适用于新高考新教材备战2025届高考英语一轮总复习Unit4Nevertoooldtolearn牛津译林版选择性必修第四册

Unit4NevertoooldtolearnⅠ.阅读理解ADigitalhoarding(alsoknownase-hoardingordatahoarding)meansaccumulating(积累)alargequantityofelectronicmaterials,eventhoughitisnolongervaluabletotheuser.Antoinette,25,said,“Thoughnotwell-organized,theWhatsAppchatwithmybestfriendsinhighschoolwillneverbedeleted.It’sinterestinglookingbackatthestartoftherelationshipsomanyyearsagoandwhoIwasthen,andIcanseehowtherelationshiphaschanged.”Besidesthe“friends”wekeeponsocialmedia,digitalfiles,folders,music,moviesandcomputerprogramsarealsoformsofdigitalhoarding.Bothundergraduatesandgraduatesexpressedfeelingoverwhelmedwithmassesoftechnologicalleftoverdata:lecturenotes,PowerPointslides,PDFsofresearch,snapshotsofclassroomwhiteboards—nottomentiontheirownever-increasingMetafriendstheydidn’tknowbutwereafraidofunfriending.Iamalsoadigitalhoarder.MyfirsthomescreenisfilledwithappsIuseeveryday—Meta,Spotify,Twitter,Outlook,Weather,etc.MysecondhomescreenhasappsthatIdon’tusequiteasmuch,butstillwantwithineasyreach—billingapps,shopping,andsmarthomeapps.Mythirdhomescreeniswherethingsgetcomplexandoutofcontrol,justamessofgames,business-relatedapps,andatonofmiscellaneousdatathatarehardtobegroupedintoonecategory.IkeeptellingmyselfmaybeI’llneedthemonedaythathasnevercomeandprobablyneverwill.Hoardersfallintodifferentcategories.“Collectors”areorganized,systematicandincontroloftheirdata.“Accidentalhoarders”aredisorganized,don’tknowwhattheyhave,anddon’thavecontroloverit.The“complianthoarders”keepdataonbehalfoftheircompanies.Finally,“anxioushoarders”havestrongemotionaltiestotheirdataandareworriedaboutdeletingit.Peoplearemoreresistantwhenitcomestoactuallygettingridoftheirpreciouspossessions—perhapsbecausetheyhavetreatedtheselifelesspossessionsasiftheyhadthoughtsandfeelings.1.Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?A.Tointroducedigitalcollectors.B.Topresentamodernphenomenon.C.Toadvertisedigitalhoarding.D.Tooffertipsonhandlinge-data.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“miscellaneous”inparagraph4referto?A.Diverse. B.Reliable.C.Precise. D.Suitable.3.WhichtypeofdigitalhoarderdoesAntoinettebelongto?A.Collectors. B.Accidentalhoarders.C.Complianthoarder. D.Anxioushoarders.4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsdigitalhoarding?A.Doubtful. B.Disapproving.C.Tolerant. D.Uncaring.BWhatdefinesus?Ifpressed,Iwouldanswerthatifthereisanypartofmethatsitsatmycore,thensurelyitmustbemymoralcentre,mydeep-seatedsenseofrightandwrong.AndIoftenfeelthatI’maslightlydifferentpersonineachlanguageIspeak—moredeterminedinEnglish,morerelaxedinFrench,andmoreemotionalinCzech.Isitpossiblethat,alongwiththesedifferences,mymoralguidelinesalsopointinsomewhatdifferentdirectionsdependingonthelanguageI’musing?InaresearchledbyAlbertCosta,volunteerswerepresentedwithamoraldilemmaknownasthe“trainproblem”:Imaginethatatrainischargingatfivepeoplestandingonthetrack,unabletomove.Theonlywaytostopthetrainandsparethefivepeopleistopushanotherstrangeroffafootbridgeintoitspath.Costaandhiscolleaguesfoundthatposingthedilemmainalanguagethatvolunteershadlearnedasforeigntonguedramaticallyincreasedtheirwillingnesstopushthesacrificialpersonoffthefootbridge,fromfewerthan20%respondentsusingtheirnativelanguagetoabout50%ofthoseusingtheforeignone.InanotherresearchconductedbyJanetGreipel,volunteersreadactsthatmanypeoplefindimmoral,suchasstorieswheresomeonecookedandatehisdogafterithadbeenkilledbycar.Thosewhoreadthestoriesinaforeignlanguageperceivedtheseactionslesswrongthanthosewhoreadthemintheirnativetongue.Thedifferenceinthisjudgmentcomesdowntotwoseparateandcompetingthinkingpatterns—oneofthese,aquickanddirectfeeling,andtheother,carefuldeliberationaboutthegreatestgoodforthelargestnumber.Whenweuseaforeignlanguage,weunconsciouslysinkintothemoredeliberatemodesimplybecausetheeffortofoperatinginourno-nativelanguageactivatesourcognitivesystem.Thisissimilartofindingsthatreadingmathproblemsinahard-to-readtypeface(字体)makespeoplelesslikelytomakecarelessmistakes.5.