个定语从句，都由关系代词who引导，先行词分别为Families和lovedones。【9】此句为简洁句，其中Havingkilledupto50millionpeoplein18months为现在分词的完成式作状语，句中tohavebeen表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，意思是“已经成为”。【10】此句为主从复合句，其中that引导宾语从句，when引导时间状语从句。TheSARSepidemicbeganin2002withacaseoflung[29]diseaseinGuangdongProvince.ItspreadtoCanada,VietnamandSingaporeandlasteduntil2003.SARSwasexaminedbyscientists,whowereconfusedbythisnewdiseaseandwantedtolearnmoreaboutitanditscauses【11】.Infectionrateswentup[30]steadily[31],andinthecourseof[32]theoutbreak[33],about8，000peoplewereinfectedoverninemonths.SincetheendoftheSARSepidemic,scientistshavebeendoingtrials[34]ontreatmentstopreventanyfutureoutbreaks【12】．【11】此句为主从复合句，其中who引导非限制性定语从句。【12】此句为简洁句，havebeendoing为现在完成进行时，表示该动作在过去就已经发生，持续到现在，可能还会持续下去。Then,from2013to2016,therewasthemostwidespreadoutbreakoftheEbolaVirusDisease(EVD)inWestAfrica,whichresultedin[35]amajorlossoflifeinanumberof[36]westAfricancountries【13】.11，310deathswereofficiallyrecorded,buttheactual[37]numberof[38]deathsisprobablymuchhigher.Theviruswasextremelyinfectiousandthesurvivalratewasaslowas30%insomeareas,indicatingthatveryfewpeoplegotoverit.【13】此句为主从复合句，其中which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容。Despite,orperhapsbecauseof,theepidemicstheworldhasfacedinrecentyears,governmentsworldwidehaveunderlined[39]thefactthattheywantthorough[40]andsystematic[41]medicalresearchonepidemicstogetatthecausesandcomeupwith[42]curesassoonaspossible【14】.Countrieswillneedtoworktogethertodothisbecauseteamworkamongnationsacrosstheglobe[43]cansavelives【15】．【14】此句为主从复合句，Despite，orperhapsbecauseof，theepidemicstheworldhasfacedinrecentyears为介词短语作状语，其中包含定语从句theworldhasfacedinrecentyears；主句为governmentsworldwidehaveunderlinedthefact，后跟that引导的同位语从句，其中动词不定式短语togetatthecausesandcomeupwithcuresassoonaspossible作目的状语。【15】此句为主从复合句，其中because引导缘由状语从句。流行病(epidemic)是指在短时间内(通常两周或更短)快速在大量人群中传播的传染性疾病。自地球上有人类生活以来，流行病就始终存在。它们会由不同因素(factor)引起，例如病毒(virus)被带入某个地区，或者由于人们生活方式的变更，比如说某一地区居住的人群增多，从而增加了接触病毒或细菌(bacteria)的几率。只有致死病例达到确定数量，某种疾病才会被正式(officially)定性(classify)为流行病。每种疾病的死亡数量各不相同。罕见(rare)疾病的基线(baseline)很低，即使某一地区只出现少数病例，也会被认定为流行病；与此相反(opposed)，常见疾病的基线较高，如流感。一般感冒由一种广泛传播的(widespread)病毒引起，可感染数百万人，但它并没严峻到可以被称为(classification)流行病。最近有新闻报道，吉姆·史密斯将禽流感和过去致命的流行病做对比(parallel)，在屡屡令人感到懊丧的(depressing)流行病史中找寻线索，从而创建一个远离流行病的奇异将来。禽流感自1997年首次出现以来，已经夺去了一百多人的生命。尤其是当科学家们细致探讨了1918年西班牙流感死亡者尸体的组织样本(sample)，证明禽流感是该病毒的现代变异版本，很多人担忧它可能会引起下一场全球流行病。人类有记载的最早的流行病，大约发生在公元(CE)500年至550年之间。现今科学家们估计(estimate)发病区域多达50%的人口死于这一流行病，成为罗马帝国衰落的一个主要缘由。接着，14世纪30年头，这一流行病卷土重来，这次发生在亚洲，并快速传播到欧洲。由于患者身上会出现明显的(visible)黑斑症状(symptom)，这种流行病被称为“黑死病”。几个世纪后，第一次世界大战快结束时爆发了1918年大流感，又称西班牙流感。刚刚熬过斗争的人们现在不得担忧葬(bury)他们死于疾病的亲人。斗争引发的人口流淌前所未有，从而导致这一流行病扩散到全世界。西班牙流感在18个月内造成5000万人死亡，成为历史上最严峻的流行病。死于该病的人比死于斗争的人还要多。最初，人们以为这种大规模流行病不会再对人类构成(pose)威逼，直至非典出现，再次让全球陷入担忧。非典疫情始于2002年广东省的一例肺部(lung)疾病，后扩散到加拿大、越南和新加坡，并始终持续到2003年。科学家对这种新型疾病感到困惑，对SARS病毒进行检测，以期了解该病与致病缘由的更多信息。非典的感染率不断(steadily)上升，在爆发(outbreak)期九个月内感染了约8000人。非典疫情结束后，科学家们始终在试验(trial)各种治疗手段，以防止将来疫情再爆发。随后，2013年到2016年间，西非爆发了大规模传染病——埃博拉出血热(EVD)，夺去了这一地区多个国家的很多人的生命。官方统计的死亡人数为11310人，而实际(actual)死亡人数可能要更高。