中考英语基础语法之系动词+比较级和句子结构解析课件

语法复习系动词同级比较6个简单句结构系动词+形容词系动词，也称联系动词（LinkingVerb），是用来辅助主语的动词。它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，其后必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词（系形—“细心”组合）1.特殊：2.感官：3.（变）：4.（不变）：keep,stay,remainbe(am,is,are,was,were)seemlook,sound,feel,taste,smellbecome,get,turn,go,grow1.Thedoglooked___.Theboylooked___atthepoordog.A.dead;sad B.dying;sadlyC.deadly;sadly D.dying;sad2.Themedicinetastes_____, butworks_____. A.bitter;well B.bitter;goodC.bitterly,well D.bitterly;good3.Theclothlooks____,feels_____andsells_____.A.beautiful;soft;well B.beauty;softly;wellC.beautifully;softly;good D.beautiful;soft;good巩固提高1.---Youdon'tlookvery__.Areyouill?---No,I'mjustabittired.A.goodB.wellC.strongD.healthy2.Whathesaidsounds_____.A.nicelyB.pleasantlyC.friendly D.wonderfully3.Theseorangestaste_____.A.goodB.wellC.tobegood D.tobewell同级比较状语从句中有一类称为比较状语从句，引导比较状语从句的从属连词主要为as...as（和……一样），notas/so...as（不如……），

主要句型结构：“A与B一样……。“A不如B……”。主语A+谓语动词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+对比物B”主语A+谓语动词否定形式(not)+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as+对比物Be.g.___________________“他和我一样高。”Heisn’tas/sotallasme/I.“他不如我高。”=Iamtallerthanhe/him.“我比他高。”_______________________________________

她做作业和他一样认真。”“她做作业不如他认真。”“他做作业比她认真。”Heisastallasme/I.Shedoesherhomeworkascarefullyashe/him.Shedoesn’tdoherhomeworkas/socarefullyashe/him.=Hedoeshishomeworkmorecarefullythanshe/her.1.invite(v.动词)邀请→(n.名词)邀请函/信2.disappointed(adj.形容词)失望的；沮丧的

（修饰

）disappointing(adj.)令人失望的

（修饰

）→

(n.名词)失望例如：Michaelfelt

becauseofthetruth.Theendingofthestoryis

.人物disappointmentdisappointeddisappointinginvitationexcite(v.)使激动；使兴奋→(adj.形容词)兴奋的→(adj.形容词)令人兴奋的→(n.名词)兴奋；激动excitedexcitingexcitement归纳总结：v.动词→adj.形容词

（-ing/-ed）interest→surprise→amaze→frighten→move→please→tire→worry→satisfy→relax→interestinginterestedsurprisingsurprisedamazingamazedfrighteningfrightenedmovingmovedpleasingpleasedtiringtiredworryingworriedsatisfyingsatisfiedrelaxingrelaxed3.facial(adj.形容词)面部的→(n.名词)脸谱：4.worryabout/beworriedabout担忧/担心……例如：不要担心他的数学。Don’t

hismath./

Don’t

hismath.他总是担心他的英语成绩。Healways

hisEnglish./He

always

hisEnglish.facefacialpaintingworryaboutbeworriedaboutworriesaboutisworriedabout1.exam(n.名词)考试；测验→同义词：词组：考试

/2.feeling(n.名词)感觉；想法→(v.动词)feel过去式：3.usual(adj.形容词)通常的；平常的词组：“像往常一样”例如：他没有像平常一样早起。Hedidn’tgetupearly

.4.help(v.动词)帮助→(adj.形容词)有用的，有益的

反义词：无用的asusualtesthaveanexamhaveatestfeltasusualhelpfulhelpless归纳总结：use→(adj.形容词)

反义词：care→(adj.形容词)

反义词：thank→(adj.形容词)

反义词：usefuluselesscarefulcarelessthankfulthankless5.old(adj.形容词)“年老的”反义词：比较级：

“年长的”