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Heinveststimeinstudyinglanguage.B.Heperceiveslanguagesdifferslightly.C.Heignorestheroleofmoralconcepts.D.Hethinkslanguagesrelatetomorals.6.Howdidtheauthorprovehisviewpoint?A.Bycarefullycitingexamples.B.Bycollectingandlistingdata.C.Byconductingexperiments.D.Byanalyzingpeople’shabits.7.Whyare“mathproblems”mentioned?A.Tojustifyathinkingpattern.B.Topresentanewfinding.C.Toclarifythecognitivesystem.D.Towarnagainstmakingmistakes.8.What’sthesuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Morality:TheCoreofPeopleB.Languages:InsightsintoJudgmentsC.Languages:AShapingPowertoMoralityD.Morality:ANewWaytoLearnLanguagesCSeveralyearsago,Iwasatapre-seasonfootballpracticeatahighschoolwhereIwasworkingwiththeteamonaconcussion(脑震荡)researchproject.Theplayerswerelinedupintworowsfacingeachotherandwithlittlemoreinstructionsfromthecoachthan,“onthewhistle,hitthemanacrossfromyou”,greatconcernrushedthroughmymind.Professionalsportsgetthelion’sshareofattention,butoverthreemillionchildrenandteenagersintheUnitedStatesplaythesamegame.Thisdirectlyplacesconcussionasasignificantpublichealthconcernforall.However,fordecades,concussionhasbeenconsideredatemporaryinjurywithnolong-termconsequences.Manyathleteswilldojustaboutanythingtostayonthefieldand“playthroughthepain”asasignoftoughness.In2005,withthereleaseofthebraintissuepathology(病理学)reportofMikeWebster,aretiredNationalFootballLeagueplayer,ourthinkingonconcussionbegantoshift.Sincethen,publicattentionhasfocusedonthislinkbetweenbraininjuryandblowstothehead.Asourunderstandingofconcussionprogressedtounderstandingitssignificanceasaninjury,sotoodidthedevelopmentofplayerequipment.Intheearly1900sfootballwasplayedwithouthelmets(头盔),butsevereinjuries,likeskullfractures,ledtotheoccasionaluseofleatherhelmetsinthe1920s.Thefirstfacemaskenteredthegameinthe1950s.Modernhelmetsuseadvancedshellmaterials,havemoveablepanelstoabsorbforces,andmulti-layeredpaddingthatrespondstodifferentimpacts.Companieswillcontinuetoimprovehelmetsasnewmaterialsbecomeavailable,guidedbythenewestscience.Sportsareanimportantpartofasociety’scultureandtheygivemillionsofchildrenmuch-neededexercise.Yet,participationinanysportcarriestheinjuryrisk,andconcussionwillalwaysbepartofthat.Asthosechildrenbecomeadultsandmakesportstheirhobbyorevencareer,ensuringtheyplaysafelyatalllevelsisessential.9.Whatmadetheauthorfeelconcerned?A.Thecoach’sinexperience.B.Thephysicalconflictsamongtheplayers.C.Unawarenessofthepotentialinjuries.D.Theunpredictableoutcomeoftheproject.10.Whatdidathletesusetodowhenmeetingwithsports-relatedconcussion?A.Theytendedtoignoreit.B.Theyfeltscaredaboutit.C.Theyquitplayingimmediately.D.Theyrefusedmedicalassistance.11.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkaboutconcerningthehelmet?A.Itsgradualimprovement.B.Itswidespreadinfluence.C.Thediscoveryofitsnewmaterials.D.Thedifficultyofitsmassproduction.12.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Exerciseisvitalforchildren.B.Sportssafetycan’tbeoveremphasized.C.Noparticipationinsportsiswithoutinjuries.D.Concussionisthemostcommoninjuryinsports.Ⅱ.完形填空OnedayIwasapproachingseveralmassivecreatureswhenIcametoasuddenstop.Itwaswellbeyondmethatthesehugeanimalsshouldbelimitedbyonlysomeropes.Itwas1thattheanimalscouldeasilyescapefromthesesmallropestiedtotheirfrontlegs.However,2,theydidnot.Ispotteda3closebyandwonderedwhytheelephantsjust4wheretheywereandhadnointentiontobreakaway.

