2023年全国翻译三级真题

真题2023年的三级笔译Section1English-ChineseTranslation(50points)TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Thismonth,theUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammadewaterandsanitationthecenterpieceofitsflagshippublication,theHumanDevelopmentReport.Claimsofa"waterapartheid,"wherepoorpeoplepaymoreforwaterthantherich,areboundtoattractattention.Butwhataretheeconomicsbehindtheproblem,andhowcanitbefixed?Incountriesthathavetroubledeliveringcleanwatertotheirpeople,alackofinfrastructureisoftentheculprit.Peopleinareasthatarenotservedbypublicutilitieshavetorelyoncostlierwaysofgettingwater,suchasitinerantwatertrucksandtrekstowells.Paradoxically,asthewatersourcesgetcostlier,thewateritselftendstobemoredangerous.Waterpipedbyutilities-totherichandthepooralike-isusuallycleanerthanwatertruckedinorcollectedfromanoutdoortank.Theproblemexistsnotonlyinruralareasbuteveninbigcities,saidHakanBjorkman,programdirectoroftheUNagencyinThailand.Further,subsidiesmadetolocalwatersystemsoftenendupbenefitingpeopleotherthanthepoor,headded.Theagencyproposesathree-stepsolution.First,makeaccessto20liters,or5gallons,ofcleanwateradayahumanright.Next,makelocalgovernmentsaccountablefordeliveringthisservice.Last,investininfrastructuretolinkpeopletowatermains.Thereportsaysgovernments,especiallyindevelopingcountries,shouldspendatleast1percentofgrossdomesticproductonwaterandsanitation.Italsorecommendsthatforeignaidbemoredirectedtowardtheseproblems.Clearly,thisapproachreliesheavilyongovernmentintervention,somethingBjorkmanreadilyacknowledged.Buttherearesomemarket-basedapproachesaswell.Byofferingcut-rateconnectionstopoorpeopletothewatermainline,theprivatewaterutilityinAbidjan,Peoplewhoreceivecleanwateraremuchlesslikelytodiefromwater-bornediseases-acommonmaladyinthedevelopingworld-andmuchmorelikelytoenjoylong,productive,taxpayinglivesthatcanbenefittheirhostcountries.Soifagovernmentistryingtoraisefinancingtoinvestinnewinfrastructure,itmightfindreceptiveearsinprivatecreditmarkets-aslongasitcanharnessthereturn.Similarly,privatecompaniesmaycalculatethatitisworthbringingcleanwatertoanareaifitsresidentsarewillingtopaybacktheinvestmentovermanyyears.Inthemeantime,somelocalsolutionsarebeingfound.InThailand,Bjorkmansaid,somesmallcommunitiesaretakingchallengeslikewateraccessuponthemselves."Peopleorganizethemselvesingroupstoleveragewhatlittleresourcestheyhavetohelptheircommunities,"hesaid."That'sespeciallytrueoutintheruralareas.Theyinvesttheirmoneyinrevolvingfundsandsavingschemes,andtheyinvestthemselvestoimprovetheirvillages."Itisnotalwayseasytotakethesesolutionsandreplicatetheminothercountries,though.Assemblingabroadmenuofdifferentapproachescanbethefirststepinfindingtherightsolutionforagivenregionorcountry.出处：Section2Chinese-EnglishTranslation(50points)TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.即使碰到丰收年景，对中国来说，要用世界百分之七的耕地养活全球五分之一的人口仍是一项艰巨的任务。中国政府面临许多挑战，最严峻的挑战之一就是耕地流失。过去几年中，平均每年有66.7万公顷耕地被城市扩建、工业发展以及公路建设工程占用，另有1万平方公里的耕地被沙漠吞噬。中国北方地区地下水位下降，农民不得不改种耐旱、地产作物，甚至撂荒。同时，农业基础设施损耗严重，三分之二的灌溉设施需要整修。由于农民为增长收入而改种经济作物，农业生产方式正在转变。过去十几年，全国水果和蔬菜种植面积平均每年增长130万公顷。因此，水稻、玉米及小麦产量急剧下降。中国已由粮食净出口国变为粮食净进口国。中国政府把农业改革视为头等大事，投入大量资金用于提高小麦和稻米的收购价以及改善农田灌溉基础设施。近年来，农产品的价格稳步上升，中国政府采用此项措施以提高农民种粮的积极性。2023年11月三级笔译实务真题Section

1：

English-Chinese

Translation

(50points)Stroll

through

the

farmers’

market

and

you

will

heara

plethora

of

languages

and

see

a

rainbow

offaces.

Drive

down

Canyon

Road

and

stop

for

halalmeat

or

Filipino

pork

belly

at

adjacent

markets.Along

the

highway,

browse

the

aisles

of

a

giant

Asian

supermarket

stocking

fresh

napa

cabbageand

mizuna

or

fresh

kimchi.

Head

toward

downtown

and

you’ll

see

loncheras

—

taco

trucks

—on

street

corners

and

hear

Spanish

bandamusic.

