新教材2024版高中英语Unit1ScienceandScientistsSectionⅠReadingandThinking学生用书新人教版选择性必修第二册

UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS主题人与社会——对社会有突出贡献的人物【背景文化】TheValueofScienceWhatisthevalueofthescienceIhadlongdevotedmyselfto—thethingIhadloved—whenIsawwhatterriblethingsitcoulddo?Thefirstwayinwhichscienceisofvalueisfamiliartoeveryone:scientificknowledgeenablesustodoandmakeallkindsofthings.Ofcourse,ifwemakegoodthings,itisnotonlytothecredit①ofscience;itisalsotothecreditofthemoralchoicewhichledustogoodwork.Scientificknowledgeisanenablingpowertodoeithergoodorbad—butitdoesnotcarryinstructionsonhowtoapplyit.Suchpowerhasobviousvalue—eventhoughthepowermaybenegatedbywhatonedoeswithit.Anothervalueofscienceistheintellectual②enjoymentitcanprovideuswith.Whenwelookatanyquestiondeeplyenough,wefeeltheexcitementandmysterycomingtousagainandagain.Withmoreknowledgecomesadeeper,morewonderfulmystery,inspiringonetolookdeeperstill.Neverconcernedthattheanswermayletusdown③，withpleasureandconfidenceweturnovereachnewstonetofindunimaginedstrangenessleadingontomorewonderfulquestionsandmysteries.Iwouldnowliketoturntoathirdvaluethatsciencehas.Thescientisthasalotofexperiencewithignorance④anddoubtanduncertainty,andthisexperienceisofverygreatimportance.Whenhehasanideaasto⑤whattheresultis,heisuncertain.Andwhenheisprettysureofwhattheresultisgoingtobe,heisstillinsomedoubt.Now,wescientiststakeitforgranted⑥thatitisperfectlypossibletoliveandnotknow.Butourfreedomtodoubtwasbornoutofadeepandstrongstruggleagainstauthority⑦intheearlydaysofscience.Inordertoprogress,wemustnotforgettheimportanceofthisstruggle;wemustrecognizeourignoranceandleaveroomfordoubt.Permitustoquestion—todoubt—tonotbesure.Itisourresponsibilityasscientists,knowingthegreatprogressthatisthefruitoffreedomofthought,todeclare⑧thevalueofthisfreedom;toteachhowdoubtisnottobefearedbuttobewelcomedanddiscussed;andtodemandthisfreedomasourdutytoallcominggenerations.(节选自译林版新教材必修第三册Unit4)词汇积累①credit/'kredɪt/n.赞扬，认可；信用②intellectual/ˌɪntə'lektʃuəl/adj.脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的n．学问分子，脑力劳动者③letsb.down使某人悲观④ignorance/'ɪɡnərəns/n.无知⑤asto关于；至于⑥takeitforgranted/'ɡrɑːntɪd/想当然地认为；认为……是天经地义⑦authority/ɔː'θɒrəti/n.权威，权力；官方⑧declare/dɪ'kleə(r)/vt.宣称；宣布；申报靓句背诵Now,wescientiststakeitforgrantedthatitisperfectlypossibletoliveandnotknow.现在，我们科学家天经地义地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。[句式分析]此句中第一个it是形式宾语，从句thatitisperfectlypossibletoliveandnotknow是真正的宾语。SectionⅠReadingandThinking每/日/金/句：Man'sdutyistohavethecouragetoseektruth.人的职责就是有志气找寻真理。课前预习设计自读课文疏通文脉大意Task1文本整体理解：理清文章架构1.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Thecauseofcholerawaspollutedwater.B．JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.C．Thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexamined.D．JohnSnowdidsomeresearchandhelpedtosolve“KingCholera”．2．Readthetextandmatchthemainideaofeachparagraph.Para.1________ A．Snowcollectsinformationandofferssolutions.Para.2________ B．Snowdesirestodefeatcholera.Para.3________ C．Snowisdeterminedtoinvestigate.Para.4________ D．JohnSnowisthefatherofmodernepidemiology.Para.5________ E．Snowfindsthetruthofcholera.Task2文本微小环节理解：探寻语篇微小环节理解ReadthetextonPages2～3carefullyandthenchoosethebestanswer.1．WhichofthefollowingtheoriesdidJohnSnowbelievein?A．