活塞式压缩机设计大作业

活塞式压缩机设计大作业

活塞式压缩机大型作业（2009）

一、题目：

复算19WY-9/150型氢氮气压缩机在目前操作条件下的各级压力、

排气温度、排气量、功率，作出计算示功图、切向力图、活塞力图、标

明最大活塞力与切向力，核算配用电机功率是否适当？

二、19WY—9/150型压缩机简介

19WY—9/150型压缩机是我省是期投产3000吨小型化肥厂的氮氢

气压缩机，

二列是间为飞轮，由电机通过三角皮带拖动。压缩机为卧式、两列、

门型，四级压缩。原料（半水煤气）经脱硫后进入I级，经I级压缩后

送去变换、水洗、碳化、碳化后，为碳化气。碳化气返回n级、in、iv

级压缩后去洗铜、合成。

三、目前操作条件与有关数据（1）操作条件：

吸气压力0.15MPa（绝）排气压力16.0MPa（绝）

I级出口与H级进口压力差△P=0.09MPa

I级进口相对湿度小=1

1

（3）有关数据

（3）有关数据

活塞行程：S=310mm,活塞杆直径d=60mm

转速：n=228转/分连杆比人=r/L=150/700=0,2143

I—IV列超前n—in列90o

22

配用电机额定功率：155kW

解：

1.由于各级间温度变化不大，所以各气体的热熔比取由书本图1-2,

各气体等蜡指数分别取N2：K=1.40H2:K=1.40CO2:K=1.28CO:

K=1.4002:K=1.40Ar:K=1.66CH4:K=1.27

根据公式1-141

km?l??k?ii?l可得原料（半水煤气）的等端指数为K=1.379

碳化气的等熠指数K=1.397

一.初算各级压力比

各级的行程容积根据式子Vsj?

Vsl?

Vs2ns4?2D2j?d2?可计算nS2222Dl?D4?d）=0.0544m34n

S223?2D2?D3）=0.0171m4

nS223D3?d）=0.0035m4

nS

4D4=0.0010m2Vs3?Vs4?3

又已知吸气压力0.15MPa（绝）排气压力16.0MPa（绝）

即Pl?=0.15MPaP2?v=16.0MPa

Pl??=Pl??Vh?

Vh??=0.15?0.0544?2280.0171?228?0.477MPa

P2??0.477?0.09?0.567

2

P2??Pl????Pl??Vh?Vh????0.15?0.0544?2280.0035?228?2.331MPa

P2????Pl?v?Pl??Vh?Vh?v?0.15?0.0544?2280.001?228?8.160MPa

P2?v?16.0MPa

四级的名义压力比为：

???0.5672.3318.16016.0??????v??3.78?4.8

9??????3.50?1.960.150.4772.3318.160

3.确定各级新的容积系数

由书本表2-1可得膨胀指数计算公式，且第一级K=1.379,二，三，四

级的K=1.397多变指数第一级ml?l?0.5(k?l)=1.19

k(?多变指数第二级m2?l?0.5

2?(多变指数第三级m3?l?0.6k

5?侈变指数第四级m4?l?0.7kl)=1.201)=1.251)=130

1

m理想气体的容积系数根据公式2-10?v?l??(?

????1)可求得5?????0.16??v?0.1????0.11

m?l??1.19?l)?l?0.065??3.78?l??0.87

??11???1)?1?0.15??4.891.2?1??0.59

??11???1)?1?0.16??3.501.25?1??0.72

1

?v?v?l???v(??vm?vl??1.30?l)?l?0.1??1.96?l??0.93

??

4.确定各级工况系数C

抽气系数？？？1????0.89?????0.89??v?0.89

由公式C?Vh?v得

C??Vh??v??0.0544?228?0.87?10.79

3

C???Vh???v???c???Pl??Tl?Zl?Pl?Tl??Zl??

??0.0171?228?0.590.89?0.477?300.15?35?7,42C????Vh????v????c???