On

the

city’s

northern

edge,

you

can

sampleIndian

chaat.Welcome

to

Beaverton,

a

Portland

suburb

that

is

home

to

Oregon’s

fastest

growing

immigrantpopulation.

Once

a

rural

community,

Beaverton,

population

87,000,

is

now

the

sixth

largestcity

in

Oregon

—

with

immigration

rates

higher

than

those

of

Portland,

OregonBest

known

as

the

world

headquarters

for

athletic

shoe

company

Nike,

Beaverton

has

changeddramatically

over

the

past

40

years.

Settled

by

immigrants

from

northern

Europe

in

the

19thcentury,

today

it

is

a

place

where

80

languages

from

Albanian

to

Urdu

are

spoken

in

the

publicschools

and

about

30

percent

of

students

speak

a

language

besides

English,

according

toEnglish

as

a

Second

Language

program

director

Wei

Wei

Lou.Beaverton’s

wave

of

new

residents

began

arriving

in

the

1960s,

with

Koreans

and

Tejanos(Texans

of

Mexican

origin),

who

were

the

first

permanent

Latinos.

In

1960,

Beaverton’spopulation

of

Latinos

and

Asians

was

less

than

0.3

percent.

By

2023,

Beaverton

hadproportionately

more

Asian

and

Hispanic

residents

than

the

Portland

metro

area.

Today,

Asianscomprise

10

percent

and

Hispanics

11

percent

of

Beaverton’s

population.Mayor

Denny

Doyle

says

that

many

in

Beaverton

view

the

immigrants

who

are

rapidly

reshapingBeaverton

as

a

source

of

enrichment.“Citizens

here

especially

in

the

arts

and

culturecommunity

think

it’s

fantastic

that

we

have

all

these

different

possibilities

here,”

he

says.Gloria

Vargas,50,

a

Salvadoran

immigrant,

owns

a

popular

small

restaurant,

Gloria’s

SecretCafé,

in

downtown

Beaverton.“I

love

Beaverton,”

she

says.“I

feel

like

I

belong

here.”

Hermother

moved

her

to

Los

Angeles

as

a

teenager

in

1973,

and

she

moved

Oregon

in

1979.

Shelanded

a

coveted

vendor

spot

in

the

Beaverton

Farmers

Market

in

1999.

Now

in

addition

torunning

her

restaurant,

she

has

one

of

the

most

popular

stalls

there,

selling

up

to

200Salvadoran

tamales

—

wrapped

in

banana

leaves

rather

than

corn

husks

—

each

Saturday.“Once

they

buy

my

food,

they

always

come

back

for

more,”

she

says.“It’s

pretty

relaxed

here,”

says

Taj

Suleyman,28,

born

and

raised

in

Lebanon,

and

recentlytransplanted

to

Beaverton

to

start

a

job

working

with

immigrants

from

many

countries.

HalfMiddle

Eastern

and

half

African,

Suleyman

says

he

was

attracted

to

Beaverton

specificallybecause

of

its

diversity.

He

serves

on

a

city-sponsored

Diversity

Task

Force

set

up

by

MayorDoyle.Mohammed

Haque,

originally

from

Bangladesh,

finds

Beaverton

very

welcoming.

His

daughter,he

boasts,

was

even

elected

her

high

school’s

homecoming

queen.South

Asians

such

as

Haque

have

transformed

Bethany,

a

neighborhood

north

of

Beaverton.It

is

dense

with

immigrants

from

Gujarat,

a

state

in

India

and

primary

source

for

the

first

waveof

Beaverton’s

South

Asian

immigrants.The

first

wave

of

South

Asian

immigrants

to

Beaverton,

mostly

Gujaratis

from

India,

arrived

inthe

1960s

and

1970s,

when

the

motel

and

hotel

industry

was

booming.

Many

bought

smallhotels

and

originally

settled

in

Portland,

and

then

relocated

to

Beaverton

for

better

schools

andbigger

yards.

The

second

wave

of

South

Asians

arrived

during

the

high-tech

boom

of

the1980s,

when

the

software

industry,

and

Intel

and

Tektronix,

really

took

off.Many

of

Beaverton’s

Asians

converge

at

Uwajimaya,

a

30,000-square-foot

supermarket

nearcentral

Beaverton.

Bernie

Capell,

former

special

events

coordinator

at

Uwajimaya,

says

thatmany

come

to

shop

for

fresh

produce

every

day.

But

the

biggest

group

of

shoppers

atUwajimaya,

she

adds,

are

Caucasians.Beaverton’s

Asian

population

boasts

a

sizable

number

of

Koreans,

who

began

to

arrive

in

thelate

1960s

and

early

1970s.According

to

Ted

Chung,

a

native

of

Korea

and

Beaverton

resident

since

1978,

three

thingsstand

out

about

his

fellow

Korean

immigrants.