“Well,”hereplied,“asthey’revery5wetiethemwiththesame6ropeandit’senoughto7themfortheirage.Astheygrowup,they’re8toholdthebeliefthattheycanneverrunaway.Theythinktheropesareboundto9holdthem,sotheydonotstruggletobreakfree.”Iwas10.Thelargeanimalscouldeasilymoveawayfromtheir11buttheyfelttheycouldn’t,sotheywere12rightthere.

Inourlifeanumberofpeopleare13withthesamewrongself-limitingbelief—I’mnotexcellentenoughorwhytryitifI’mnotgoingto14it.However,weoughtn’tto15ourcapability,talentandpotential.Instead,weshouldbelieveinourselves.Afterall,weneedtochangewiththetimesandthinkoutsidethebox.

1.A.important B.obviousC.necessary D.hopeful2.A.atthattime B.fromthenonC.inthatcase D.forsomereason3.A.trainer B.teacherC.doctor D.businessman4.A.slept B.ateC.stood D.relaxed5.A.thin B.youngC.weak D.ill6.A.size B.colorC.style D.length7.A.attract B.trainC.cheat D.hold8.A.encouraged B.conditionedC.taught D.forced9.A.still B.evenC.just D.hardly10.A.thrilled B.interestedC.shocked D.disappointed11.A.owners B.thoughtsC.habitats D.bonds12.A.stuck B.killedC.sold D.fed13.A.laughedat B.toldoffC.broughtup D.reliedon14.A.mean B.catchC.get D.make15.A.control B.underestimateC.ignore D.developⅢ.读后续写阅读下面材料,依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。Surfingisathrillingsportthatrequiresagreatdealofskills,strength,calmanddetermination.Forteenagers,ridingthewavescanmaketheirbloodracingandisanaddictiveexperience.Thisisthestoryofoneteenager’sunforgettableadventurewhilesurfing.Alexisa16-year-oldboywhogrewupinasmallcoastaltown.Heisanenthusiasticsurferandspentmostofhisfreetimeridingthewaves.Onesunnymorning,heheadedouttothebeachtocatchsomewaves.Ashearrivedatthebeach,thesunwasshining,andthewaveswereperfect.Hegrabbedhissurfboardandpaddled(用桨划)outintothewater.Hespentthenextfewhourssurfing,andasthesunbegantoset,hedecidedtocatchonemorewavebeforeheadingbacktoshore.Alexspottedahugewaveonthehorizonandknewhehadtorideit.Hepaddledasfastashecould,feelingthewaterbeneathhimpushhimforward.Ashereachedthetopofthewave,hestooduponhisboardandfeltthewindrushpasthim.Thewavewashuge,andAlexfeltarushofexcitementasherodeittowardstheshore.Butasheapproachedtheshore,henoticedsomethingunusual.Thewaterwasmovingviolently,andhecouldhearastrangenoisecomingfrombeneathhim.Suddenly,thewavecrasheddownonhim,andhewasthrownfromhisboard.Hehitthewaterhardandwaspulledunderbythecurrent.Alexstruggledtoreachthesurfacebutfoundhimselftrappedinapowerfulcurrent.Thecurrentwaspullinghimouttosea,andhecouldfeelhimselfgettingfurtherandfurtherawayfromtheshore.Panicsetin,andhebegantofearforhislife.留意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式作答。ButAlexwasdeterminednottogiveup._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Theboatnoticedhimandheadedtowardshim.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是数字囤积、囤积的内容、囤积者的类型以及囤积的缘由等。