2023年英语专八真题及其答案

2023年英语专业八级真题及参照答案TEM8-2023

TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2023)

-GRADEEIGHT-TIMELIMIT:195MINPARTILISTENINGCOMPREttENSION(35MIN)

SECTIONAMINI-LECTURE

Inthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLYWhilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompleteagap-fillingtaskafterthemini-lecture.Whenthelectureisover,youwillbegiventwominutestocheckyournotes,andanothertenminutestocompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONE,usingnomorethanthreewordsineachgap.Makesuretheword(s)youfillinis(are)bothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayrefertoyournoteswhilecompletingthetask.Usetheblanksheetfornote-taking.Now,listentothemini-lecture.ObservationBehaviour

Peopledoobservationindailylifecontextforsafetyorforproperbehaviour.However,therearedifferencesindailylifeobservationandresearchobservation.

A.Differences

dailylifeobservation

--casual

--(1)________

--defendenceonmemory

researchobservation

--(2)_________

--carefulrecordkeeping

B.Waystoselectsamplesinresearch

timesampling

--systematic:e.g.fixedintervalseveryhour

--random:fixedintervalsbut(3)_______

Systematicsamplingandrandomsamplingareoftenusedincombination.

(4)_______

--definition:selectionofdifferentlocations

--reason:humans’oranimals’behaviour(5)______acrosscircumstances

--(6)______:moreobjectiveobservations

C.Waystorecordbehaviour(7)_______

observationwithintervention

--participantobservation:researcherasobserverandparticipant

--fieldexperiment:research(8)______overconditions

observationwithoutintervention

--purpose:describingbehaviour(9)______

--(10)______:nointervention

--researcher:apassiverecorder

SECTIONBINTERVIEW

InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.

Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefoliowingfivequestions.Nowlistentotheinterview.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutcreativityisINCORRECT?

A.Creativitystemsfromhumanbeingsnovelthinking.

B.Thedurationofthecreativeprocessvariesfrompersontoperson.

C.Creativepeoplefocusonnovelthinkingratherthanonsolutions.

D.Theoutcomeofhumancreativitycomesinvariedforms.

2.TheintervieweecitestheBachfamilytoshowthatcreativity

A.appearstobetheresultoftheenvironment.

B.seemstobeattributabletogeneticmakeup.

C.appearstobemoreassociatedwithgreatpeople.

D.comesfrombothenvironmentandgeneticmakeup.

3.Howmanytypesofthecreativeprocessdoestheintervieweedescribe?

A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.

4.WhichofthefollowingfeaturesofacreativepersonalityisNOTmentionedintheinterview?

A.Unconventional.B.Original.

C.Resolute.D.Critical.

5.Theintervieweessuggestionforacreativityworkoutsupportstheviewthat

A.brainexercisingwillnotmakepeoplecreative.

B.mostpeoplehavediversifiedinterestsandhobbies.

C.theenvironmentissignificantinthecreativeprocess.

D.creativitycanonlybefoundingreatpeople.

SECTIONCNEWSBROADCAST

InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.Question6isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.

6.Whatisthenewsitemmainlyabout?

A.U.S.astronautsmadethreespacewalks.

B.Aninternationalspacestationwassetup.

C.Aprobleminthecoolingsystemwassolved.

D.A350-kilogramammoniapumpwasremoved.

Questions7and8arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews.

7.Inwhichcountrywouldparentsoftenthreatentopunishchildrenbyleavingthemoutside?

A.India.B.ThePhilippines.

C.Egypt.D.Notmentioned.

8.Whatisthemainpurposeofthestudy?

A.Torevealculturaldifferencesandsimilarities.

B.Toexposecasesofchildabuseandpunishment.

C.Toanalyzechildbehaviouracrosscountries.

D.Toinvestigatewaysofphysicalpunishment.

Questions9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews.

9.Accordingtothenewsitem,Japanseconomicgrowthinthesecondquarterwas____lessthanthefirstquarter.

A.0.6percentB.3.4percent

C.4percentD.3percent

10.HowmanyreasonsdoesthenewsitemciteforJapanssloweconomicgrowth?

A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.PARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION(30MIN)

Inthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotalof20multiple-choicequestions.ReadthepassagesandthenmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.

TEXTA

Iusedtolookatmyclosetandseeclothes.Thesedays,wheneverIcastmyeyesuponthestacksofshoesandhangersofshirts,sweatersandjackets,Iseewater.

