中考英语句型转换专题复习

句型转换

每年的中考试卷中，“句型转换”题所占分值较大，是为了全面考查学生在初中阶段所学的词汇（同义或反义）、短语、句型和语法等方面的知识及其它的之间的灵活运用能力。

Ⅰ.题型介绍

所谓“句型转换”就是先给一个完整的句子A，再根据括号内的要求（有时没有明确，须自己观察），在第二个句子B的空白处填上适当的词来完成的句型转换。

Ⅱ.题型分类

从形式上看，有如下几种形式：①某一词或词组的转换；②词组与句子的转换；③同义句型的转换；④为纠正常犯语言错误而设计的题目。从内容上看，此题型涉及的面较广，主要有：①句子功能方面的转换。包括陈述句（肯定与否定）、四种题疑问句、祈使句、感叹句的转换；②句子结构方面的转换。即简单句、复合句、并列句之间的转换；③语态的转换。即主动语态与被动语态之间的转换；④常用句型与词汇手段的转换。

Ⅲ.具体分类如下

一、陈述句与疑问句、祈使句、感叹句间的转换

1、陈述句中肯定句变为否定句，大部分是用not来改变谓语结构，但也有借用否定意义的词，如nothing,

nobody,

none,

neither,

little,

few,

never,

hardly等，例如：：

A：Tom

does

well

in

maths.

B：Tom

doesn’t

do

in

maths.

A：He

has

much

to

do.

B：He

has

nothing

to

do.

A：All

of

my

classmates

like

art.

B：None

of

my

classmates

likes

art.

2、改为疑问句。根据上下句的结构和词的减少，来判断变为哪一种形式的疑问句。例如：

A：My

brother

often

has

breakfast

at

school.

B：

Does

your

brother

often

have

breakfast

at

school?

A：Tom’s

already

weak

in

English.

B：Tom’s

already

weak

in

English,

isn’t

he

?

A：The

red

light

changes

every

two

minutes.

B：How

often

does

the

red

light

change?

3、改为感叹句。根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性，来确定使用哪一种感叹句的形式，例如：

A：This

is

an

interesting

book.

B：What

an

interesting

book

this

is!

或

How

interesting

this

book

is!

二、同义句转换。

根据上句，写出一个意思相同（或相近）的下句，此类形式繁多，内容复杂，涉及面广，归类如下：

1、同义词或词组之间的转换。（通常上下句时态保持一致）。

常见的同义词或词组有：(1)四个“花费”（spend—take—cost—take）；(2)三个“到达”（get

to—reach—arrive

in/at）；(3)四个“收到…来信”（hear

from—get

a

letter

from—receive

a

letter

from—have

a

letter

from）；(4)两个“擅长于…”（be

good

at

—do

well

in）；(5)两个“有空”（be

free—have

time）；(6)三个“入睡”（go

to

sleep—get

to

sleep—fall

asleep）；(7)两个“玩得开心”（enjoy

oneself—have

a

good

time）；(8)“给…打电话”（call

sb—telephone

sb—ring

sb.

a

call—make

a

telephone

to

sb.）(9)“飞往…”（fly

to…—go

to…by

air/plane）(10)“自学”（teach

oneself—learn…by

oneself）(11)在…方面帮助help…with…—help…

(to)do…(12)在…差be

weak

in…—do

badly

in…(13)能/会…can—be

able

to(14)更喜欢…like…better

than…—prefer…to…(15)充满了…be

full

of…—be

filled

with…(16)放弃干…give

up

doing…—stop

doing…(17)不再…

no

longer—not

…any

longer(18)照顾/保管

take

care

of…—look

after(19)展览

on

show—on

display(20)阻止…干…stop…from

doing—keep/prevent…from

doing…(21)由于

thanks

to—because

of…(22)举手hands

up—put

up

one’s

hands(23)最后，终于at

last—in

the

end(24)与…不同

be

different

from…—be

not

the

same

as…(25)从…借入…

borrow…from…—lend…to…(26)乘公汽/火车/的士

go

to…by

bus/train/taxi—take

a

bus

/train/taxi

to…(27)乘自行车去…

go

to…by

bike—ride

a

bike

to…(28)为…感到自豪

be

proud

of…—be

the

pride

of…(29)步行去…

walk

to…—go

to…on

foot

(30)独自地by

oneself

—alone等。例如：

A：The

children

had

a

good

time

in

the

park.

B：The

children

enjoyed

themselves

in

the

park.

2、同义句型之间的转化。常见的同义句型有①It

seems

that

从句→Somebody

seems（to

be）+adj/n

②It’s

kind

of

sb.

to

do…→Somebody

is

kind

to

do…

③What

does…mean?→What

do

you

mean

by…?

或What’s

the

meaning

of…?④There

is

something

wrong

with…→Something

is

wrong

with…

⑤not…until…与when/after/before引导的时间状语从句的转换

⑥What’s

wrong

with…?→What’s

the

matter

with…?

⑦How

is…?→What’s…like…?⑧How

do

you

like…?→What

do

you

think

of?⑧It’s

time

that…→It’s

time

for

sb.

to

do…⑨It’s

said

that…→People

say

that…⑩Can

I

help

you?