Upon

moving

to

Beaverton,

they

join

a

Christianchurch

—

often

Methodist

or

Presbyterian

—

as

a

gathering

place;

they

push

their

children

toexcel

in

school;

and

they

shun

the

spotlight.Chung

says

he

and

his

fellow

Korean

émigrés

work

hard

as

small

businessmen

—

owninggroceries,

dry

cleaners,

laundromats,

delis,

and

sushi

shops

—

and

are

frugal

so

they

can

sendtheir

children

to

a

leading

university.Most

recently,

immigrants

from

Central

and

South

America,

as

well

as

refugees

from

Iraq

andSomalia,

have

joined

the

Beaverton

community.Many

Beaverton

organizations

help

immigrants.The

Beaverton

Resource

Center

helps

all

immigrants

with

health

and

literacy

services.

TheSomali

Family

Education

Center

helps

Somalis

and

other

African

refugees

to

get

settled.Historically

white

churches,

such

as

Beaverton

First

United

Methodist

Church,

offer

immigrationministries.Beaverton’s

Mayor

Doyle

wants

refugee

and

immigrant

leaders

to

participate

in

the

town’sdecision-making.

He

set

up

a

Diversity

Task

Force

whose

mission

is

“to

build

inclusive

andequitable

communities

in

the

City

of

Beaverton.”

The

task

force

is

working

to

create

amulticultural

community

center

for

Beavertonians

of

all

backgrounds.The

resources

and

warm

welcome

that

Beaverton

gives

immigrants

are

reciprocated

in

theaffection

that

many

express

for

their

new

home.Kaltun

Caynan,40,

a

Somali

woman

who

came

to

Beaverton

in

2023

fleeing

civil

war,

is

anoutreach

coordinator

for

the

Somali

Family

Education

Center.“I

like

it

so

much,”

she

said,cheerfully.“Nobody

discriminate[Section

1：英译汉（50分）漫步走过农贸市场，你会听到各种语言，见到各式各样的面孔。沿峡谷路开下去，在邻近的各种市场，你可以买到清真食品或菲律宾五花猪肉。在高速公路两旁，逛逛巨大的亚裔超市，其中陈列着新鲜的中国大白菜和京都水菜或者新鲜的韩国泡菜。向着市区开去，在街角会看到卖墨西哥煎玉米卷的卡车，听到西班牙风格的班达音乐。在城市的北边，你则可以品尝到印度菜。欢迎来到波特兰市郊的比弗顿！这里有着俄勒冈州增长最快的移民群体。人口87000的比弗顿，一度是个农业区，如今成为俄勒冈第六大城市——并且移民比例高于俄勒冈州最大城市波特兰。比弗顿最为人知的是，它是耐克运动鞋公司全球总部所在地。过去40年来这里发生了巨大变化。据英语作第二语言项目主管罗未未说，比弗顿在十九世纪的定居者是北欧移民，现在公立学校学生中讲从阿尔巴尼亚语到乌尔都语的80种语言，大约30%的学生会使用英语以外的一种语言。比弗顿在1960年代迎来第一波新居民潮，先是韩国人和提加洛人（原籍墨西哥的德克萨斯人）——后者是第一批拉美裔永久居民。1960年，比弗顿的拉美裔和亚裔人口不到0.3%。到2023年，比弗顿的亚裔和拉美裔人口比例超过波特兰都市区。今天，亚裔占比弗顿人口的10%，拉美裔占11%。市长丹尼·道尔说，在比弗顿的许多人看来，迅速重塑比弗顿的移民让生活变得丰富。他说：“这里的市民，特别艺术和文化圈人士，认为此地拥有种种不同的也许性，实在非常美妙。”现年50岁的格洛丽亚·巴尔加斯是萨尔瓦多移民，在比弗顿市区拥有一家生意红火的小餐馆——格洛丽亚秘密餐馆。她说：“我爱比弗顿。我感到我属于这里。”1973年，在她十来岁时，母亲把她带到洛杉矶，她在1979年搬到比弗顿。1999年，她在比弗顿农贸市场拿到一个令人垂涎的摊位。现在除了打理餐馆以外，她在那里有一个最受欢迎的小摊，每个星期六卖出多达200份萨尔瓦多玉米粉蒸肉——用香蕉叶而不是玉米皮包装。她说：“他们一旦买过我的食品，总会再回头。”28岁的泰基·苏雷曼在黎巴嫩出生长大，近期迁到比弗顿，开始为来自许多国家的移民服务。他说：“这里的气氛很轻松。”苏雷曼有一半中东血统，一半非洲血统。他说，比弗顿的多元化对他特别有吸引力。他在道尔市长设立由市府赞助的多元特别工作组供职。原籍孟加拉的穆罕默德·哈克，感觉比弗顿很欢迎外来者。他自豪地说，他的女儿甚至当选为所就读高中的返校节皇后。哈克和一批南亚人则改变了比弗顿北边的贝瑟尼社区的面貌。这个区住着很多来自印度古吉拉特邦的移民，比弗顿第一波南亚移民重要来自那里。在1960和1970年代汽车旅馆和旅馆业兴盛时期，第一波南亚移民到达比弗顿，他们重要来自印度的古吉拉特邦。许多人买下小旅馆，起初在波特兰安家，后来搬到比弗顿寻求更好的学校和更大的院子。第二波南亚移民在1980年代的高科技繁荣期到来，当时软件业和英特尔及泰克欣欣向荣。市中心附近一家占地30000平方英尺的超市宇和岛屋成为比弗顿亚裔居民的汇聚地。曾任宇和岛屋特别活动协调人的伯尼·卡佩尔说，天天都有许多人来购买新鲜农产品。但是她说，宇和岛屋最大的购物群体是白人。弗顿的亚裔人口当中有相称数量的韩国人，他们在1960年代后期和1970年代初期开始搬到这里。比据1978年来比弗顿定居的韩国人特德·钟说，他这样的韩国移民有三个特点：一搬到比弗顿他们便加入基督教会——经常是卫理教会或长老教会，以此作为聚集地；他们督促孩子在学校取得优异成绩；他们行事低调。钟说他和其他韩国移民作为小公司主辛勤工作，经营食品店、干洗店、洗衣房、熟食店和寿司店，并且为能供孩子上一流大学而生活节俭。最近，中南美洲移民以及伊拉克和索马里难民也加入了比弗顿社群。比弗顿有很多组织为移民提供帮助。比弗顿资源中心帮助所有移民获得医疗和语言服务。索马里家庭教育中心帮助索马里和其他非洲难民安家落户。比弗顿的一所小学甚至提出“缝合”设想——学生的家长在一起缝衣，以此欢迎索马里班图族家长，弥合巨大的文化差异。历史上是白人教会的比弗顿第一联合卫理睬教会等教会，现在提供移民牧师服务。所有教区的比弗顿教堂提供朝鲜语或西班牙语服务。比弗顿市长道尔希望难民和移民领袖参与本市的决策。他设立了多元特别工作组，使命是“在比弗顿市构建包容和公平的社区”。特别工作组正努力打造面向所有背景的比弗顿人的跨文化社区中心。比弗顿为移民提供的资源和热情欢迎与众多市民对自己新家表露的感情交相辉映。现年40岁、来自索马里的卡尔顿·凯南，在2023年逃离内战来到比弗顿，目前担任索马里家庭教育中心拓展协调员。她快乐地说：“我很喜欢这里。没有人歧视我，每个人都对我微笑。”A