Ittakes569gallonstomanufactureaT-shirt,fromitsstartinthecottonfieldstoitsappearanceonstoreshelves.Apairofrunningshoes?1,247gallons.

Untillastfall,Idbeenoblivioustomy"waterfootprint",whichisdefinedasthetotalvolumeoffreshwaterthatisusedtoproducegoodsandservices,accordingtotheWaterFootprintNetwork.TheDutchnonprofithasbeenworkingtoraiseawarenessoffreshwaterscarcitysince2023,butitwasthroughthe"GreenBlueBook"byThomasM.KostigenthatIwasabletoseehowmyownactionsfactoredin.

Iveinstalledgray-watersystemstoreusethewastewaterfrommylaundry,machineandbathtubandrerouteittomylandscape-systemsthatsave,onaverage,50gallonsofwaterperday.Ivesetuprainbarrelsandinfiltrationpitstocollectthousandsofgallonsofstormwatercascadingfrommyroof.Iveevenenteredthelastbastionofgreendom-installingacompostingtoilet.

Sufficetosay,IvebeenfeelingprettysatisfiedwithmyselfforallthedrinkingwaterIvesavedwiththesebig-ticketprojects.

NowIrealizethatmydailyconsumptionchoicescouldhaveanevenlargereffect–notonlyonthelocalwatersupplybutalsoglobally:1.1billionpeoplehavenoaccesstofreshwater,and,inthefuture,thosewhodohaveaccesswillhavelessofit.

Toseehowmuchvirtualwater1wasusing,Iloggedontothe"GreenBlueBook"websiteanduseditswaterfootprintcalculator,enteringmydailyconsumptionhabits.Tallyingupthewaterfootprintofmybreakfast,lunch,dinnerandsnacks,aswellasmydailydoseofover-the-counteruppersanddowners-coffee,wineandbeer-Imusing512gallonsofvirtualwatereachdayjusttofeedmyself.

Inaword:alarming.

EvenmorealarmingwashowmuchhiddenwaterIwasusingtogetdressed.Imhardlyaclotheshorse,butthefewnewitemsIbuyonceagaintrumpedtheamountofwaterflowingfrommyfaucetseachday.IfImseriousaboutsavingwater,IrealizedIcouldmakesomesimplelifestyleshifts.Lookingmorecloselyattheareasinmylifethatusethemostvirtualwater,itwasfoodandclothes,specificallymeat,coffeeand,oddly,bluejeansandleatherjackets.

Beingamotorcyclist,Iownanunusuallylargeamountofleather-bootsandjacketsinparticular.Allofitisenormouslywaterintensive.Ittakes7,996gallonstomakealeather.jacket,leatherbeingabyproductofbeef.Ittakes2,866gallonsofwatertomakeasinglepairofbluejeans,becausetheyremadefromwater-hoggingcotton.

CrunchingthenumbersfortheamountofclothesIbuyeveryyear,itlooksalotlikemyfriendsswimmingpool.MyentireclosetisborderlineOlympic.

Gulp.

Mylateresolutionistobuysomeitemsused.Underwearandsocksare,ofcourse,exemptfromthisstrategy,but1havenoproblemshoppinglessandalsoshoppingatGoodwill.Infact,Idbeendoingthatforthepastyeartosavemoney.Myclothesoutrageouswaterfootprintjustreintbrceditforme.

Moreconsciouslivingandsubstitution,ratherthansacrifice,aretheprevailingideaswiththewaterfootprint.ItsoneImtrying,andthatshadanunusualupside.Ihadahamburgerrecently,andIenjoyeditalotmoresinceitisnowanoccasionaltreatratherthanaweeklyhabit.

(Onegallon=3.8litres)

11.Accordingtothepassage,theWaterFootprintNetwork

A.madetheauthorawareoffreshwatershortage.

B.helpedtheauthorgettoknowtheGreenBlueBook.

C.workedforfreshwaterconservationfornonprofitpurposes.

D.collaboratedwiththeGreenBlueBookinfreshwaterconservation.

12.Whichofthefollowingreasonscanbestexplaintheauthorsfeelingofself-satisfaction?

A.Hemadecontributiontodrinkingwaterconservationinhisownway.

B.Moneyspentonupgradinghishouseholdfacilitieswasworthwhile.

C.Hishousewasequippedwithadvancedwater-savingfacilities.