该病毒传染性极强，一些地区的存活率低至30%，也就是说很少有人能康复。尽管(或者是因为)近年来全球爆发了流行病，世界各国政府都已经强调(underline)，要对流行病进行彻底(thorough)和系统(systematic)的医学探讨，以便尽快找出缘由并找到治疗方法。这须要各个国家的共同努力，因为全球(globe)各国之间的团队合作才能挽救生命。Ⅰ.课文结构图示Ⅱ.课文预习自测1．Whatisanepidemic?A．Itisaninfectiousdisease.B．Itisadiseasethatspreadsrapidly.C.Itisadiseasethatkillsagreatnumberofpeople.D.Itisaninfectiousdiseasethatspreadsrapidly.2．Whichofthefollowingstatementsisrightaboutanepidemic?A．Adiseasewhichcausesdeathscanbeclassifiedasanepidemic.B．Adiseasewhichspreadsrapidlycanbeclassifiedasanepidemic.C．EpidemicshavebeenhappeningforaslongastherehavebeenpeoplelivingonEarth.D．Epidemicscanonlybecausedbyavirusorbacteria.3．Whichofthesediseasescanbeclassifiedasanepidemic?A．Commoncold. B．SARS.C．Cancer. D．Cough.4．WhydidtheSpanishFluspreadworldwiderapidly?A．TheWorldWarⅠspeededit.B．Peopleignoreditatfirst.C．ItstruckbeforeWorldWarⅠ.D．Themedicalconditionwaspoor.5．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Entertainment. B．Health.C．Education. D．Science.Ⅲ.课文语法填空Anepidemicisaninfectiousdiseasethat1.________(rapid)spreadstoalargenumberofpeoplewithinashortperiodoftime.Epidemicscanbecausedbyseveraldifferent2.________(factor),suchasavirusorbacteria.Oneoftheearliest3.________(record)epidemicshappenedbetweenabout500and550CE.Itkilledcloseto50%ofthepopulation,4.________(make)itoneofthereasonsofthefalloftheRomanEmpire.In5.________1330s,theepidemicknownas“TheBlackDeath”returnedinAsiaandspreadtoEurope.Centurieslaterin1918,theSpanishFlu6.________(strike).In2002,SARSbegan7.________acaseoflungdiseaseinChina.ItspreadtoCanada,VietnamandSingaporeandlasteduntil2003.TheninWestAfricabetween2013and2016,therewasthemostwidespreadoutbreakoftheEbolaVirusDisease(EVD),8.________killedover11，000people.Governmentsworldwidehaveunderlinedthefactthattheyneed9.________(far)medicalresearchonepidemics10.________(get)atthecausesandcomeupwithcuresassoonaspossible.►第一版块：核心单词1．variationn．变更物，变体；差异，变动varyv．变更；相异；变更(教材P58)Anewepidemiccanbeadifferentvariationofavirusthatpeoplecaughtinthepast.一种新的流行病可能是过去人们感染的病毒的不同变种。varyfrom...to...从……到……变更varybetween...and...从……到……不等varyin在……方面不同varywith...随……而变更varyfromplacetoplace各地不同varyfrompersontoperson因人而异varywiththeseasons随季节而变更varyincolourandsize色调和大小各异❶Thedialrecordsveryslightvariationsinpressure.该刻度盘能显示很微小的压力变更。❷WhitebreadisreallyjustavariationofFrenchbread.白面包其实只是法式面包的一种变更物。❸Thereisagreatdealofvariationamongtheresponses.反应各不相同。❹Weddingtraditionsandcustomsvaryfromonecountrytoanother.不同国家的婚礼传统和习俗不同。❺Buttheimportanceofnaturalfactorsandartificialfactorsvaryinplaces.但自然因素和人为因素的重要性因地而异。[词语积累]varyv．变更；相异varietyn．种类；多样性variousadj.各种各样的avarietyof＝varietiesof(＝various)各种各样的forvariousreasons出于种种缘由invarioussizes大小不一invariousways以各种各样的方式variousfactors各种因素[词语积累]avarietyof＝varietiesof＝various种类繁多的agreat/wide/largevarietyof各种各样的avarietyofactivities/reasons各种各样的活动/理由[即学即练]完成句子①Ourcustoms________________________________(各地不同).②有各种各样的果树和动物。Therearedifferentkindsoffruittreesaswellas________________________animals.单句语法填空③Peoplevary________preferenceforcolour.④There'snodoubtthatcustomsvary________thetimes.