Melting

Greenland

Weighs

Perils

Against

Potential全球变暖对格陵兰是福是祸？By

ELISABETH

ROSENTHAL

October

08,2023ELISABETH

ROSENTHAL

报道2023年10月08日NARSAQ,

Greenland

—

As

icebergs

in

the

KayakHarbor

pop

and

hiss

while

melting

away,this

remoteArctic

town

and

its

culture

are

also

disappearing

in

achanging

climate.格陵兰岛纳萨克——随着皮艇港(Kayak

Harbor)的冰山在融化过程中发出嘶嘶的响声，这座偏远的北极小镇和它的文化，也正在随着气候变化而消失。Narsaq’s

largest

employer,

a

shrimp

factory,

closed

a

few

years

ago

after

the

crustaceans

flednorth

to

cooler

water.

Where

once

there

were

eight

commercial

fishing

vessels,

there

is

nowone.纳萨克最大的用工公司，一家虾厂，几年前倒闭了，因素是虾蟹都逃往了北方更寒冷的水域。这里曾一度有八艘商业捕鱼船，现在只剩一艘了。As

a

result,

the

population

here,

one

of

southern

Greenland’s

major

towns,

has

been

halvedto

1,500

in

just

a

decade.

Suicides

are

up.因此，作为格陵兰岛南部重要城乡之一，纳萨克的人口在短短十年中降至1500人，减少了一半。自杀率也出现上升。Andrew

Testa

for

The

New

York

Times格陵兰岛的一个渔民驾船驶过正在融化的冰山。“Fishing

is

the

heart

of

this

town,”

said

Hans

Kaspersen,63,

a

fisherman.“Lots

of

people

havelost

their

livelihoods.”“捕鱼是这个小镇的核心。”今年63岁的渔民汉斯?卡斯佩森(Hans

Kaspersen)说，“很多人失去了生计。”But

even

as

warming

temperatures

are

upending

traditional

Greenlandic

life,

they

are

alsooffering

up

intriguing

new

opportunities

for

this

state

of

57,000—

perhaps

nowhere

more

sothan

here

in

Narsaq.尽管逐渐升高的气温正在颠覆着格陵兰人传统的生活方式，但是气温升高也为这个只有5.7万人的国家提供了有趣的新机遇，这种机遇在纳萨克也许最为明显。Vast

new

deposits

of

minerals

and

gems

are

being

discovered

as

Greenland’s

massive

ice

caprecedes,

forming

the

basis

of

a

potentially

lucrative

mining

industry.随着格陵兰岛广袤的冰盖逐渐消融，人们发现了储量丰富的新矿产和宝石，这为潜在利润巨大的采矿业奠定了基础。One

of

the

world’s

largest

deposits

of

rare

earth

metals

—

essential

for

manufacturingcellphones,

wind

turbines

and

electric

cars

—

sits

just

outside

Narsaq.全球最大的稀土金属矿藏就坐落在纳萨克城外不远处，稀土金属在生产手机、风力涡轮机和电动汽车时必不可少。This

could

be

momentous

for

Greenland,

which

has

long

relied

on

half

a

billion

dollars

a

year

inwelfare

payments

from

Denmark,

its

parent

state.