D.Hecouldhavemadeevengreatercontributionbychanginghislifestyle.

13.Accordingtothecontext,"...howmvownactionsfactoredin"means

A.howIcouldcontributetowaterconservation.

B.whateffortsIshouldmaketosavefreshwater.

C.whatbehaviourcouldbecountedasfreshwater-saving.

D.howmuchofwhatIdidcontributedtofreshwatershortage.

14.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorwasmorealarmedbythefactthat

A.hewashavingmoremeatandcoffee.

B.hisclothesusedevenmorevirtualwater.

C.globallytherewillbelessfreshwater.

D.hislifestylewastooextravagant.

15."MyentireclosetisborderlineOlympic"isanexampleof

A.exaggeration.B.analogy.

C.understatement.D.euphemism.

16.Whatisthetoneoftheauthorinthelastparagraph?

A.Sarcastic.B.Ironic.C.Critical.D.Humorous.

TEXTB

Inhernovelof"Reunion,AmericanStyle",RonaJaffesuggeststhataclassreunion"ismorethanasentimentaljourney.Itisalsoawayofansweringthequestionthatliesatthebackofnearlyallourminds.DidtheydobetterthanI?"

Jaffesobservationmaybemisplacedbutnotcompletelylost.AccordingtoastudyconductedbysocialpsychologistJackSparacino,theoverwhelmingmajoritywhoattendreunionsarentthereinvidiouslytocomparetheirrecentaccomplishmentswiththoseoftheirformerclassmates.Instead,theyhope,primarily,torelivetheirearliersuccesses.

Certainly,afewreturntoshowtheirformerclassmateshowwelltheyhavedone;othersenjoyobservingthechangesthathaveoccurredintheirclassmates(notalwaysinthemselves,ofcourse).Butthemajoritywhoattendtheirclassreunionsdosotorelivethegoodtimestheyrememberhavingwhentheywereyounger.Inhisstudy,Sparacinofoundthat,ashighschoolstudents,attendeeshadbeenmorepopular,moreoftenregardedasattractive,andmoreinvolvedinextracurricularactivitiesthanthoseclassmateswhochosenottoattend.Forthosewhoturnedupattheirreunions,then,theoldtimeswerealsothegoodtimes!

ItwouldappearthatAmericanshaveaspecialfondnessforreunions,judgingbytheirprevalence.Majorleaguebaseballplayers,fraternitymembers,veteransgroups,highschoolandcollegegraduates,andformerBoyScoutsallholdreunionsonaregularbasis.Inaddition,familyreunionsfrequentlyattractbloodrelativesfromfarawayplaceswhospendconsiderablemoneyandtimetoreunite.

Actually,intheiraffectionforreunitingwithfriends,familyorcolleagues,Americansareprobablynodifferentfromanyotherpeople,exceptthatAmericanshavecreatedamind-bogglingnumberandvarietyofinstitutionalizedformsofgatheringstofacilitatethesatisfactionofthisdesire.Indeed,reunionshaveincreasinglybecomeformaleventsthatareorganizedonaregularbasisand,intheprocess,theyhavealsobecomebigbusiness.

ShellNorrisofClassReunion,Inc.,saysthatChicagoalonehas1,500highschoolreunionseachyear.Aconservativeestimateonthenationallevelwouldbe10,000annually.Atonetime,allhighschoolreunionswereorganizedbyvolunteers,usuallyfemalehomemakers.Inthelastfewyears,however,asmoreandmorewomenhaveenteredthelabourforce,alumnireunionsareincreasinglybeingplannedbyspecializedcompaniesratherthanbypart-timevolunteers.

ThefirstcollegereunionwasheldbythealumniofYaleUniversityin1792.GraduatesofPennsylvania,Princeton,Stanford,andBrownfollowedsuit.Andbytheendofthe19thcentury,

most4-yearinstitutionswereholdingalumnireunions.

Thevarietyofcollegereunionsisimpressive.AtPrinceton,alumniparadethroughthetownwearingtheirclassuniformsandsingingtheiralmamater.AtMariettaCollege,theygatherforadinner-danceonasteamshipcruisingtheOhioRiver.