Badaircausedthedisease.B．Peopleabsorbedcholeraintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.C．Peoplegotinfectedwithcholerabecauseofcoldandhunger.D．Peoplesufferedfromcholerabecausetheywerenotclean.2．Atlast,“KingCholera”wascontrolledby________．A．usingmedicinesinhospitalB．drivingpatientsoutofthecountryC．dealingwiththepollutedwaterD．gettingridofallkindsofpollution3．WhatconclusiondidJohnSnowdrawaccordingtotheevidence?A．Choleramultipliedinthewater.B．Pollutedwatercarriedthevirus.C．Acloudofdangerousgascausedcholera.D．Choleracouldneverbecontrolledeventhoughitscausewasfound.4．Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A．Anewspaper. B．Amedicalreport.C．Abookreview. D．ATVinterview.Task3文本理解：续写佳句1.Readthepassagecarefullyandfindthesentencestodescribethemoodofsadness.(细读短文并找出描写悲难过理的句子)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．Readthepassagecarefullyandfindthesentencestoshowdetermination.(细读短文并找出表达决心的句子)(1)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Task4阅读思维升华：主题实践1.HowdidSnowdefeatcholera?(DivergentThinking发散性思维)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．WhatdoJohnSnowandZhongNanshanhaveincommon?(CriticalThinking批判性思维)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．WhatcanwelearnfromSnowwhenfacingepidemic?(CreativeThinking创建性思维)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________精读课文疏通理解障碍[读文清障]①cholera['kɒlərə]n．霍乱②usedtodosth.过去经常做某事③severe[sɪ'vɪə(r)]adj.极为恶劣的；特别严峻的；严厉的severelyadv.严峻地；严格地，严厉地④diarrhoea[ˌdaɪə'rɪə]n．腹泻⑤dehydration[ˌdiːhaɪ'dreɪʃn]n．脱水⑥outbreakn．爆发；突然发生⑦hitv．攻击；进攻；攻击⑧frustrated[frʌ'streɪtɪd]adj.懊恼的；懊丧的；失意的feelfrustrated感到懊丧frustrationn．挫折⑨intime最终；迟早⑩risev．变得更加胜利(或重要、强大等)⑪attendto照料⑫givebirth(to)生孩子⑬onceandforall最终地；彻底地⑭ingeneral通常；一般而言⑮contradictory[ˌkɒntrə'dɪktəri]adj.相互冲突的；对立的；不一样的becontradictoryto与……相冲突contradictv．相抵触，相冲突；反对⑯infection[ɪn'fekʃn]n．感染；传染⑰germ[dʒɜːm]n．微生物；细菌；病菌⑱subscribeto同意；赞同subscribe[səb'skraɪb]vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)⑲proof[pruːf]n．证据；证明；检验provev．证明；证明是⑳consequentlyadv.因此，所以㉑investigatev．调查；探讨㉒particularadj.特定的；特别的㉓bedeterminedtodosth.决心做某事㉔multiple['mʌltɪpl]adj.数量多的；多种多样的multiplyv．乘；增加；繁殖㉕waterpump水泵pump[pʌmp]n．泵；抽水机；打气筒㉖household['haʊshəʊld]n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人㉗suspect[sə'spekt]vt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任['sʌspekt]n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象suspect...of...怀疑……㉘blame[bleɪm]vt.把……归咎于；指责；指责n．指责；指责；过失betoblamefor对……应负责任㉙whatismore更重要的是；而且㉚asaresultof由于(后跟缘由)asaresult结果(后跟结果)㉛accordinglyadv.因此；相应地㉜handle['hændl]n．把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)㉝intervention[ˌɪntə'venʃn]n．介入；出面；干涉㉞infect[ɪn'fekt]vt.使感染；传染infectiousadj.传染性的；感染的(尤指通过呼吸)㉟link[lɪk]n．联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联alinkbetween...and...……与……之间的联系belinkedto与……连接；与……有关联，与……有联系㊱raw[rɔː]adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的rawmaterial原材料㊲belikelytodosth.有可能做某事㊳pure[pjʊə(r)]adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的purewater纯净水㊴tirelessadj.不知疲乏的㊵substantial[səb'stænʃl]adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的㊶decrease['diːkriːs]n．削减；降低；削减量[dɪ'kriːs]vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)削减；减小；降低onthedecrease在削减，在降低㊷thanksto幸亏；由于㊸statistic[stə'tɪstɪk]n．