Mining

profits

could

help

Greenland

becomeeconomically

self

sufficient

and

render

it

the

first

sovereign

nation

created

by

global

warming.对格陵兰岛而言，这也许具有重大意义。很长时间以来，格陵兰岛一直依赖其母国丹麦每年拨付的5亿美元资金支持维持运营。采矿利润也许会帮助格陵兰岛实现经济上的自给自足，成为第一个因全球变暖而成立的主权国家。“One

of

our

goals

is

to

obtain

independence,”

said

Vittus

Qujaukitsoq,

a

prominent

laborunion

leader.知名工会领袖维图斯?奎奥基茨克(Vittus

Qujaukitsoq)说，“我们的目的之一是取得独立。”But

the

rapid

transition

from

a

society

of

individual

fishermen

and

hunters

to

an

economysupported

by

corporate

mining

raises

difficult

questions.

How

would

Greenland’s

insularsettlements

tolerate

an

influx

of

thousands

of

Polish

or

Chinese

construction

workers,

as

hasbeen

proposed?

Will

mining

despoil

a

natural

environment

essential

to

Greenland’s

nationalidentity

—

the

whales

and

seals,

the

silent

icy

fjords,

and

mythic

polar

bears?

Can

fishermanreinvent

themselves

as

miners?然而，把一个由个体渔民和猎人组成的社会，迅速转变为由公司采矿支撑的经济体，也引发了一些难题。比如，格陵兰岛上与世隔绝的定居点，如何承受计划招徕的数千名波兰或中国建筑工人？采矿是否会破坏格陵兰岛的国家形象（鲸、海豹、寂静的冰川海湾，以及神秘的北极熊）所不可或缺的自然环境？渔民们可以把自身重塑成矿工吗？“I

think

mining

will

be

the

future,

but

this

is

a

difficult

phase,”

said

Jens

B.

Frederiksen,Greenland’s

housing

and

infrastructure

minister

and

a

deputy

premier.“It’s

a

plan

that

noteveryone

wants.

It’s

about

traditions,

the

freedom

of

a

boat,

family

professions.”“我认为采矿就是我们的未来，但现在是一个艰难的阶段。”格陵兰住房与基础设施部长、副总理延斯?B?佛雷德利克森(Jens

B.

Frederiksen)说，“这并不是一个所有人都赞成的计划，它会涉及传统、驾船的自由，以及代代相传的职业。”The

Arctic

is

warming

even

faster

than

other

parts

of

the

planet,

and

the

rapidly

melting

ice

iscausing

alarm

among

scientists

about

sea-level

rise.

In

northeastern

Greenland,

average

yearlytemperature

have

risen

4.5

degrees

in

the

past

15

years,

and

scientists

predict

the

area

couldwarm

by

14

to

21

degrees

by

the

end

of

the

century.北极变暖的速度比地球上其他任何地方都快，而迅速融化的冰川引起了科学家对海平面上升的警惕。过去2023中，格陵兰岛东北部的年均气温上升了4.5度。而科学家预测，到本世纪末，该地区气温会升高14至21度。Already,

winter

pack

ice

that

covers

the

fjords

is

no

longer

stable

enough

for

dog

sledding

andsnowmobile

traffic

in

many

areas.

Winter

fishing,

essential

to

feeding

families,

is

becominghazardous

or

impossible.在很多地区，冬季覆盖在峡湾里的浮冰已经不够稳固，狗拉雪橇和摩托雪橇都无法通行了。冬季捕鱼是为很多家庭提供食物的重要手段，但现在却变得很危险，甚至不也许了。It

has

long

been

known

that

Greenland

sat

upon

vast

mineral

lodes,

and

the

Danishgovernment

has

mapped

them

intermittently

for

decades.

Niels

Bohr,

Denmark’s

Nobel

Prize-winning

nuclear

physicist

and

a

member

of

the

Manhattan

Project,

visited

Narsaq

in

1957because

of

its格陵兰岛地下蕴藏着巨大的矿藏这一点久为人知。几十年来，丹麦政府已经断断续续地绘制了这些矿藏的分布图。参与过曼哈顿计划(Manhattan

Project)的丹麦核物理学家、诺贝尔奖得主尼尔斯?玻尔(Niels

Bohr)曾在1957年造访纳萨克，因素是这里有铀矿藏。But

previous

attempts

at

mining

mostly

failed,

proving

too

expensive

in

the

inclementconditions.

Now,

warming

has

altered

the

equation.然而，之前的开采尝试几乎都失败了，事实证明在严酷的环境下采矿，成本过于高昂。如今，气候变暖让这个等式发生了变化。Greenland’s

Bureau

of

Minerals

and

Petroleum,

charged

with

managing

the

boom,

currently

has150

active

licenses

for

mineral

exploration,

up

from

20

a

decade

ago.