Clearly,thethoughtofcruisingonasteamshipormarchingthroughthestreetsisusuallynot,byitself,sufficientreasonforlargenumbersofalumnitoreturntocampus.Alumniwhodecidetoattendtheirreunionsshareacommonidentitybasedontheyearstheyspenttogetherasundergraduates.Forthisreason,universitiesthatsomehowestablishacommonbond–forexample,becausetheyarerelativelysmallorespeciallyprestigious-tendtodrawsubstantialnumbersoftheiralumnitoreunions.Inanefforttoenhancethiscommonidentity,largercollegesanduniversitiesfrequentlybuildtheirclassreunionsonparticipationinsmallerunits,suchasdepartmentsorschools.Ortheyencourage"affinityreunions"forgroupsofformercheerleaders,editors,fraternitymembers,musicians,membersofmilitaryorganizationsoncampus,andthelike.

Ofcourse,noteveryalumnusisfondofhisorheralmamater.Studentswhograduatedduringthelate1960smaybeespeciallyreluctanttogetinvolvedinalumnievents.Theywerepartofthegenerationthatconductedsit-insandteach-insdirectedatuniversityadministrators,protestedmilitaryrecruitmentoncampusandmarchedagainst"establishmentpolitics."Ifthisgenerationhasacommonidentity,itmayfalloutsideoftheiruniversityties-orevenbehostiletothem.Evenastheyentertheirmiddleyears,alumniwhocontinuetoholdunpleasantmemoriesofcollegeduringthisperiodmaynotwishtoattendclassreunions.

17.Accordingtothepassage,Sparacinosstudy

A.providedstrongevidenceforJaffesstatement.

B.showedthatattendeestendedtoexcelinhighschoolstudy.

C.foundthatinterestinreunionswaslinkedwithschoolexperience.

D.foundevidenceforattendeesintensedesireforshowingoffsuccess.

18.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadistinctfeatureofU.S.classreunions?

A.U.S.classreunionsareusuallyoccasionstoshowoffonesrecentsuccess.

B.Reunionsareregularandformaleventsorganizedbyprofessionalagencies.

C.Classreunionshavebecomeaprofitablebusiness.

D.Classreunionshavebroughtaboutavarietyofactivities.

19.Whatmainlyattractsmanypeopletoreturntocampusforreunion?

A.Thevarietyofactivitiesforclassreunion.

B.Thespecialstatustheiruniversityenjoys.

C.Sharedexperiencebeyondthecampus.

D.Sharedundergraduateexperienceoncampus.

20.Therhetoricalfunctionofthefirstparagraphisto

A.introduceRonaJeffesnovel.

B.presenttheauthorscounterargument.

C.serveaspreludetotheauthorsargument.

D.bringintofocuscontrastingopinions.

21.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Reasonsforpopularityand(non)attendanceforalumnireunions.

B.AhistoricalperspectiveforalumnireunionsintheUnitedStatesTEXTC

OnetimewhileonhiswalkGeorgemetMr.Cattanzaracominghomeverylatefromwork.Hewonderedifhewasdrunkbutthencouldtellhewasnt.Mr.Cattanzara,astocky,bald-headedmanwhoworkedinachangeboothonanIRTstation,livedonthenextblockafterGeorges,aboveashoerepairstore.Nights,duringthehotweather,hesatonhisstoopinanundershirt,readingtheNewYorkTimesinthelightoftheshoemakerswindow.Hereaditfromthefirstpagetothelast,thenwentuptosleep.Andallthetimehewasreadingthepaper,hiswife,afatwomanwithawhiteface,leanedoutofthewindow,gazingintothestreet,herthickwhitearmsfoldedunderherloosebreast,onthewindowledge.

OnceinawhileMr.Cattanzaracamehomedrunk,butitwasaquietdrunk.Henevermadeanytrouble,onlywalkedstifflyupthestreetandslowlyclimbedthestairsintothehall.Thoughdrunkhelookedthesameasalways,exceptforhistightwalk,thequietness,andthathiseyeswerewet.GeorgelikedMr.Cattanzarabecauseherememberedhimgivinghimnickelstobuylemonicewithwhenhewasasquirt.Mr.Cattanzarawasadifferenttypethanthoseintheneighbourhood.Heaskeddifferentquestionsthantheotherswhenhemetyou,andheseemedtoknowwhatwentoninallthenewspapers.Hereadthem,ashisfatsickwifewatchedfromthewindow.

"Whatareyoudoingwithyourselfthissummer,George?"Mr.Cattanzaraasked."lseeyouwalkinaroundatnight."