⑤Takeiteasy!Jacketsareavailablein________(vary)colours.⑥Disneyland,afantasyamusementpark,whichoffersa________(vary)ofattractionsfortourists,bringsyouintoamagicalworld.⑦Thissoupisaspicy________(vary)onatraditionalfavourite.⑧Thisdelicious________(vary)onchocolateflakesisquickandeasytoprepare.2.classifyvt.将……分类；把……归入一类(教材P58)Eachdiseasecanonlyofficiallybeclassifiedasanepidemic...……某种疾病才会被正式定性为流行病。classify...as...把……归类为……classify...accordingto...依据……把……分类o...把……分成……beclassifiedby/accordingto依据……分类beclassifiedinto被分成……beclassifiedas被划分为……classificationmethod分类方法classificationsystem分类系统；分类制度❶Inlaw,beerisclassifiedasafoodproduct.在法律上，啤酒归为食品一类。❷We'dclassifyDrabble'snovelsunder“Romance”．我们把德拉布尔的小说归在“爱情小说”一类里。❸Allemployeesareclassifiedaccordingtocompetence.全部员工是依据实力分类的。❹Thesefilesareclassifiedintothreecategoriesaccordingtothecontents.依据内容，这些文件被分为三种类型。❺Onlyelevenoftheseaccidentswereclassifiedasmajor.这些事故中只有十一例被判定为重大事故。[词语积累]classificationn．分类；类别，等级[学法点拨]-ify/-fy为动词后缀，表示“……化”“使得，变成”。simple→simplifyvt.简化pure→purifyvt.净化beautiful→beautifyvt.美化identity→identifyvt.认出，识别[即学即练]单句语法填空①Itisrequiredthatthebooksinthelibraryshouldbe________(classify)bydifferenttopics.②Fromtheclassicalclass,thestudentwithglassesknowsthe________(classify)ofclassics.③Itmeanswehavenotallowedourselves________(classify)asobjects.④Theapplicationformhasnowbeen________(simple).完成句子⑤Meninthepostoffice________________(依据……将邮件分类)placesitistogo.⑥Weusually________typesofcharacters________(把……划分为)goodandbad.3.rareadj.稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的(教材P58)Soaveryrarediseasewillhavealowbaseline...罕见疾病的基线很低……ararebook/coin/stamp宝贵的书/硬币/邮票ararebreed/plant珍稀物种/植物Itisrarefortheseamantolivesuchaneasylifeonland.海员在陆地上过着如此安逸的生活是很少见的。[学法点拨]rare的副词形式为rarely，更多的状况下表示“很少，几乎没有”，为接近否定意义的词，置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。RarelycanIhavetimetoglancethenewspaperintheoffice.我在办公室里很少有时间阅读报纸。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Itisrare________(find)suchloyaltythesedays.②Itwas________rarehonourtobemadeafellowofthecollege.③Thescientistabsorbedhimselfinstudiesand________(rare)caredaboutclothesandfood.4.opposedadj.与某事物相反的；反对某事物的，不赞成某事物的opposev．反对(教材P58)．..asopposedtomorecommondiseases,suchastheflu，thathaveahigherbaseline.……与此相反，常见疾病的基线较高，如流感。beopposedto(doing)sth.反对(做)某事asopposedto与……截然相反；而，相对于theopposingteam对方球队aplayerfromtheopposingside 一名对方的运动员splitintotwoopposingcamps 分裂成两个对立的阵营opposingviews 对立的观点beoppositeto 与……相反intheoppositedirection 向相反的方向havetheoppositeeffect 起反作用theoppositeof...……的对立物exactly/justtheopposite恰恰相反liveopposite 住在对面sitopposite 坐在对面inoppositiontosb./sth.猛烈反对/抵制某人/某事物❶Thisexercisedevelopssupplenessasopposedto(＝ratherthan)strength.这项熬炼不是增加力气，而是增加柔韧性的。❷Icameupwithaproposal,andnobodywasopposedtoit.我提出了一项建议，没有人反对。❸Ourviewsarediametricallyopposedonthisissue.在这个问题上，我们的观点大相径庭。[归纳拓展]①反对(做)某事beopposedto(doing)sth. objectto(doing)sth.oppose(doing)sth. beagainst(doing)sth.②同意(做)某事subscribeto(doing)sth. beforsth.agreeto(do)sth. beinfavourofsth.Hewasopposed/objectedtotakingtheriskoftryingoutthenewmethod.他反对冒险试验这个新方法。