→What

can

I

do

for

you?例如：

A：I

went

to

bed

after

I

finished

my

homework.

B：I

didn’t

go

to

bed

until

I

finished

my

homework.

3、if引导的条件状语从句的转化。例如：

A：If

it

doesn’t

rain

tomorrow,

they’ll

go

to

the

park.

B：Unless

it

rains

tomorrow,

they’ll

go

to

the

park.

A：If

you

don’t

hurry,

you’ll

be

late.

B：Hurry

up,

or

you’ll

be

late.

A：Fish

can’t

live

if

there

is

no

water.

B：Fish

can’t

live

without

water.

4、现在完成时态中的一句多译。在现在完成时态中，结束性动词不能与时间段连用，必须改成相应的延续性动词。常见的动词转换有：buy—have,

borrow—keep,

die—be

dead,

open—be

open,

join—be

in+组织/be

a

+成员,

begin—be

on,

leave—be

away

from,

close—be

closed,

arrive

in/

get

to/

come/go

to—be

in/at,

finish—be

over,

go

to

sleep—be

asleep，get

up—be

up.例如：The

old

man

died

five

months

ago.The

old

man

has

been

dead

since

five

months

ago.The

old

man

has

been

dead

for

five

months.It’s

five

months

since

the

old

man

died.Five

months

has

passed

since

the

old

man

died.

5、简单句与复合句之间的转换。

①含宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换。例如：

A：I

saw

they

were

playing

football

on

the

playground.

B：I

saw

them

playing

football

on

the

playground.

A：The

teacher

found

that

she

was

very

clever.

B：The

teacher

found

her

very

clever.

A：He

found

that

it

was

hard

to

learn

English

well.

B：He

found

it

hard

to

learn

English

well.

A：We

are

sure

that

we

will

win

to

first

match.

B：We

are

sure

to

win

to

first

match.

由疑问代词/副词引导的宾语从句可转化为“疑问句+不定式”结构。例如：

A：Could

you

tell

me

how

I

can

get

to

the

railway

station?

B：Could

you

tell

me

how

to

get

to

the

railway

station?

A：We

don’t

know

what

we

should

do

next.

B：We

don’t

know

what

to

do

next.

②由when/after/before/while/since/until引导的时间状语从句可转化为when/after/before/while/sine/until

+

doing…例如：

A：They

went

home

after

they

finished

their

work.

B：The

went

home

after

finishing

their

work.

A：Mr

Smith

has

taught

English

since

he

came

to

China.

B：Mr

Smith

has

taught

English

since

coming

to

China.

When

sb.

+be+数词+years

old→at

the

age

of+岁数

A：When

he

was

twelve

years

old,

Edison

started

writing

his

own

newspaper.

B：At

the

age

of

twelve,

Edison

started

writing

his

own

newspaper.

③由so…that…引导的结果状语从句可转化为too…to

do或…enough

to

do……例如：

A：The

box

is

so

heavy

that

I

can’t

carry

it.

B：The

box

is

too

heavy

for

me

to

carry.

或：The

box

isn’t

light

enough

for

me

to

carry.

A：The

child

is

so

old

that

he

can

go

to

school.

B：The

child

is

old

enough

to

go

to

school.

④由so

that

引导的目的状语从句可转化为in

order

to

do例如：

A：My

father

got

up

early

this

morning

so

that

he

could

catch

the

early

bus.

B：My

father

got

up

early

this

morning

in

order

to

catch

the

early

bus.

⑤由because

引导的原因状语从句可转化为because

of…例如：

A：We

didn’t

go

to

the

park

because

it

rained.

B：We

didn’t

go

to

the

park

because

of

the

rain.

⑥定语从句可以转化为介词短语或分词短语。例如：

A：The

man

who

is

on

the

bike

is

Jim.

B：The

man

on

the

bike

is

Jim.

A：The

man

who

is

driving

the

red

car

is

my

boss.

B：The

man

driving

the

red

car

is

my

boss.

A：The

girl

who

is

called

Mary

is

my

sister.

B：The

girl

called

Mary

is

my

sister.

6、用并列连词neither…nor；either…or…；both…and…；not

only…but

also…连句。例如：

A：I

haven’t

seen

a

TV

play

for

long,

and

Lily

hasn’t

either.

B：Neither

I

nor

Lily

has

seen

a

TV

play

for

long.

A：Tom

is

good

at

maths,

and

he

is

good

at

French,

too.

B：Tom

is

good

at

both

maths

and

French.

neither…nor…,

either…or…和not

only…but

also…连接两个主语时，谓语动词依靠近它的主语而定，即“就近原则”，但是both…and用来连接两个主语时，谓语复数。

7、主动语与被动语态的互变。

“主动”变“被动”实行“三变二不变”原则。“三变”即是主语，谓语和宾语的变化，“二不变”即时态不变，句式不变。例如：

A：They

make

watches

in

the

town.

B：Watches

are

made

by

them

in

the

town.

A：I

can

finish

the

work

before

eight.