“更老的”old“旧的”反义词：例如：Tom比Jim大一岁。Tomisoneyear

thanJim.Tom是Jim的哥哥。TomisJim’s

brother.youngelderoldernewolderelder6.sad(adj.形容词)“悲伤的；难过的”→(n.名词)sadness

悲伤Theboylooks

.Howdidhedealwithhis

?happy→(n.名词)ill→(n.名词)sadsadnesshappinessillness7.someone(pron.不定代词)“某人”，用于肯定句中；anyone“任何人”，用于否定句、疑问句中；everyone“每个人，人人”noone=nobody“没有人”（只指人）反义词：allnone“没有一个，毫无”（指人或物，强调数量。none可以与of连用）Noneofus/themcananswerthequestion.我们/他们中没有一个能回答这个问题。Noneofthefoodwasleft.一点食物都没有留下。8.fair(adj.形容词)“

公平的”→反义词：friendly→反义词：

happy→反义词：lucky→反义词：

luckily→反义词：able→反义词：unfairunfriendlyunhappyunluckyunluckilyunable1.speak(v.动词)“说（语言）”→(n.名词)“演讲”“做演讲”2.rich(adj.形容词)“

富有的；油腻的”→反义词：therich“有钱人；富人”“穷人”：“盲人”：richfood“油腻的食物”3.sick(adj.形容词)“

生病的”可以做表语，也可做定语。ill(adj.形容词)“

生病的”，只能做表语。例如：这个老人生病了。Theoldmanis

.昨天这个生病的老人被送去医院了。The

manwassenttothehospitalyesterday.词组：生病住院

beill/sickinhospitalspeechmakeaspeechpoorthepoortheblindill/sicksick4.“骄傲；自豪”：beproudof/takepridein例如：我为我们的祖国而骄傲。I’mproudofourcountry.=Itakeprideinourcountry.5.especial(adj.形容词)“

特别的”→(adv.副词)

形容词+ly→副词quick→

sad→

polite→

slow→careful→

beautiful→

sudden→fine→

quiet→

loud→

silent→部分ly结尾的形容词：lonely,friendly,lively,ugly,lovelyquicklysadlypolitelyslowlycarefullybeautifullysuddenlyfinelyquietlyloudlysilently6.fill(v.动词)“充满，装满”→(adj.形容词)filled/full“满的”fillwithsth.（使）充满，填满fill…withsth.用…装满…例如：他的眼里充满着泪水。Hiseyesfilledwithtears.Michael把这个箱子装满了书。Michaelfilledtheboxwithbooks.“充满……”：befullof…/befilledwith…例如：这个瓶子里装满了水。Thebottle

isfullofwater.Thebottleisfilledwith

water.7.decide(v.动词)“决定”→(n.名词)“做决定”：“决定做某事”：decidetodosth.=例如：在作重要决定前要仔细考虑。Thinkitoverbefore

.makeadecisionmakeadecisiontodosth.makinganimportantdecision1.worry(动词)—_______________(形容词)2.live(动词)—_________________(形容词)3.face(名词，动词)—___________(形容词)4.paint(动词)—________________(名词)5.frighten(动词)—_________/__________(形容词)6.invite(动词)—________________(名词)7.disappoint(动词)—_________________(名词)______________/_______________(形容词)

worriedlivelyfacialpaintingfrightenedfrighteninginvitationdisappointmentdisappointeddisappointing1.我最喜欢的电影之一_________________________2.过夜__________________________________________3.向某人道谢___________________________________4.看电影________________________________________5.一张……的票_________________________________6.感到孤单______________________________________7.为……感到难过_______________________________oneofmyfavoritemoviesspendtheevening/nightsaythankstosb.gotothemoviesaticketto…feellonelyfeelsorryfor…8.和……和解_______________________________9.脸谱_____________________________________10.首先____________________________________11.有能力做某事 ___________________________受……喜爱______________________________13.照顾____________________________________makepeacewith…facialpaintingsatfirstbeabletodosth.bepopularwith…carefor/lookafter/takecareof14.由于_____________________________________15.使振奋/高兴起来_________________________16.形成_____________________________________17.充满____________________________________18.最后_____________________________________19.害怕做某事______________________________becauseofcheerupcomeintobeingbefullof/befilledwith intheend/atlastbeafraidofdoingsth./todosth.2.Hemustbeexcitedtogetit.

意思是“他能拿到票一定很激动。”I’lltellhimtheexcitingnewsrightnow.