[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学㊹transform[træns'fɔːm]vt.使改观；使变更形态vi.变更；转变o...把……转变成……㊺epidemiology[ˌepɪˌdiːmi'ɒlədʒi]n．流行病学[原文呈现]JOHNSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA①”Cholerausedto②beoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome[1].Thisillnesscausessevere③diarrhoea④，dehydration⑤，andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreak⑥ofcholerahit⑦Europe,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustrated⑧becausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera[2].Intime⑨，herose⑩tobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedto⑪QueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth⑫.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall⑬.[1]此处是until引导的时间状语从句，其中howitcouldbeovercome是包含在该从句中的宾语从句。[2]此处是because引导的缘由状语从句，其中howtopreventortreatcholera是“疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语。Ingeneral⑭，doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictory⑮theoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread[3].Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease[4].Theotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfection⑯fromgerms⑰infoodorwater.Snowsubscribedto⑱thesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof⑲.Consequently⑳，whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854[5],Snowbegantoinvestigate㉑.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticular㉒streetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedto㉓findoutwhy.[3]此处是how引导的宾语从句。[4]此处是that引导的表语从句，that在从句中不作成分。[5]此处是when引导的时间状语从句。Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.Thereweremultiple㉔deathsnearthewaterpump㉕inBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds㉖(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspected㉗thatthewaterpumpwastoblame㉘[6].Whatismore㉙,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Asaresultof㉚thisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms[7].Accordingly㉛,hehadthehandle㉜ofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused[8].Throughthisintervention㉝,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.[6]此处是that引导的宾语从句。betoblame意为“负有责任”，不定式toblame用主动形式表示被动含义。[7]此处是that引导的宾语从句。[8]此处运用了“havesth.done”结构，意为“让/请人做某事；使某事/物被做”；sothat引导目的状语从句。ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfected㉞bywaste[9].Moreover,Snowwaslaterabletoshowalink㉟betweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.SomecompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyraw㊱waste[10].Thepeoplewhodrankthiswater[11]weremuchmorelikelyto㊲getcholerathanthosewhodrankpure㊳orboiledwater[12].[9]此处是that引导的表语从句。[10]此处是定语从句，修饰先行词water。[11]此处是定语从句，修饰先行词Thepeople。[12]此处是定语从句，修饰先行词those。ThroughSnow'stireless㊴efforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantial㊵decrease㊶.However,choleraisstillaproblem.Eachyear,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit.Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera[13],thanksto㊷theworkofJohnSnow.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics㊸,Snowtransformed㊹thewayscientistsstudydiseases[14].Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology㊺.[13]此处是“疑问词＋不定式”结构作know的宾语。