?v?v

?c?v

?P1???T1?Z1?P1?T1???Z1???P1?VT1?Z1??0.0035?228?0.720.89?2.331?3

00.15?40?7.53

C?v?Vh?v?Pl?Tl?vZl?v?0.001?228?0.930.89?8.16?300.15?40?9.75B?Cmin

Cmax7.4210.79?0.68?0.97所以要进行复算

(-)第一次复算

1.重新确定初值P

Pl??(l)12

1

2

1

2

1

2Pl?(l?C?C?)?0.15MPaPl???(l)Pl??(l?C?C??C?)?0.585MPa

P1????(1)P1???(1?C???C?

C?v)?2.836MPaPl?v?(l)Pl?v(l?)?8.608MPa2.8378.609?4.70?3.0

3?????0.6042.837得？？？

??v0.604?0.090.1516??1.868.609

1?4.63????2.确定各级容积系

数？v??l???(??m?l???l)?l?0.065??4.631.19?l??0.83

??11??1.2?1)?1?0.15??4.70?1??0.61

??11???1)?1?0.16??3.031.25?1??0.77

1

?v?v?l???v(??vm?vl??1.30?l)?l?0.1??1.86?l??0.94

??

3.确定各级工况常数

4

C??Vh??v??0.0544?228?0.83?10.29

C???Vh???v???c???Pl??Tl?Zl?Pl?Tl??Zl??

??0.0171?228?0.610.89?0.604?300.15?35?9.22

C????Vh????v????c???Pl???Tl?Zl?Pl?Tl???Zl???

Pl?vTl?Zl??0.0035?228?0.770.89?2.837?300.15?40?9.80

C?v?Vh?v?v?v?c?v?Pl?Tl?vZl?v?0.001?228?0.940.89?8,609?300.15?40?10.3

6

B?Cmin

Cmax?9.2210.36?0.89?0.97所以要进行第二次复算

(三)第二次复算

1.重新确定初值P

Pl?(2)?12

1

2

1

2

1

2Pl?(l?(l)C?C?C?C??C?)?0.15MPaPl???(2)Pl??(l?(l))?0.617MPa

P1????(2)P1???(1?(1)C???C?

C?v)?2.907MPaPl?v?(2)Pl?v(l?(l))?8.578MPa

2.9098.58074.55??????2.950.6392.909???0.639?0.090.15

16

8.58074.86??????v??1.86

2.确定各级容积系数1

?v??l???{??m?l??1.19?l)?l?0.065??4.86?l??0.82

??ll???l)?l?0.15??4.551.2?l??0.62

??ll??1.25?l)?l?0.16??2.95?l??0.78

5

1

?v?v?l???v(??vm?vl??1.30?l)?l?0.1??1.86?l??0.94

??

3.确定各级工况常数

C??Vh??v??0.0544?228?0.82?10.17

C???Vh???v???c???Pl??Tl?Zl?Pl?Tl??Zl??

??0.0171?228?0.620.89?0.639?300.15?35?9.92C????Vh????v????c???

?v?v

?C?VP1???T1?Z1?P1?T1???Z1???P1?VT1?Z1??0.0035?228?0.780.89?2.90

9?300.15?40?10.17

C?v?Vh?v?Pl?Tl?vZl?v?0.001?228?0.940.89?8.580?300.15?40?10.33

B?Cmin

Cmax?9.9210.33?0.96?0.97所以要进行第三次复算

(四)第三次复算

1.重新确定初值P

Pl?(3)?12

1

2

1

2

1

2Pl?(l?(2)C?C?C?C??C?)?0.15MPaPl???(3)Pl??(l?(2))?0.625MPa

P1????(3)P1???(1?(2)C???C?