Altogether,

companiesspent

$100

million

exploring

Greenland’s

deposits

last

year,

and

several

are

applying

for

licensesto

begin

construction

on

new

mines,

bearing

gold,

iron

and

zinc

and

rare

earths.

There

arealso

foreign

companies

exploring

for

offshore

oil.负责对开发热潮进行管理的格陵兰矿产与石油管理局(Bureau

of

Minerals

and

Petroleum)目前发放的有效的矿产勘探许可证有150份，而十年前仅为20份。去年，各公司总计投入了1亿美元用于勘探格陵兰岛的矿藏。有几家公司正在申请在新矿藏进行建设的许可证。这些新矿蕴藏着金、铁、锌和稀土。也有一些外国公司在勘探近海石油。“For

me,

I

wouldn’t

mind

if

the

whole

ice

cap

disappears,”

said

Ole

Christiansen,

the

chiefexecutive

of

NunamMinerals,

Greenland’s

largest

homegrown

mining

company,

as

he

picked

hisway

along

a

proposed

gold

mining

site

up

the

fjord

from

Nuuk,

Greenland’s

capital.“As

it

melts,we’re

seeing

new

places

with

very

attractive

geology.”“就我而言，我不介意整个冰盖都消失。”格陵兰岛最大的本土矿业公司NunamMinerals首席执行官奥勒?克里斯蒂安森(Ole

Christiansen)说。他正从格陵兰岛首都努克沿着峡湾前往一处建议的金矿开采地。“随着冰盖的融化，我们看到了地貌特性更引人入胜的新地方。”The

Black

Angel

lead

and

zinc

mine,

which

closed

in

1990,

is

applying

to

reopen

this

year,

saidJorgen

T.

Hammeken-Holm,

who

oversees

licensing

at

the

country’s

mining

bureau,“becausethe

ice

is

in

retreat

and

you’re

getting

much

more

to

explore.”在格陵兰矿务局负责许可证发放的官员约尔延?T?哈梅肯-霍尔姆(Jorgen

T.

Hammeken-Holm)表达，1990年关停的黑天使(Black

Angel)铅锌矿，正在申请今年重新开矿。她说，“由于冰川正在消退，可供勘探的地方越来越多了。”The

Greenlandic

government

hopes

that

mining

will

provide

new

revenue.

In

granting

Greenlandhome

rule

in

2023,

Denmark

froze

its

annual

subsidy,

which

is

scheduled

to

be

decreasedfurther

in

the

coming

years.格陵兰政府希望采矿能带来新的收入。2023年，丹麦允许格陵兰实行地方自治，并将冻结给格陵兰岛拨付的年度补贴。根据安排，补贴金额会在接下来的几年里进一步减少。Here

in

Narsaq,

a

collection

of

brightly

painted

homes

bordered

by

spectacular

fjords,

twoforeign

companies

are

applying

to

the

government

for

permission

to

mine.在纳萨克本地，一片房屋涂着明亮的颜色，不远处就是壮观的峡湾。两家外国公司正在向政府申请采矿许可。“This

is

huge;

we

could

be

mining

this

for

the

next

100

years,”

said

Eric

Sondergaard,

ageologist

with

the

Australian-owned

company

Greenland

Minerals

and

Energy,

who

was

on

theoutskirts

of

Narsaq

one

day

recently,

picking

at

rocks

on

a

moon-like

plateau

rich

with

anestimated

10.5

million

tons

of

rare

earth

ore.澳大利亚所有的格陵兰矿产和能源公司(Greenland

Minerals

and

Energy)的地质学家埃里克?森诺高(EricSondergaard)前不久说，“这儿储藏丰富，我们也许未来12023都会在这里采矿。”当时，他正在纳萨克郊外一个月亮型的高原上反复检查岩石。据估计，这个高原蕴藏着1050万吨稀土矿石。That

proximity

promises

employment,

and

the

company

is

already

schooling

some

young

menin

drilling

and

in

English,

the

international

language

of

mine

operations.

It

plans

to

build

aprocessing

plant,

a

new

port

and

more

roads.(Greenland

currently

has

none

outside

of

settledareas.)

Narsaq’s

tiny

airport,

previously

threatened

with

closure

from

lack

of

traffic,

could

beexpanded.

