中考英语语法复习动名词的用法知识讲解

中考英语语法复习动名词的用法知识讲解一、动名词作主语ReadingFrenchbooksiseasierthanspeakingit.Walkingismysoleexercise.Talkingmendsnoholes.（谚）空谈无济于事。Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。注：1)动名词作主语时用it作形式主语，把动名词放到句子后面。常见句型:①It'+adj(useless,hopeless,nice,good,interesting,expensive,worthwhile)+doingsth．②It's+adj(nouse,nogood,fun,agreatpleasure,awonder,awasteoftime)+doingsth.【例】Itisuselessspeaking.光说没用。It’shopelessarguingaboutit.争辩这事没有用。Itisniceseeingyouagain．Itisgoodplayingchessaftersupper．Itisexpensiverunningthiscar．开这种小车是浪费。Isitworthwhilequarrelingwithher?Itwasawasteoftimereadingthatbook.看那本书是浪费时间。2)“Thereis+no”后可以用动名词作主语，表示“没法…”：Therewasnoknowingwhathecoulddo.没法知道他能做什么。二、动名词作表语Herjobiswashingandcooking.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.Seeingisbelieving.（谚）眼见为实。三、动名词作宾语1）可加动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语acknowledge承认，自认admit承认avoid避免appreciate感激，欣赏advocate提倡，主张bear忍受complete完成can'thelp不禁can'tstand受不了consider考虑deny否认delay延迟dislike不喜欢，讨厌excuse借口enjoy享有，喜爱envy嫉妒escape逃跑，逃避fancy幻想，爱好finish完成，结束forgive原谅hate讨厌厌恶imagine设想involve卷入，包含keep保持mind介意mention说到，讲到miss错过permit允许pardon原谅，饶恕prevent阻止practise实行，实践quit放弃停止resist抵抗，阻止recall回想risk冒险save营救，储蓄stand坚持，忍受，suggest建议【例】Isuggestedbringingthemeetingtoanend.Headmittedtakingthemoney.Fancymeetingyou!Toraisewagesmeansincreasingpurchasingpower.Hedidntrecallsayingit.Henevercanresistmakingajoke.Thegardenneeds/wants/requireswatering.花园需要被浇水2)有些动词可以用动名词作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾语，（1）两者意思不同Iremembertellingyouaboutit.Remembertotellhimaboutit.I’llneverforgethearingChaliapinsinginginthatopera.Heforgottobringhisumbrella.We’vealwaysregrettedsellingthefarm。Iregrettotellyouthatmyfatherisill.我遗憾的告诉你我父亲病了。Trydoingmoreexercises;you’llsoonloseweight.I’lltrytoimprove.我将设法改进。Shecouldn’thelpfeelingdepressed.Allthishelped(to)raisefarmyields.这一切帮助提高了农业产量。Yourhairwantscutting.你的头发需要理了。Somebodywantstoseeyou.有人想见你。Thepantsneedpressing.这条裤子需要熨烫。Idon’tthinkyouneedtoworryaboutit.Hestoppedtotalktous.他停下来和我们说话。Hestoppedtalkingtous.他停止和我们交谈。Goontodo继续做不同的事goondoing续做相同的事meantodo打算做某事meandoing意味着做某事（2）有一些区别，在like,love,prefer,hate,dread等动词后，动名词多表示习惯或经常的情况，不定式多表示即将发生或具体一次的事：Oh,Ipreferbeingalone.Wepreferredtowalkthere.Shedreadsseeingthem.Idreadtothinkwhatmayhappen.有时两者可以换用，意思上没有差别：Hehatedthinking(tothink)aboutit.Sheloveshaving(tohave)lotsofyoungmenroundher.(3)在begin，Start，intend，continue后跟动名词或不定式都可以。Ithasstartedraining(torain).开始下雨了。Thebandbeganplaying(toplay).乐队开始演奏。Heintendedcoming(tocome)backsoon.