C?v)?2.907MPaPl?v?(3)Pl?v(l?(2))?8.512MPa

2.9098.51374.45??????2.930.6472.909???0.647?0.090.15

16

8.513?4.91??????v??1.88

2.确定各级容积系数1

?v??l???{??m?l???l)?l?0.065??4.911.19?l??0.82

??ll??1.2?l)?l?0.15??4.45?l??0.63

???v???l????(???m??

6

1

m???

1

??1.25

?l)?l?0.16??2.93?l??0.78

??

1

?v?v?l???v(??v

m?v

1??

?1)?1?0.1??1.881.30?1??0.94

??

3.确定各级工况常数

C??Vh??v??0.0544?228?0.82?10.17

C???Vh??

?v???c??

?

P1??T1?Z1?P1?T1??Z1??

?0.0171?228?

0.630.89

?

0.647?300.15?35

?10.20

C????Vh???

?v????c????v?v?c?v

?

P1???T1?Z1?P1?T1???Z1???P1?VT1?Z1?

?0.0035?228?

0.780.89

?

2.909?300.15?40

?10.17

C?v?Vh?v

?

Pl?Tl?vZl?v

?0.001?228?

0.940.89

?

8.513?300.15?40

?10.25

B?

CminCmax

?

10.1710.25

?0.99?0.97精度足够，所以确定各级压力位

第?级吸气压力P=0.15MPa排气压力P=0.737MPa

第??级吸气压力P=0.647MPa排气压力P=2.909MPa第？??级

吸气压力P=2.909MPa排气压力P=8.513MPa第?v级吸气压力

P=8.513MPa排气压力P=16.0MPa

二各级排气温度

n?l

根据书本公式2-25Td?Ts?

n

计算(其中Ts为吸气温度)

又过程指数对低压级可取n?(0.95?0.99)k,中高压取出匕所以取

kl=1.39

k2?k3?k4?1.40

k?l

l.?39

1

可得T2l?Tll?k

1

?303?

k?lk

4.91?

1.40?11.40

1.39

20c0,5?198.8c?152.5c?101.9c

???

?

T2II7T1II???

?308?4.45

k?lk

1.40?l

T2III?T1III????T2IV?T1IV?IV

?313?2,93?313?1.88

1.40

k?lk

1.40711.40

三排气量的计算

根据Vh值理论计算

3

由书本公式2-29得qv?Vs?v?p?t?ln（其中Vs为各级气缸的行程容积,

m；?v,?p,?t分

7

别为气缸的容积系数，压力系数，温度系数；无气体泄漏是取?I取1;

n为压缩机转速，rmin）

根据的压力比查温度系数与压力比的关系图2-12可得各级的温度系

数?tl?0.93,?tll?0.91,?tlll?0.94,?tlV?0.96,

压力系数（一般取0.98到1.0）取？p??0.99

因为?p?l??p?0.99所以？pl??pll??plll??plV?0.99pl

泄漏系数？11

泄漏系数?n

1?1??（??1）

取?11=0.97,?lll=0.97,?llll=0.95,?IIV=0.94,

所以压缩机的排气系数为

?vl=0.82,?vll=0.63,?vlll=0.78,?vlV=0.94

?pl??pll??plll??plV?0.99

?tl?0.93,?tll?0.91,?tlll?0.94,?tlV?0.96

?ll=0.97,?lll=0.97,?llll=0.95,?IIV=0.94

?dl??vl?pl?tl?ll=0.82?0.99?0.93?0.97=0.732

同理第二级的吸气系数为

?dll??vll?pll?tll?lll=0.63?0.99?0.91?0.97=0.551

?dlll??vlll?plll?tlll?llll=0.78?0.99?0.94?0.95=0.690

?dlV??vlV?plV?tlV?IIV=0.94?0.99?0.96?0.94=0.840

VS

sl?n42D2?D223

14?d)=0.0544m

Vs2?nS42D223

2?D3)=0.0171m

VnS

s3?4D2?d2)=0.0035m3

3

VnS23

s4?4D4=0.0010m

8

所以qv??Vs??v??p??t??l?n?9.00mqvll?Vs?ll?vll?3min

3?n?2.llll3plltll

3

plllminqvll?Vs?lll?vll?ll?n?tO.55minlllllll

3qvlV?Vs???plV?n?0J19IVvlVtlVIVmin

四功率的计算

计算各级指示功率和轴功率由公式Ni?nkps?vV((spdpsk?160k?l)k?l)