A

local

landlord

is

contemplating

converting

an

abandoned

apartment

block

into

ahotel由于临近矿藏，采矿业在这里提供了就业机会。这家公司已经开始教一些年轻人钻孔和英语了。英语是采矿作业使用的国际语言。公司计划修建一座加工厂和一座新港口，还打算多修些公路。（目前，在格陵兰岛上的定居点以外还没有公路。）纳萨克那个小机场过去由于旅客太少，差一点被关闭，但现在也许还会扩建。本地的一名房东正盘算着把一处闲置的公寓楼改导致旅馆。“There

will

be

a

lot

of

people

coming

from

outside

and

that

will

be

a

big

challenge

sinceGreenlandic

culture

has

been

isolated,”

said

Jasper

Schroder,

a

student

home

in

Narsaq

fromuniversity

in

Denmark.在丹麦一所大学就读的大学生雅斯佩尔?施罗德(Jasper

Schroder)家在纳萨克，他说，“会有很多外国人来，由于格陵兰岛的文化一直都很孤立，这会是一个很大的挑战。”Still,

he

supports

the

mine

and

hopes

it

will

provide

jobs

and

stem

the

rash

of

suicides,particularly

among

his

peers;

Greenland

has

one

of

the

highest

suicide

rates

in

the

world.“People

in

this

culture

don’t

want

to

be

a

burden

to

their

families

if

they

can’t

contribute,”

hesaid.但他还是支持采矿，并且希望采矿业能提供工作机会，遏止草率的自杀事件，特别是他的同龄人的自杀。格陵兰是全世界自杀率最高的地方之一。他说，“生活在这种文化中的人，假如不能为家庭做出奉献，就不想成为家人的承担。”But

not

all

are

convinced

of

the

benefits

of

mining.“Of

course

the

mine

will

help

the

localeconomy

and

will

help

Greenland,

but

I’m

not

so

sure

if

it

will

be

good

for

us,”

said

DorotheaRodgaard,

who

runs

a

local

guesthouse.“We

are

worried

about

the

loss

of

nature.”然而，不是所有人都相信采矿会带来好处。在本地经营着一家家庭旅馆的多罗特娅?罗德高(DorotheaRodgaard)说，“当然，采矿会有助于本地的经济，也有助于格陵兰，但它是否对我们有利，我就不是那么拟定了。我们紧张自然环境的损失。”2023年阅读理解p

until

now,

Disney’s

foray

into

China

has

beenanything

but

magical.

Its

Hong

Kong

theme

park,opened

in

2023,

has

had

a

bumpy

ride

due

to

earlymissteps

and

competition

—

in

its

first

year,attendance

fell

400,000

short

of

an

initial

5.6

milliontarget.

The

following

year,

the

number

of

visitorsdropped

to

4

million.

To

add

insult

to

injury,

thecompany

in

2023

discovered

an

amusement

parknear

Beijing

that

was

filled

with

knockoff

Disneycharacters.

But

you

don’t

throw

in

the

towel

in

a

market

with

1.3

billion

potential

customers.

Aftermore

than

a

decade

of

negotiations,

Disney

has

received

clearance

to

build

its

secondDisneyland

in

China,

this

one

in

Shanghai.

The

company

announced

on

Tuesday

that

China’stop

planning

agency

had

approved

plans

to

build

the

new

theme

park,

which

will

join

theexisting

parks

in

Anaheim,

Calif.;

Orlando,

Fla.,

Tokyo,

Paris

and

Hong

Kong.

Disney

officials

wouldn’t

say

when

the

park

will

open

or

how

much

it

will

cost.

The

companystated

in

a

press

release

that

the

Shanghai

park

will

include

"characteristics

tailored

to

theShanghai

region,"

but

a

spokesperson

declined

to

elaborate

on

what

types

of

rides

orattractions

might

be

on

offer.

The

Shanghai

government

has

already

reserved

an

estimated1,000

acres

near

Shanghai’s

international

airport

in

the

city’s

Pudong

district.

Some

speculate

that

the

Chinese

government’s

sudden

announcement

that

Disney

couldgo

ahead

may

be

timed

to

precede

U.S.

President

Barack

Obama’s

first

visit

to

China

Nov.15-18,

which

will

include

a

stop

in

Shanghai."It’s

a

huge

investment,"

says

Shaun

Rein,

managingdirector

of

China

Market

Research

Group

in

Shanghai."By

allowing

this

now,

it

gives

face

toObama

and

really

shows

that

China

and

the

U.S.

need

to

work

together

to

get

out

of

thisfinancial

malaise."

Although

theme

parks

made

up

less

than

a

third

of

Disney’s

total

revenue

of

$38

billion

lastyear,

Shanghai

Disneyland

still

figures

to

be

a

key

addition

to

the

business

because

it

willboost

the

company’s

visibility

in

one

of

the

world’s

fastest-growing

markets.

Due

togovernment

rules

aimed

at

protecting

the

public

from

what

are

perceived

to

be

unwelcomeforeign

cultural

influences,

awareness

of

the

Disney

brand

in

China

lags

that

of

the

rest

of

theworld.

Unlike

in

the

U.S.,

where

Disney

operates

a

24-hour

TV

channel

and

radio

station,

thecompany’s

presence

in

China

is

limited

to

a

dozen

hours

of

programming

a

week

on

localstations,

five

Disney-branded

English-language

schools

in

Shanghai

and

sales

of

Disneymerchandise.

In

the

past

two

years,

Disney

has

produced

two

children’s

films

for

themainland,

The

Magic

Gourd

and

Trail

of

the

Panda.

China

limits

the

number

of

foreign

films

thatare

allowed

to

screen

in

theaters

to

20

a

year.