[14]此处是省略了引导词that/inwhich的定语从句，修饰theway。[课文翻译]约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惊的疾病之一。这种疾病可导致严峻腹泻、脱水甚至死亡。十九世纪初，当霍乱爆发，肆虐欧洲时，数百万人死于这种疾病。由于无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很懊丧。后来，他成了一位名医，甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。关于霍乱的扩散方式，当时的医生通常有两种迥然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发的这种疾病，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同其次种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍须要证据。因此，1854年伦敦爆发霍乱时，斯诺便起先调查。他发觉霍乱在两条特定的街道上爆发得特别严峻，以至于10天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明缘由。斯诺起先在地图上标出那些死去的人曾经居住过的地方的精确位置。宽街水泵旁边有多例死亡(尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅)，然而有些住户(如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号)却无人死亡。这些人在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作，酒吧为他们供应免费的啤酒，因此他们没有喝水泵抽上来的水。斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿搬离宽街后死于霍乱。这个女人似乎特别宠爱水泵抽上来的水，以至于每天都让人把那里的水运到家里来。因为这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就不能用了。通过这一干预，疾病的扩散得以遏制。事情的真相是宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物感染了。此外，斯诺之后还证明白其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的饮用水公司有关。有些公司出售的水取自被未处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用这种水的人更有可能染上霍乱。经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司起先销售清洁用水，世界各地的霍乱威逼大幅降低。然而，霍乱仍是一个问题。每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱，并且很多人因此丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。此外，在他运用地图和数据的过程中，斯诺变更了科学家探讨疾病的方式。出于这个缘由，斯诺被誉为现代流行病学之父。自查语基落实基本知能Ⅰ.核心词汇依据语境写出正确的单词1．two________theories两个相互冲突的理论2．aninfectionfrom________infood由食物的细菌引起的感染3．need________须要证据4．causea________trafficaccident造成严峻的交通事故5．manypoor________很多贫困家庭6．water________水泵7．________theevidence怀疑这个证据8．beto________该受指责9．removethe________ofthepump拆掉水泵的手柄10．________waste未经处理的废物11．a________betweensmokingandlungcancer吸烟和肺癌之间的联系12．asubstantial________大幅度削减13．scientific________科学数据14．________one'scharacter变更某人的性格15．________toamagazine订阅杂志16．________himoftheft怀疑他有偷窃行为Ⅱ.拓展词汇依据提示写出相应的单词1．________[sɪ'vɪə(r)]adj.极为恶劣的；特别严峻的；严厉的→severelyadv.严峻地；严格地，严厉地2．________[frʌ'streɪtɪd]adj.懊恼的，懊丧的；失意的→frustratevt.挫败；阻挠；使感到灰心→frustrationn．挫折3．________[ɪn'fekʃn]n．感染；传染→infectvt.使感染；传染→infectiousadj.传染性的；感染的(尤指通过呼吸)4．________[pruːf]n．证据；证明；检验→provev．证明；证明是5．________['mʌltɪpl]adj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiplyv．乘；增加；繁殖6．________[ˌɪntə'venʃn]n．介入；出面；干涉→intervenevi.介入；出面；插话7．________[pjʊə(r)]adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purifyv．净化8．________[træns'fɔːm]vt.使改观；使变更形态vi.变更；转变→transformationn．变更；转变；变换构词规律依据给出的构词规则写出下列单词1．-ion常用于动词之后构成名词。①infectv．→infectionn．感染②selectv．→________n．选择③electv．→________n．选举④collectv．→________n．收集2．形容词后缀-ous表示“具有……性质的；充溢……的”①infect使感染；传染→infectious传染性的②humor幽默→humorous幽默的③courage志气→courageous英勇的④caution谨慎；当心→cautious谨慎的；当心的⑤continue接着→continuous持续的Ⅲ.重点短语1．________________幸亏；由于2．________________经过一段时间之后；迟早3．________________照看；护理4．________________总的说来；从总体上看5．________________很可能做某事6．________________死于；因……而死7．________________因此，由于；作为……的结果8．________________起先做事；起先细致考虑某事9．________________最终地；彻底地10．________________同意；赞同11．________________生孩子12．________________孜孜不倦的努力13．________________成为一位闻名的医生Ⅳ.重点句型1．