可计算

第I级Nil0.39??1.39???0.15?0.82?0.0544?4.91?l??51.05kw

601.39?1??2281.39第L级

Nill0.40?????0.647?0.63?0.0171?4.451.40?l??49.33kw601.40?1??2281.40

第III级Nilll0.40??1.40???2.909?0.78?0.0035?2.93?l??37.9kw

601.40?1??2281.40第IV级

NilV0.40?????8.513?0.94?0.0010?1.881.40?l??20.08kw601.40?1??2281.40

4

所以，压缩机总的指示功率Ni??Nij?158.36kw

j?l

取机械效率取?m?0.9,则压缩机的轴功率Nz?N?m?1580.9?176kw又

电机功率余度10%,而Nz>155所以该电机规格不符。

活塞运动分析

活塞的位移公式为

活塞的位移近似式为

9

活塞的加速度为

式中r?

对运动机构，习惯用理论力学的达朗贝尔原理进行受力分析，即将运

动刚体视为静止，加上惯性力，运用静力学平衡方程。作用在连杆机构上

的几个主要作用力：惯性力、气体力、摩擦力、摩擦力矩等。并画它们与

转角关系的曲线图。

惯性力

由已知，得：

msl?210.9kgzms2?

193.7kg.

摩擦力与摩擦力矩

往复摩擦力Rs的计算公式

为?l?0.65??l?Ni0.65?0.111?175.6??m???5.42kN

Rs?2Sn'2?0.31?3,77S2?3102?155mm,??0.2143,

w?2?n/60?23.65rad/s

?m为机械效率

Ni为指示功率

S为行程

n'为每秒转速，r/s

旋转摩擦力矩Mf的计算公式为：

?l?0.35??l?Ni0.35?0.111?175.6??m????0.288kN?m

2?n'2?3.14?3.77Mf

旋转摩擦力的计算公式为：

10

fr?Mrf?l?0.35??l?Ni0.35?0.111?175.6??m????1.86kN?Sn'3.14?0.31?3.

77

气体力

其中P为气体力，N

Fi为活塞的有效面积，

Pi为作用在有效面积上的气体压力，Pa

求出转角?对应的活塞当量位移x

盖侧对应于汽缸容积的活塞当量位移，就是活塞位移的值：

l??x?r??

l?cos???l???rKl????K1??

l?cos????l??l

轴侧对应于汽缸容积的当量位移则另为：

l??x?2r?r??

l?cos???l??????即x?r??

l?cos???l???rK2???

?1??