意思是“我会马上告诉他这个激动人心的消息。”beexcited意为“感到激动的”，主语一般为___。beexciting意为“令人兴奋的”，主语一般为___。类似的还有：interested/interestingsurprised/surprisingbored/boring人物用括号内单词的适当形式填空。⑴Heis___________atthe____________news.(disappoint)⑵Thefilmis_______.Weare______bythefilm.(move)⑶Thematchwas_______.Thefansgotso______thattheydanced.(excite)⑷Ifelt________tohearthat.Itwas_________.(surprise)disappointeddisappointingmovingmoveexcitingexcitedsurprisedsurprising3.Thefatherwaslonelyandoftenbecameangrybecauseofthenoisychildren.意思是“孤独的父亲经常由于吵吵闹闹的孩子们而发怒。”⑴lonely表示“孤单的，寂寞的”，指主观上的，既可作表语也可做定语。alonelyroad意为“一条偏僻的道路”。alone表示“单独的，独自的”，指客观上的，只作表语，不能做定语。根据句意，选择alone或lonely填空。①Icandothework______.②Shefelt_______,althoughthereweremanypeoplearound.③Thatisa(n)______island.Noonehaseverbeenthere.lonelylonelyalone⑵becauseof意为“由于”，是介词短语，后常跟名词或短语。because后可以跟句子。e.g.Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecauseofhisillness.=Hedidn’tcometoschool_______________.“由于他生病了，所以没来上学。”becausehewasill1.—你好吗？—很好，谢谢。Howareyou(doing)?Fine,thankyou.2.在中国，京剧过去在老年人中受欢迎。BeijingOperausedtobepopularwitholdpeopleinChina.3.他觉得失望因为他买不到电影票。Hefeltdisappointedbecausehewasn’tabletobuythetickettothemovie5.—音乐听起来怎么样？—很优美。Howdoesthemusicsound?Soundsbeautiful.6.他们准备去看什么电影？Whatmoviearetheygoingtosee?1.sadness(名词)—___________(形容词)2.love(动词)—______________(形容词)3.help(动词、名词)—________(形容词)4.feel(动词)—_________________(名词)sadlovelyhelpfulfeeling1.在某方面表现很差_____________________________2.与某人谈一谈__________________________________3.谢谢你做了某事________________________________4.有这些感受____________________________________5.给某人讲笑话__________________________________6.在某人的年龄时________________________________dobadlyin/beweakintalkwithsb./haveatalkwithsb.thankyoufordoingsth.get/havethesefeelingstellsb.Jokesatone’sage7.顺便提一下____________________________________8.放松___________________________________________9.并且___________________________________________10.害怕去做某事________________________________11.发疯________________________________________12.习惯于（做）某事___________________________bythewaytakeiteasywhat’smorebeafraidtodosth.gomadgetusedto(doing)sth.13.与……交朋友________________________________14.即使________________________________________15.考试不及格 _______________________________16.处理;处置__________________________________17.拒绝做某事 _______________________________18.过正常的生活________________________________be/makefriendswitheventhoughfail(topassan)examdealwithrefusetodosth.haveanormallife1.Anythingwrong?=Isthereanythingwrong?

意思是“有什么麻烦吗?”注意：形容词修饰不定代词要后置

。e.g.“不好的事情”____________________“一切新的事物”____________________()Isthere_____inthenewspapertoday?A.somethingimportantB.anythingimportantC.importantanythingsomethingbadeverythingnewB2.Whatseemstobetheproblem?

意思是“似乎有什么问题?”⑴seemtodosth.意为“似乎做某事”，常与“Itseemsthat+句子”替换。e.g.Heseemstoknowhername.似乎他知道她的名字。=__________________________⑵seem+adj.意为“似乎(怎样)”，

构成系表结构。e.g.Youseemsad.“你似乎很伤心。”=____________________=____________________Itseemsthatheknowshername.Youseem(tobe)sad.Itseemsthatyouaresad.3.Iwasnotusedtoanythinghere.

意思是“我不适应这里的一切。”get/beusedto(doing)sth.（用法见第14讲语法梳理(一)）e.g.()⑴I______gettingupearly.A.amusedto B.usedtoC.amusedfor()⑵He______listentothepopsongs,butnowhelistenstothefolksongs.A.amusedto B.usedtoC.getusedtoAB4.Myclassmatesallacceptme.

意思是“我的同学都接受了我。”【辨析】accept和receiveaccept“接受”，指主观上接受。receive“收到，得到”，强调客观上收到，主观上不一定接受。()⑴She_____agiftbutshedidn’twanttoacceptit.A.got B.received C.accepted()⑵Ican’t______youradvice.A.get B.receive C.acceptBC5.Itisnormaltohavethesefeelings.