[句型]until引导的时间状语从句[教材]Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,________aBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惊的疾病之一。2．[句型]“疑问词＋不定式”结构[教材]Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknew________________________．作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得懊丧，因为没有人知道如何预防和治疗霍乱。3．[句型]where引导的定语从句[教材]Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaces____________________________．斯诺首先在地图上标出了全部死者曾经生活的精确地点。4．[句型]“Itseemedthat...”意为“似乎……；似乎……”“so...that...”意为“如此……以至于……”引导结果状语从句________________thewomanlikedthewaterfromthepump________________shehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.这个女人似乎特别宠爱水泵抽上来的水，以至于每天都让人把那里的水运到家里来。5．[句型]“havesth.done”意为“让/请人做某事；使某事被做”[教材]Accordingly,he________________________________sothatitcouldnotbeused.于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就不能用了。Ⅴ.理清困难句式1．[教材]Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.[分析]本句是一个复合句。until前面的句子是主句，until引导的是________从句；aBritishdoctor与JohnSnow是________关系，是从句的主语，从句谓语showed后面是how引导的________从句。[翻译]___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．[教材]Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.[分析]本句是一个复合句。主句是“Itseemed...”，that引导________从句，so...that...“如此……以至于……”引导________从句，含有“havesb./sth.＋done”结构，表示“________________”。[翻译]___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．[教材]ThroughSnow'stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.[分析]本句是一个由and连接的________句，在其次个简洁句中thethreatofcholeraaroundtheworld作主语，saw是谓语，表“________”，可以理解为一种拟人的修辞手法，使表达既简练又生动。[翻译]___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________课堂提升素养探究新知发展语言学问1(教材P2)Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惊的疾病之一。◎句型公式：until引导的时间状语从句(1)若主句的谓语动词是持续性的，那么这个主句需用确定形式；若主句的谓语动词是非持续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。(2)倒装结构：部分倒装“Notuntil＋时间状语从句或短语＋谓语助动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。(3)强调结构：Itis/wasnotuntil＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。[佳句]Wekeptfightingwiththefiercebearuntilsomekindpeoplerushedtohelpushandletheanimal.我们接着和这只猛烈的熊搏斗，直到一些和善的人冲过来帮我们应付这只动物。(读后续写之动作描写)[练通]——单句语法填空①[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写]Thevoicebecamelouderandlouder________Daviddraggedhisleg,passingtheterminal.②ItwasnotuntilIsettleddownandlivedinBeijing________IhadachancetopayavisittotheGreatWall.[写美]——一句多译直到我阅历了这场事故，我才明白坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。(读后续写之升华句)③________________________________________________________________________badfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened.(倒装)④________________________________________________________________________Iwasawarethatbadfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened.(强调句型)2(教材P2)Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.由于无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很懊丧。◎frustratedadj.懊恼的；懊丧的；失意的(1)feelfrustratedat/with对……感到懊丧/懊恼(2)frustratevt.使懊丧；使懊恼；挫败；阻挡；防止frustratingadj.令人懊恼的；令人懊丧的(常形容事物)frustrationn.[U]懊丧；懊丧；挫败[佳句]Disappointedandfrustrated,thepoormanmadehiswaybacktohisfamily.感到悲观和懊丧，这个可怜的人回到了他的家。[练通]——单句语法填空①Manystudentsfindtheexperienceofattendinguniversitylecturestobeaconfusingand________(frustrate)experience.②Whenthingsgowrong,allofusnaturallyfeeldisappointedand________(frustrate)．