The

approval

for

park

construction

comes

amid

China’s

ongoing

efforts

to

develop

itstourism

sector,

which

is

expected

to

increase

3%

this

year.

As

disposable

income

in

thecountry

grows,

amusement

parks

have

proliferated

throughout

the

country

—

by

someestimates

there

are

as

many

as

2,000—

but

the

quality

of

the

attractions

is

uneven.

Earlierthis

year,

a

sex-themed

park

in

the

central

Chinese

city

of

Chongqing

called

Love

Land

was

torndown

before

it

could

open

to

the

public.

Shanghai,

however,

could

be

on

the

verge

of

a

tourismboom.

The

city

will

host

the

World

Expo

starting

in

May

2023.

Since

mainland

Chinese

make

up

a

third

of

visitors

to

Hong

Kong

Disneyland,

some

fearthat

the

Shanghai

park

will

siphon

tourists

away

from

the

former

British

colony,

which

is

partof

China

but

has

a

semi-autonomous

government

(mainland

tourists

must

obtain

visas

to

visitHong

Kong).

Since

opening

four

years

ago,

Hong

Kong

Disneyland

has

underperformed

due

toits

small

size

—

at

300

acres,

it’s

the

smallest

of

any

Disney

park

—

as

well

as

high

ticket

pricesand

competition

from

a

nimble

competitor

called

Ocean

Park.

Disney

has

also

made

several

market

miscalculations.

Analysts

say

the

company,

in

tryingnot

to

make

the

same

mistakes

it

did

at

its

Paris

resort

by

failing

to

tailor

the

Disney

formulato

local

tastes,

may

have

gone

overboard

in

its

efforts

to

adapt

the

Hong

Kong

venue

toChinese

customers.

For

example,

the

park’s

restaurants

originally

planned

to

serve

shark’s

finsoup,

a

Chinese

delicacy,

until

environmentalists

protested.

But

the

biggest

knock

againstHong

Kong

Disneyland

—

of

which

the

Hong

Kong

government

owns

57%—

is

a

lack

ofattractions.

In

July,

Disney

and

the

government

moved

to

remedy

that

problem

by

announcingthat

three

new

attractions

would

be

added

over

the

next

five

years.

Disney

officials

dismissed

concerns

that

a

new

park

in

Shanghai

will

steal

Hong

Kongcustomers."We

see

that

Hong

Kong

Disneyland

and

the

Shanghai

park

as

complementary,"said

an

official

in

an

e-mail."We

believe

the

Greater

China

market

is

large

enough

to

supportmultiple

parks."

Further

expansion

in

Asia

may

be

a

good

bet.

Last

year,

roughly

a

quarter

of

Disney’srevenue

came

from

overseas

operations.

Asia

contributed

just

5%,

but

leisure-industry

expertsare

bullish

about

the

region’s

potential.

Last

year,

eight

of

the

world’s

top

20

amusementparks

(by

number

of

visitors)

were

in

Asia,

according

to

a

report

by

Themed

EntertainmentAssociation,

based

in

Burbank,

Calif.

The

buzz

in

Shanghai

is

already

tangible."Chineseconsumers

have

a

lot

of

love

for

Disney,"

says

2023年阅读理解：ectronic

mail

has

become

an

extremely

importantand

popular

means

of

communication.

The

convenience

and

efficiency

of

electronicmail

are

threatened

by

the

extremely

rapid

growthin

the

volume

of

unsolicited

commercial

electronicmail.

Unsolicited

commercial

electronic

mail

iscurrently

estimated

to

account

for

over

half

of

allelectronic

mall

traffic,

up

from

an

estimated

7

percent

in

2023,

and

the

volume

continues

torise.

Most

of

these

messages

are

fraudulent

or

deceptive

in

one

or

more

respects.

The

receipt

of

unsolicited

commercial

electronic

mail

may

result

in

costs

to

recipients

whocannot

refuse

to

accept

such

mail

and

who

incur

costs

for

the

storage

of

such

mail,

or

for

thetime

spent

accessing,

reviewing,

and

discarding

such

mail,

or

for

both.

The

receipt

of

a

largenumber

of

unwanted

messages

also

decreases

the

convenience

of

electronic

mall

and

createsa

risk

that

wanted

electronic

mail

messages,

both

commercial

and

noncommercial,

will

be

lost,overlooked,

or

discarded

amidst

the

larger

volume

of

unwanted

messages,

thus

reducing

thereliability

and

usefulness

of

electronic

mail

to

the

recipient.

Some

commercial

electronic

mailcontains

material

that

many

recipients

may

consider

vulgar

or

pornographic

in

nature.

The

growth

in

unsolicited

commercial

electronic

mail

imposes

significant

monetary

costson

providers

of

Internet

access

services,

businesses,

and

educational

and

nonprofit

institutionsthat

carry

and

receive

such

mail,

as

there

is

a

finite

volume

of

mail

that

such

providers,businesses,

and

institutions

can

handle

without

further

investment

in

infrastructure.

Manysenders

of

unsolicite