1.B推理推断题。依据文章第一段内容可知,本文主要围绕“数字囤积”这一社会现象绽开。再结合下文内容可知,下文介绍了囤积的内容、囤积者的类型以及囤积的缘由等。由此可推知,本文主要是为了向读者介绍“数字囤积”这种现代社会中存在的现象。故选B项。2.A词义揣测题。依据画线词所在句中的“wherethingsgetcomplexandoutofcontrol”和“thatarehardtobegroupedintoonecategory”可知,miscellaneousdata指的是困难且无法限制的东西,这种东西难以归类。由此可推想出,只有数据种类繁多且混杂,才会难以把其归类。miscellaneous意为“混杂的,各种各样的”,与diverse意思最为接近。故选A项。3.D推理推断题。依据其次段Antoinette说的话中的“It’sinterestinglookingbackatthestartoftherelationshipsomanyyearsagoandwhoIwasthen,andIcanseehowtherelationshiphaschanged.”可知,Antoinette对自己存的数据有很强的感情。再依据倒数其次段中的“Finally,‘anxioushoarders’havestrongemotionaltiestotheirdataandareworriedaboutdeletingit.”可知,Antoinette属于焦虑的囤积者。故选D项。4.C推理推断题。第四段讲解并描述了作者也是一个数字囤积者,作者的三台电脑里都存满了东西。依据第四段中的“MyfirsthomescreenisfilledwithappsIuseeveryday”,“MysecondhomescreenhasappsthatIdon’tusequiteasmuch,butstillwantwithineasyreach”和“Mythirdhomescreeniswherethingsgetcomplexandoutofcontrol”可知,作者在三台电脑上囤积了很多东西,但丝毫没有为此感到苦恼,这说明他对数字囤积持容忍的看法。故选C项。【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明白作者认为语言与道德有关,列举了两个试验并对这种现象进行了总结。5.D微小环节理解题。依据前两段内容可知,作者认为语言与道德有关。故选D项。6.A推理推断题。依据第三段中的“InaresearchledbyAlbertCosta,volunteerswerepresentedwithamoraldilemmaknownasthe‘trainproblem’:Imaginethatatrainischargingatfivepeoplestandingonthetrack,unabletomove.”以及第四段中的“InanotherresearchconductedbyJanetGreipel,volunteersreadactsthatmanypeoplefindimmoral,suchasstorieswheresomeonecookedandatehisdogafterithadbeenkilledbycar.”可知,作者通过细致地引用例子证明他的观点。故选A项。7.A推理推断题。依据最终一段中的“Whenweuseaforeignlanguage,weunconsciouslysinkintothemoredeliberatemodesimplybecausetheeffortofoperatinginourno-nativelanguageactivatesourcognitivesystem.Thisissimilartofindingsthatreadingmathproblemsinahard-to-readtypefacemakespeoplelesslikelytomakecarelessmistakes.”可推知,提到“数学问题”是为一种思维模式辩护。故选A项。8.C标题归纳题。文章主要说明白作者认为语言与道德有关,列举了两个试验并对这种现象进行了总结。由此可知,C选项“语言:一种塑造道德的力气”最适合作文章标题。故选C项。【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲解并描述运动中的平安问题,以脑震荡为例,由一起先的忽视到后来得到重视的过程,以此来告知我们运动中平安问题至关重要。9.C推理推断题。依据第一段“Severalyearsago,Iwas...greatconcernrushedthroughmymind.”可知,作者当时正与球队一起进行脑震荡探讨项目,而教练嘱咐队员去打对面的人,由此可推断出,作者确定是担忧教练没有意识到其中潜在的损害。10.A微小环节理解题。依据第三段的“However,fordecades,...tostayonthefieldand‘playthroughthepain’asasignoftoughness.”可知,以前,运动员在遇到与运动相关的脑震荡时往往会忽视它。故选A项。11.A主旨大意题。依据第四段“Intheearly1900sfootball...improvehelmetsasnewmaterialsbecomeavailable,guidedbythenewestscience.”可知,该段主要是说运动员所戴头盔的改进与变更。12.B推理推断题。依据文章的最终两句“Yet,participationinanysport...playsafelyatalllevelsisessential.”可以推断出,运动平安怎么强调都不为过。故选B项。Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章结合作者看到大象被细绳绑住但不逃脱的缘由的说明,提到了生活中也有一些类似的人,他们低估自己的实力、才能和潜力,认为自己不会胜利。最终作者指出,我们应当信任自己,须要与时俱进,跳出思维定式。1.B依据上文“thesehugeanimalsshouldbelimitedbyonlysomeropes”可知,对于大型动物而言,轻松地从束缚它们的细绳逃脱是自不待言的。2.D结合上文“theanimalscouldeasilyescapefromthesesmallropestiedtotheirfrontlegs”及“theydidnot”可知,这些大型动物摆脱束缚它们脚的绳