[写美]——应用文佳句③令他懊恼的是，他的儿子感染了流感病毒。________________________wasthathissonwasinfectedwiththefluvirus.3(教材P2)Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.斯诺赞同其次种看法。◎subscribevi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)subscribeto同意；赞同；订购；捐赠subscribe...to...在……上签署……；向……捐赠……[佳句]Allofussubscribetotheviewthatagoodparent-childrenrelationshipisbasedonmutualunderstandingandrespect.(应用文之人际关系)我们全部人都赞成这个观点，好的亲子关系是基于相互理解和敬重的。[练通]——揣测下列加黑词的含义①[2024·新高考全国Ⅰ读后续写]Bernardexcitedlysubscribedtomyideaofmakingpopcorntoearnsomemoney.____________②Itwastheoutstandingastronomerwhoalwayssubscribedtoourschool,towhichweweresincerelygrateful.____________③Tobroadenourhorizonsandenrichourschoollife,westudentswillinglysubscribetoChinaDaily.____________4(教材P2)Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。◎suspectvt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象(1)suspectsb.tobe...怀疑某人是……suspectsb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人(做)某事(2)amurdersuspect杀人嫌疑犯[佳句][2024·新高考卷Ⅰ读后续写]Atfirst,Bernardsuspectedthathecouldn'tsellhispopcornasplanned.起初，伯纳德怀疑他不能像支配的那样卖爆米花。[练通]——单句语法填空①________(suspect)ofdamagingthisculturalheritage,hewasarrestedbythepolice.②Two________(suspect)inconnectionwiththecasearenowbeingquestioned.[写美]——一句多译[2024·全国卷Ⅰ应用文]我最敬重的人是我的英语老师，他从不怀疑我们会实现自己的幻想。③ThepersonIrespectmostismyEnglishteacher,who________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.(suspectthat...)④ThepersonIrespectmostismyEnglishteacher,who________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.(suspectsb.of...)◎blamevt.把……归咎于；指责；指责n．指责；指责；过失(1)blamesb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事指责某人blamesth.on...把某事归咎于……betoblame(forsth.)(对某事)负有责任(2)taketheblamefor对……担当责任put/lay/placetheblameforsth.on...把某事归咎于……[佳句]Soinsteadofblamingothers,weshouldcommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers'place.因此，我们应当多沟通、换位思索，而不是指责其他人。(应用文之建议信)[练通]——单句语法填空⑤Thereisnodoubtthattheterribleearthquakewas________(blame)forsuchsevereruins.⑥Thebossdidn'tblamehisassistant________themistake，whichwasbeyondexpectations.＝Thebossdidn'tblamethemistake________hisassistant,whichwasbeyondexpectations.[写美]——句式升级⑦Alicewasinlowspiritsbecauseshewasblamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork.→________________________________________________________________________,Alicewasinlowspirits.(分词作状语)[温馨提示]在betoblame(forsth.)短语中，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。5(教材P2)Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.这个女人似乎特别宠爱水泵抽上来的水，以至于每天都让人把那里的水运到家里来。◎句型公式：“so...that...”意为“如此……以至于……”(1)so...that...句型的常见形式：so+adj.(2)such...that...句型的常见形式：such+a(3)当so/such及其后成分放在句首时，主句用部分倒装。[佳句]Hewassofrightenedthathestoodrootedtothespot.＝Sofrightenedwashethathestoodrootedtothespot.他是如此胆怯 ，以至于他站在那里文风不动。(读后续写之恐惊心理描写)[练通]——单句语法填空①Thebrilliantboymade________greatprogressthattheteacherpraisedhim.②Myuncleis________generousapersonthathewashighlythoughtofbythepeoplearound.＝Myuncleis________agenerouspersonthathewashighlythoughtofbythepeoplearound.[写美]——一句多译他是如此惊惶，以至于他感觉自己舌头打结，手心出汗。(读后续写之惊惶心理描写)③Hewas________________________hefelthistonguetiedandpalmssweating.④________________________hefelthistonguetiedandpalmssweating.(倒装句)6(教材P2)Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就不能用了。