他打算不久就回来。Shecontinuedworking(towork)asifnothinghadhappened.区别：在begin，Start，不定式多表示情况发生变化,而动名词表示有意识地开始或停止.Suddenlyitstartedtorain.天突然下起雨来。Philipbegantocry.菲利普哭了起来。Webeganmakingpreparitionsforthetrip.我们开始作旅行的准备。注意:在以-ing结尾的动词后不宜再用动名词，以避免-ing的重复：Hewasbeginningtomissher.他开始惦记她。It’sstartingtorain.天开始下起雨来。3)、作动介词短语的宾语beusedto习惯于beaccustomedto习惯于beequalto胜任begivento沉溺于beopposedto反对berelatedto与……有关devoteoneselfto/bedevotedto献身于giveriseto引起getdownto着手leadto导致lookforwardto期望objectto反对payattentionto注意putone'smindto全神贯注于stickto坚持withaviewto准备bekeenon急着bequitecapableof很有可能befedupwith烦besickof烦accusehimof指责chargethemwith指控forfearof不敢suspectehimof怀疑setabout着手consistin在于How/whatabout【例】Hehasgivenupplayingfootball.Theywillputoffdoingituntilnextyear.Eventhenshecarriedontalking.Whydoyoupersistinwritingsuchthings?Robbiecouldn’tkeepfromlaughing.四、动名词作定语1）动名词表示该名词的用途【例】boxingcompetition拳击比赛swimmingpool游泳池speakingcontest演讲比赛sleepingbag睡袋sleepingpill安眠药片writingdesk写字台writingpaper信纸2）介词+动名词构成定语：Heisgoodattheartofmakingfriends.他堪谙交友之道。Iadmiredhisskillatdriving.我佩服他开车的技术。Hehadthechance(opportunity)ofvisitingBeijing.Idonotlikeherwayoftalking.我不喜欢她的讲话方式。五、介词+动名词构成状语：Basswaitedalittlewhilebeforemakinguphismind.Afterstandinginthequeueforanhour,wegottwotickets.And,indoingso,hefellintocontraditions.Onreachingthecity,hecalledupLester.Idon’tblameyouforbeingcautious.Whathashedonebesidesreadingthepaper?Thereisnothingtogainbywaiting.坐等不会有收获。Withoutwaitingforanyreply,helefttheroom.HehadnotboughtanewsuitsincecomingtoOxford.Shedissusdedmefromdoingit.她劝我不要做那事。六、动名词构成的合成名词1）“动名词+名词”：waitingroom候车（诊）室waitinglist候选人名单parkinglot(space)停车场（位）checkingaccount活期账户bankingsystem银行系统sewingmachine缝纫机printing-press印刷机hearingaid助听器operatingtable手术台2）“形容词（名词）+动名词”构成：deep-ploughing深耕close-planing密植job-hunting找工作sight-seeing观光window-shopping逛商店（只看不买）3）名词化的动名词可数名词：painting画saying俗话warning警告meaning意思ending结局feeling感觉不可数名词boating划船bowling打保龄球surfing冲浪dancing跳舞mountaineering登山常用复数形式：findings调查结果savings积蓄surroundings环境sufferings苦难earnings挣的钱belongings财物【例】Dickensoftengaverendingsofhisworks.狄更斯常常朗读自己的作品。Whodidthecooking?谁做的饭？Ialwaysenjoyalittlelightreading.我一向喜欢读点轻松的东西Hecouldnotanalyzehisfeeling.他没法分析自己的感情。Takegoodcareofyourbelongings.3）固定说法Nosmoking.禁止吸烟。Noloitering.不许在此逗留。Nospitting.禁止吐痰。Noparking。禁止泊车。七、动名词的复合结构One’sdoing动名词的复合结构在句中可作：a).主语：Yourcomingtohelpisagreatencouragementtome.你们来帮忙对我是很大的鼓舞。Hergoingoffinsuchahurryisveryrisky.她这样匆忙离去很危险。Jane’snothavingreceivedpropertrainingwastoherdisadvantage.Ithasbeenagreathonouryourcomingtov