Ihaveneversubscribedtotheviewthatfemalesarenotfitforthiskindofjob.我始终不赞同女性不适合这种工作的观点。[词语积累]opposingadj.对立的oppositeprep.在……对面adj.对面的；相反的adv.在对面n．相反的人(或物)；对立物oppositionn．反对，抗拒[即学即练]单句语法填空①Manylocalpeopleopposed________(build)thenewairport.②Themajorityofmemberswereopposed________myproposal,whichupsetmegreatly.③Wearestrongly________(oppose)toracialprejudice.④Thereare200peoplewhoattended,asopposed________300thepreviousyear.⑤Totellthetruth,Iamstronglyopposedto________(clone)anykindofanimalsnomatterwhatcircumstances.同义句转换⑥Iwasagainsttheunfairjudgement.＝________________________________________________________________________＝________________________________________________________________________＝________________________________________________________________________5.widespreadadj.分布广的，广泛流传的；普遍的，广泛的(教材P58)Thecommoncoldisawidespreadvirusthataffectsmillionsofpeople...一般感冒由一种广泛传播的病毒引起，可感染数百万人……thewidespreaduseofchemicalsinagriculture化学品在农业中的广泛运用awidespreadhobby一种广泛的爱好deepandwidespreadconcern深切而广泛的关注widespreadsupport普遍支持widespreaddamage大面积的损坏❶Widespreadfloodsstrucklargeareasofthevillage.泛滥的洪水侵袭了这个村庄的大片区域。❷Thegovernmentactedquicklytorelievethewidespreaddistresscausedbytheearthquake.地震造成大范围的灾难，政府快速实行行动赈济灾民。[经典例句]Thereiswidespreadsupportforthenewproposals.新提议获得了广泛的支持。Foodshortagesarewidespread．食物短缺的状况很普遍。[即学即练]完成句子①Thehighcostprohibitsthe________________(广泛应用)ofthedrug.②Theplanreceived______________(普遍支持)throughoutthecountry.③Thenewlawsgained________________(普遍认同).④Thisdiseasehas________________(广泛的影响)insomeareas.6.depressingadj.令人懊丧的，让人忧愁的(教材P58)．..JimSmithlooksatthesometimesdepressinghistoryofepidemicsforclues...……吉姆·史密斯在屡屡令人感到懊丧的流行病史中找寻线索……bedepressedabout对……感到懊丧theGreatDepression大萧条adepressingsight/thought令人懊丧的景象/想法❶Theapplicanthasbeendepressedthesedaysforhewasrejectedmorethanonce.这名申请者这几天始终很懊丧，因为他已多次被拒绝。❷Hungerandcoldcanmakepeoplefeeldepressedandloseconfidence.饥饿和寒冷能让人感到懊丧，失去信念。❸Heisdepressedbecausehehasn'tbuiltuphisowncompanyuptonow.他很懊丧，因为他至今还没有成立自己的公司。[词语积累]depressvt.使懊丧；使萧条depressedadj.懊丧的；萧条的depressionn．懊丧；不景气[温馨提示]跟其他-ed和-ing形式的形容词一样，depressed修饰人的声音、表情、感受等，而depressing则修饰物。[相关链接]常见的v.-ing和v.-ed形容词：eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(amazing令人惊异的,amazed感到惊异的))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(boring令人厌烦的,bored无聊的))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(embarrassing令人尴尬的,embarrassed尴尬的))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(disappointing令人悲观的,disappointed感到悲观的))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(encouraging令人鼓舞的,encouraged感到鼓舞的))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(exciting令人激烈的,excited感到激烈的))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(delighting令人兴奋的,delighted感到兴奋的))[即学即练]单句语法填空①Hearingthe________news,hefeltvery________.(depress)②Hewentintoadeep________(depress)afterhefailedtocomforthisfriend.③Hewasnotsatisfiedwiththesummercampbecausethewholeexperiencewas________(depress).④ItstruckmethatIshouldn'thavebeenso________(depress)forsuchanunimportantthing.⑤Icantellatfirstsightthatheismorethanalittle________(depress)bythefailure.7.estimatevt.