◎句型公式：“havesth.done”意为“让/请人做某事；使某事被做”(1)havesb.dosth.让某人做某事(2)havesb./sth.doingsth.让某人始终做某事或让某事处于某种状态can't/couldn'thavesb.doingsth.不能容忍某人做某事(3)havesth.todo有某事要做[佳句]Ifwetakeapositiveattitudeandkeepontrying,wecanhaveourgoalsachievedintheend.假如我们实行主动的看法并不断努力，我们最终会实现我们的目标。[练通]——单句语法填空①Webegantohelppickpeachesandthenhadthem________(deliver)tothefarmers'houses.②LastSundayourschoolhadus________(take)partinafive-kilometercross-countryrunningracetobuildupourbody.③Wecan'thavehim________(get)awaywithcheatingintheexam;otherwise,hewon'tshouldertheblame.[写美]——应用文之致歉信④我特别愧疚让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。Iamterriblysorryfor________________________________，because________________________________justnow.7(教材P3)Moreover,SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon.此外，斯诺之后还证明白其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同的饮用水公司有关。◎linkn．联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联(1)link...to/with...把……与……连接/联系起来belinkedto/with与……有联系/关系(2)alinkbetween...and...……与……之间的关系/联系[佳句]Inmyopinion,thereisacloselinkbetweenteachersandstudents.在我看来，师生之间有着亲密的关系。[练通]——单句语法填空①Weshouldlinktheory________practicewhenworking.②Yourinnovationsshould________(link)toourschoollifeandbeabletomakeourlifebetterandmoreconvenient.[写美]——应用文之健康生活③健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏熬炼亲密相关。Healthproblems________________badeatinghabitsandalackofexercise.[温馨提示]表示“将……和……连接起来”的短语还有connect...with/to...、join...to...等。8(教材P3)ThroughSnow'stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司起先销售清洁用水，世界各地的霍乱威逼大幅降低。◎decreasen．削减；降低；削减量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)削减；减小；降低(1)onthedecrease/increase正在削减/增加(2)decreasein...在……方面削减decreaseto...削减到……decreaseby...削减了……[佳句]Thenumberofnewstudentshasdecreasedfrom2，000to1，600inrecenttwoyears.近两年新生人数从2000削减到1600人。[练通]——单句语法填空①________(decrease)theamountofrubbishandtoprotecttheenvironment,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.②Overthepastdecades,seaicehasbeen________thedecreaseintheArcticasaresultofglobalwarming.[写美]——一句多译由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目在削减。③Becauseofhumanactivities,thenumberofsomerareanimals________________．④Becauseofhumanactivities,thenumberofsomerareanimals________________．9(教材P3)Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,thankstotheworkofJohnSnow.幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。◎thanksto幸亏；由于表示“由于”的其他常见表达：becauseof(常作状语)dueto(常作状语和表语，作状语时一般不放在句首)owingto(常作状语和表语)onaccountof(常作状语，位置可前可后)[佳句]ItwasthankstoyourguidancethatIwonthefirstplaceinthecontest.多亏您的指导，我在竞赛中获得了第一名。[练通]——单句语法填空①Thecoastroadiscloseddue________badweather.②ThePresidentdeclinedtodeliverthespeechhimself,________accountofasorethroat.[写美]——补全句子③Iholdthestrongbeliefthatyourcurrentsuccessis________________________________________(因为你的努力工作和不知疲乏的努力)．④________________________(多亏了移动图书馆),thesepeoplecanstillborrowbooks.10(教材P3)Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.此外，在他运用地图和数据的过程中，斯诺变更了科学家探讨疾病的方式。◎transformvt.使改观；使变更形态vi.变更；转变(1)o...使……转变成……transforminto...转化成……；改造为……betransformedo...由……变成……(2)transformationn.变更，转变；改观[佳句]Thereisnodoubtthatsuccessandwealthtransformedhischaracter.毫无疑问，胜利和财宝变更了他的性格。[练通]——单句语法填空①LifeinBritain________(transform)