意思是“有这些感受是很正常的。”Itisnormal...意为“……是正常的”。

在句型“Itis+adj.+todo”中，It是形式主语，真正主语是后面的_______________。e.g.____________________afteralongtrip.“长途旅行后感到疲劳是正常的。”Itisnormaltofeeltired动词不定式todo类似的还有句型“findit+adj.+todo”。

句子中的It也是形式主语，真正主语也是后面的动词不定式todo。e.g.I________________learnEnglishwell.“我发现学好英语是很难的。”They________________swiminthesea.“他们发现在大海里游泳是很危险的。”finditdifficulttofinditdangerousto6.Ifyoudon’tknowhowtodealwiththeseproblems,youmaylearnsomethingfromJeff.意思是“如果你不知道怎样处理这些问题，你可以向杰夫学习。”⑴dealwith意为“对付，处理”，用于特殊疑问句时与____搭配使用。⑵dowith意为“对付，处理”，用于特殊疑问句时与_____搭配使用。e.g.Howdoyoudealwiththisproblem?=_____________________________“你要如何处理这个问题？”Whatdoyoudowiththisproblem?

how

what7.Hedoesn’thatethedriveranylonger.

意思是“他不再憎恨那个司机了。”⑴not…anylonger=nolonger意为“不再……”，指时间上不再。⑵not…anymore=nomore意为“不再……”，指次数上不再。注意：其中not通常要与前面的助动词连用。①Youaren’tachildanylonger.你不再是个小孩了。=______________________②Wedidn’tvisithimanymore.我们不再去拜访他了。=______________________Youarenolongerachild.Wevisitedhimnomore.1.她感到孤独，因为她没有朋友可交谈。Shefeelslonelybecauseshehasnofriendstotalkwith.2.她不知道该如何和别人谈论这件事。Shedoesn’tknowhowtotalkwithothersaboutit.3.我发现学好英语很难。IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.4.我现在生活得和以前一样快乐。Iliveashappilyasbefore5.我无法像平常那样睡得好。Ican’tsleepas/sowellasusual.6.这里的路不如我们家乡的干净。Theroadsaren’tas/socleanasthoseinourhometown.7.食物也不如我们的美味可口。Thefoodisn’tas/sodeliciousasours,either.8.他不再独自呆在房间里了。Hedoesn’tstayintheroomaloneanylonger=Henolongerstaysintheroomalone.1.speak(动词)—_______________(名词)2.pride(名词)—______________(形容词)3.choose(动词)—_______________(名词)4.decide(动词)—_______________(名词)5.confident(形容词)—___________(名词)6.silent(形容词)—______________(名词)speechproudchoicedecisionconfidencesilence1.做一次演讲__________________________________2.进行一次测试________________________________3.遵从医嘱_____________________________________4.卧病在床_____________________________________5.从自行车上摔下来____________________________6.躺在路上_____________________________________give/makeaspeechhaveatestfollow/takethedoctor’sadvicebeillinbedfalloffthebikelieontheroad7.对……有信心__________________________________8.以……为自豪__________________________________9.保持沉默______________________________________10.处于良好的情绪_____________________________11.笑对生活____________________________________12.给某人一个惊喜_____________________________beconfidentabout...beproudof...keepsilentinagoodmoodsmileatlifegivesb.asurprise13.表演短剧____________________________________14.幸福感______________________________________15.陷入困境____________________________________16.仔细思考____________________________________17.心情好______________________________________putonashortplayasenseofhappinessintroublethinkoverinhighspirits1.Iamafraidheisgoingtobesick.

意思是“我担心他可能会生病。”ill表示“生病的”，ill只能作表语。

词组：fallill=beill“生病”sick也表示“生病的”，sick既能作表语，也能作定语。e.g.⑴Themanis_______.（作表语）“那个男人病了。”

⑵The_____boyliesinbed.（作定语）“那个生病的男孩躺在床上。”ill/sicksick2.Hewasafraidtogivehisspeech,buthediditanyway.

意思是“他害怕做演讲，但无论如何他做到了。”beafraid（用法参见第15讲考点解析5(2)）e.g.⑴Iwasafraid___________h