估计，估算estimationn．估计(教材P59)Scientistsnowestimatethatupto50%ofthearea'spopulationdiedfromtheepidemic...现今科学家估计，发病区域多达50%的人口死于这一流行病……(1)n.估计，计算aroughestimate(＝notanexactcalculation)粗略估算aballparkestimate(＝anapproximateestimate)大致相近的估计❶Icangiveyouaroughestimateoftheamountofwoodyouwillneed.我可以粗略估计一下你所须要的木材量。❷officialgovernmentestimatesoftrafficgrowthoverthenextdecade政府对今后十年交通增长的正式估计(2)vt.估计，计算underestimatev．低估Itisestimatedthat...据估计……beestimatedtobeworth...估计价值……❸Itisestimatedthattheprojectwilllasttenyears.据估计，这项工程将用时10年。❹Policeestimatethecrowdat30，000.警方估计聚集的人有3万。❺Thedealisestimatedtobewortharound$1.5million.这笔交易估计价值150万美元左右。❻Evidently,overweightpeoplemayunderestimatethevolumeoffoodthattheyconsume.明显，超重的人可能低估自己摄入食物的量。[归纳拓展]Itissaidthat... 据说……Itisreportedthat... 据报道……Itisannouncedthat... 据宣布……Itishopedthat... 人们希望……Itisbelievedthat... 人们信任……Itissuggestedthat... 有人建议……Itisconsideredthat... 有人认为……Itisreportedthatthebuscontaining20passengerscrashedintotheriverduetothedriver'scarelessness.据报道，由于司机的马虎，一辆载有20名乘客的公共汽车坠入河中。[学法点拨]以上结构都可以改成“主语＋be＋过去分词＋todo”结构。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Itishard________(estimate)howmanychildrensufferfromdyslexia(诵读困难).②It________(estimate)thathalfoftheparticipantswillbeopposedtotheplan.③Thesalesfigureofthismonthisestimated________(rise)by15%.④It________(say)thatcommunicatingmorewithyourchildrencanpreventthemfromdepression.⑤Theconstructionwork________(estimate)tocompletebytheendofnextmonth.同义句转换⑥Itisestimated(that)theprojectwilllastfouryears.→________________________________________________________________________→________________________________________________________________________⑦ItissaidthatthenewChinesepandacoinismadeupof99.9%gold.→________________________________________________________________________→________________________________________________________________________8.visibleadj.看得见的(教材P59)．..becauseonevisiblesymptomwasblackspotsonthebody.由于患者身上会出现明显的黑斑症状……Thehouseisclearlyvisiblefromthebeach.从海滩可以清晰地看到那所房子。[词语积累]invisibleadj.无形的，看不见的visiblyadv.明显地；易察觉地Thepasswordshouldbeinvisibletous.密码对我们来说应当是不行见的。Walkthewalk,anddoitvisibly,sootherscanseewhatyou'redoing.走自己的路，正大光明，所以别人才能够看到你正在做的。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Icaughtaglimpseofherinthecrowdbutsoonshewas________(visible).②Hewasvery________(visible)upsettohearofsomeofthethingsthatweretoldintheRyanReportandhowthechildrenhadsuffered.③Therearemanystarsinvisible________thenakedeye.完成句子④Heshowed________________(不露声色).9.buryvt.安葬，安葬；埋藏(教材P59)Familieswhohadonlyjustgotthroughthewarnowhadtoburytheirlovedones...刚刚熬过斗争的人们现在不得担忧葬他们的亲人……buryone'sface/headinsth.把脸/头埋在某物里面beburiedin/buryoneselfin埋头于，用心于❶Shesatthere,buriedinthought.她坐在那儿，陷入了深思。❷Sheburiedherfaceinherhandsandbegantocry.她双手掩面起先哭泣。❸HehasburiedhimselfinrecitingEnglishwordssincethewintervacationbegan.＝HehasbeenburiedinrecitingEnglishwordssincethewintervacationbegan.寒假一起先，他就埋头于背英语单词。[学法点拨]eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(beabsorbedin,bedevotedto,belostinfocus,concentrateon))用心于[经典例句]Thegirlwassittingonaparkbench,buryingherselfin/buriedin/absorbedinherbook.