对于?,K1,K2的值可以查表。

压缩过程任意点的压力为：

膨胀过程任意点的压力为：

11

排气过程任意点的压力为：

吸气过程任意点的压力为:Pi?Ps

SO为余隙容积的当量行程。Pi,Pd分别为膨胀

过程任意点的压力与膨胀始点压力。s,m,xi与压缩过程的意义一样。Ps

压缩始点压力

根据以上画出示功图

同理，可得到第??,???,?v级的指示功图

12

活塞力切向力数据

角度弧度气体力气体力气体力气体力轴

盖1盖2轴12

00-107.633-77.15813.48342.9919

13

摩擦力10摩擦力20

1020304050607080900.1745330.3490660.5235990.698132

0.8726651.0471981.221731.3962631.570796-94.5483-68.7338-46.5692

-36.7264-34.9374-34.9374-34.9374-34.9374-34.9374-71.8575-59.416

-45.8744-34.6268-26.3013-20.3955-18.4418-18.4418-18.441814.80336

46.9491915.3229416.2345917.6138219.5819222.3259726.13235

31.4435338.955448.4931251.1844155.2142460.8806468.6242279.08226

93.16817112.18331.0351.0351.0351.0351.0351.0351.0351.0351.035

1.0361.0361.0361.0361.0361.0361.0361.0361.036100110120130140

150160170180190200210220230240250260270280290300310320

330340350360

角度

01020304050

1.7453291.9198622.0943952.2689282.4434612.6179942.792527

2.967063.1415933.3161263.4906583.6651913.8397244.0142574.18879

4.3633234.5378564.7123894.8869225.0614555.2359885.410521

5.5850545.7595865.9341196.1086526.283185惯性力117.547617.14907

15.981514.1261911.709728.891632

-34.9374-34.9374-34.9374-34.9374-34.9374-34.9374-34.9374

-34.9374-34.9374-38.247-39.1741-40.7951-43.2352-46.6954-51.4857

-58.081-67.2167-80.056-90.9679-101.865-107.633-107.633-107.633

-107.633-107.633-107.633-107.633

惯性力216.117215.7511614.6787612.9746910.75528.166827

-18.441849.78745129.53021.0351.036-18.441855.107138.68531.035

1.036-18.441855.107139.5031.0351.036-18.441855.107139.5031.035

1.036-18.441855.107139.5031.0351.036-18.441855.107139.5031.035

1.036-18.441855.107139.5031.0351.036-18.441855.107139.5031.035

1.036

-18.441855.107139.50300-20.093648.99303132.5857-1.035-1.036

-20.553836.25935115.0567-1.035-1.036-21.35624.6481893.55904-1.035

-1.036-22.557416.5442873.36202-1.035-1.036-24.24913.48356.76922

-1.035-1.036-26.56813.48345.91191-1.035-1.036-29.719213.48342.9919

-1.035-1.036-34.008713.48342.9919-1.035-1.036-39.898113.48342.9919

-1.035-1.036-48.091513.48342.9919-1.035-1.036-59.669213.48342.9919

-1.035-1.036-76.277413.48342.9919-1.035-1.036-77.15813.48342.9919

-1.035-1.036-77.15813.48342.9919-1.035-1.036-77.15813.48342.9919

-1.035-1.036-77.15813.48342.9919-1.035-1.036-77.15813.48342.9919

-1.035

-1.036

-77.158

13.483

42.991900

活塞力1活塞力2切向力1

切向力2

-76.6024-18.04890

-61.5609-8.12115-12.9491-1.70826-36.39444.79188-14.9678

1.970741-15.173419.3207-9.0110811.47403-6.3678632.37864-4.77813

24.29533-5.42885

43.78217-4.74747

38.28703

14

607080901001101201301405.84922.760987-0.20897-2.9246

-5.28748-7.24173-8.7738-9.90733-10.6945.37242.535924-0.19193

-2.6862-4.85647-6.65142-8.0586-9.09973-9.82229-5.72723-5.00906

-2.667842.128410.5975713.9628712.430811.2972710.5105854.63712

64.2123875.5704492.0913107.2679114.6281114.0386112.9975112.2749

-5.51034-5.06656-2.729632.128410.0300912.118479.570737.429079

5.62552252.5680264.9494477.3209292.0913101.523999.486587.80067

74.3071160.09228150-11.2016-10.288510.00301111.8087160-11.5008

-10.56339.703848111.5339170-11.6526-10.70289.551981111.3944180

-11.6984-10.74488.4712110.3164190-11.6526-10.7028-1.94159100.7533