女孩坐在公园的长椅上，用心致志地看书。Buryingherselfinthefilm,shedidn'tknowitwassnowingoutside.她埋头看电影，不知道外面在下雪。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Theoldphotos________(bury)atthebottomofthesuitcaseremindedmeofthosehappyolddays.同义句转换②________(bury)inthefiction,theboyhasforgottenallaroundhim.→________(bury)himselfinthefiction,theboyhasforgottenallaroundhim.完成句子③____________________(埋头于)thefarmwork,Tomdidn'tnoticetheeruptionoccur.④Aftertheargument,she________________(用心于)herstudy.10.posevt.造成，引起，产生(问题、紧急、困难等)n．(为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿态，姿态(教材P59)．..suchepidemicsnolongerposedathreat...……这种大规模流行病不会再对人类构成威逼……poseathreat/challenge/danger/risk构成威逼/挑战/紧急/风险poseassb.佯装/冒充/假扮某人poseathreattosb./sth.对……构成威逼❶Theyposeaseriousthreattosecurity.他们对平安构成严峻威逼。❷Thephotographeraskedhertorearrangeherselfinanotherpose.摄影师要她重新摆一个姿态。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Themanposedhimself________aspecialisttocheatthefarmertobuyhisproducts.②Thefellowenteredthebuilding________(pose)asaworkman.完成句子③Radiowavesthatmobilephonesemitmaynot________________(对……构成威逼)health.11.trialn．试验；审判，审理(教材P59)．..scientistshavebeendoingtrialsontreatmentstopreventanyfutureoutbreaks.……科学家们始终在试验各种治疗手段，以防止将来疫情再爆发。beontrial在试验中；在受审中trialanderror反复试验Thenewdrugisundergoingclinicaltrials.这种新药正在进行临床试验。[归纳拓展]standtrial/goontrial受到审判bringtotrial送交法院审判cometotrial开庭审理[即学即练]单句语法填空①He's________trialformurder.完成句子②Theydidn'tknowhowtoputinacentralheatingsystem,buttheymanageditby________________(反复试验).③Shewill________________(受到审判)forfraud.④Themanwhohurtthewhaleonpurposewill________________(送交法院审判).12.outbreakn．(斗争或疾病)爆发，突然发生(教材P59)．..scientistshavebeendoingtrialsontreatmentstopreventanyfutureoutbreaks.……科学家们始终在试验各种治疗手段，以防止将来疫情再爆发。theoutbreakofflood洪水爆发theoutbreakoftyphoid伤寒爆发theoutbreakofepidemic流行病的爆发theoutbreakofwar斗争的爆发❶Thecholeraoutbreakhasbeencontained.霍乱的爆发已被遏制住。❷Theareawasstruckbytheoutbreakofepidemic.这一地区突然发生了流行病。[归纳拓展]v.＋adv.→n.(由动词短语转化而来的合成名词)breakdown出故障→breakdownn．故障Alwayscarryyourtoolboxincaseyouhaveabreakdownonthemotorway.随身携带工具箱，以防汽车在高速马路上抛锚。[即学即练]选词填空(outcome/breakthrough/breakdown)①ThecauseofAIDSismadeclear,whichwillhelptomakeagreat________inthetreatmentofthedeadlydisease.②Havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebest________wouldbeforyourwell-being.③Itdoesn'tcomeasashocktolearnthatthefuelandcoolingsystemsarethemostcommoncausesof________．13.actualadj.实际的，真实的(教材P59)．..buttheactualnumberofdeathsisprobablymuchhigher.……而实际死亡人数可能要更高。actualbuyingpower实际购买力actualcashvalue实际现金价值actualline实线actualshares(股票)实股actualsituation当前状况/实际状况actualexperience实际阅历inactualfact事实上，事实上❶Theactualcostoftheconstructionwashigherthanweexpected.实际建立成本比我们预料的要高。❷Inactualfact,theinformationisprocessedinarandomorder.事实上，信息是按随机依次处理的。[归纳拓展]actuallyadv.事实上，说实在的；事实上actually＝in(actual)fact＝asamatteroffact＝inreality,ineffect事实上，事实上Thepresentsituationisactuallymorethanalittledepressing.＝Actually/Infact/Inactualfact/Asamatteroffact,thepresentsituationismore