200-11.5008-10.5633-15.450582.90364210-11.2016-10.2885-28.3835

60.87855220-10.694-9.82229-38.419939.94633230-9.90734-9.09973

-44.154722.38449240-8.7738-8.0586-47.811510.24931250-7.24173

-6.65142-52.87475.585278260-5.28748-4.85647-60.05623.090728270

-2.9246-2.6862-70.5326-0.6284280-0.20897-0.19193-78.7289-6.32753

2902.7609852.535923-86.656-15.17743005.8491985.372399-89.3358

-28.94913108.891638.166825-86.2934-27.035332011.7097210.7552

-83.4753-24.446933014.1261912.97469-81.0588-22.227434015.9815

14.67876-79.2035-20.523335017.1490715.75115-78.0359-19.4509360

17.547616.1172-76.6024-18.0489

15

4.0624992.6469531.308143

00.26594.21448611.5273320.5632929.0361436.8110645.89034

56.8402970.532680.5525187.6506985.9526875.4626262.6357548.1386

32.5737816.41459

045.4086130.423515.25546

-13.7982-22.6139-24.7245-21.3803-14.72-7.89115-4.8475-2.92523

0.6284016.47410315.3515927.8528123.6420618.3437613.20025

8.4405724.09144

气体力数据

度数

P1盖P0P4盖A100.6230.1160.0880.1745330.538620.114.28284

0.0880.3490660.3800760.110.685890.088

16

A140.0875

0.08750.0875

A4

0.003320.003320.00332A0

0.002830.002830.00283

0.5235990.6981320.8726651.0471981.221731.3962631.570796

1.7453291.9198620.252280.170446

0.150.150.150.150.150.150.150.10.10.10.10.10.10.10.10.1

7.37791

6.576.576.576.576.576.576.576.570.0880.0880.0880.0880.088

0.0880.0880.0880.0880.08750.08750.08750.08750.08750.08750.0875

0.08750.08750.003320.003320.003320.003320.003320.003320.00332

0.003320.003320.002830.002830.002830.002830.002830.002830.00283

0.002830.002832.0943952.2689282.4434612.6179942.7925272.96706

3.1415933.3161263.4906583.6651913.8397244.0142574.188794.363323

4.5378564.7123894.8869225.0614555.2359885.4105215.585054

5.7595865.9341196.1086526.283185

xO

0.0027010.0106860.0236050.0409020.0618460.0855790.11117

0.150.150.150.150.150.150.150.16440.168440.1755110.186171

0.2013210.2223580.2514410.2919540.3493240.4325480.557087

0.6230.6230.6230.6230.6230.6230.623Fg盖1-107.633-94.5483

-68.7338-46.5692-36.7264-34.9374-34.9374-34.9374

0.16.570.16.570.16.570.16.570.16.570.16.570.16.570.17.187357

0.17.3601180.17.6620070.18.1160250.18.7589860.19.6474110.1

10.867430.112.551440.114.90666

0.1160.1160.1160.1160.1160.1160.1160.1160.116Fg轴1Fgl

13.483-94.149514.80336-79.744915.32294-53.410816.23459-30.3346

17.61382-19.112619.58192-15.355522.32597-12.611426.13235

-8.80505

17

0.0880.08750.003320.002830.0880.08750.003320.002830.088

0.08750.003320.002830.0880.08750.003320.002830.0880.08750.00332

0.002830.0880.08750.003320.002830.0880.08750.003320.002830.088

0.08750.003320.002830.0880.08750.003320.002830.0880.08750.00332

0.002830.0880.08750.003320.002830.0880.08750.003320.002830.088

0.08750.003320.002830.0880.08750.003320.002830.0880.08750.00332

0.002830.0880.08750.003320.002830.0880.08750.003320.002830.088

0.08750.003320.002830.0880.08750.003320.002830.0880.08750.00332

0.002830.0880.08750.003320.002830.0880.08750.003320.002830.088

0.08750.003320.002830.0880.08750.003320.002830.0880.08750.00332

0.00283pl轴

p4轴

x轴。0.156.570.3100.1650047.2131940.297299200.170908

7.4655610.289314300.1812687.9073650.276395400.1969418.573372

0.259098500.2193069.5188230.238154