Georgefeltembarrassed."Iliketowalk."

"Whatareyoudoininthedaynow?"

"Nothingmuchjustnow.Imwaitingforajob."Sinceitshamedhimtoadmitthathewasntworking,Georgesaid,"Imreadingalottopickupmyeducation."

"Whatareyoureadin?"

Georgehesitated,thensaid,"IgotalistofbooksinthelibraryonceandnowImgonnareadthemthissummer."Hefeltstrangeandalittleunhappysayingthis,buthewantedMr.Cattanzaratorespecthim.

"Howmanybooksarethereonit?"

"Inevercountedthem.Maybearoundahundred."

Mr.Cattanzarawhistledthroughhisteeth.

"Ifigureifldidthat,"Georgewentonearnestly,"itwouldhelpmeinmyeducation.1dontmeanthekindtheygiveyouinhighschool.Iwanttoknowdifferentthingsthantheylearnthere,ifyouknowwhatImean."

Thechangemakernodded."Stillandall,onehundredbooksisaprettybigloadforone

summer."

"Itmighttakelonger."

"Afteryourefinishedwithsome,maybeyouandIcanshootthebreezeaboutthem?"saidMr.Cattanzara.

"WhenImfinished,"Georgeanswered.

Mr.CattanzarawenthomeandGeorgecontinuedonhiswalk.Afterthat,thoughhehadtheurgeto,Georgedidnothingdifferentfromusual.Hestilltookhiswalksatnight,endingupinthelittlepark.ButoneeveningtheshoemakeronthenextblockstoppedGeorgetosayhewasagoodboy,andGeorgefiguredthatMr.Cattanzarahadtoldhimallaboutthebookshewasreading.Fromtheshoemakeritmusthavegonedownthestreet,becauseGeorgesawacoupleofpeoplesmilingkindlyathim,thoughnobodyspoketohimpersonally.Hefeltalittlebetteraroundtheneighbourhoodandlikeditmore,thoughnotsomuchhewouldwanttoliveinitforever.Hehadneverexactlydislikedthepeopleinit,yethehadneverlikedthemverymucheither.Itwasthefaultoftheneighbourhood.Tohissurprise,GeorgefoundoutthathisfatherandhissisterSophieknewabouthisreadingtoo.Hisfatherwastooshytosayanythingaboutit-hewasnevermuchofatalkerinhiswholelife--butSophiewassoftertoGeorge,andsheshowedhiminotherwaysshewasproudofhim.

22.Intheexcerpt,Mr.Cattanzarawasdescribedasamanwho

A.wasfondofdrinking.B.showedawideinterest.

C.oftenworkedovertime.D.likedtogossipafterwork.

23.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

A.Mr.CattanzarawassurprisedatGeorgesreadingplan.

B.Mr.CannazarawasdoubtfulaboutGeorgethroughout.

C.Georgewasforcedtotellalieandthenregretted.

D.Georgeliedatthebeginningandthenbecameserious.

24.AfterthestreetconversationwithMr.Cattanzara,George

A.remainedthesameasusual.

B.becamemorefriendlywithMr.Cattanzara.

C.begantolikehisneighboursmorethanever.

D.continuedtoreadthebooksfromthelist.

25.WecantellfromtheexcerptthatGeorge

A.hadaneitherclosenordistantrelationshipwithhisfather.

B.wasdissatisfiedwithhislifeandsurroundings.

C.foundthathissisterremainedskepticalabouthim.

D.foundhisneighbourslikedtopoketheirnoseintohim.

TEXTD

AbrahamLincolnturns200thisyear,andhesbeginningtoshowhisage.Whenhisbirthdayarrives,onFebruary12,CongresswillholdaspecialjointsessionintheCapitolsNationalStatuaryHall,awreathwillbelaidatthegreatmemorialinWashington,andawebcastwilllinkschoolclassroomsfora"teach-in"honouringhismemory.

Admirableastheyare,though,theeventswillstrikemanyofusLincolnfansasinadequate,evenhalfhearted--andanothersignthatourappreciationforthe16thpresidentandhistoweringachievementsisslippingaway.AndyoudonthavetobeaLincolnenthusiasttobelievethatthisissomethingwecantaffordtolose.

ComparethisyearscelebrationwiththeLincolncentennial,in1909.Thatyear,Lincolnslikenessmadeitsdebutonthepenny,thankstoapprovalfromtheU.S.SecretaryoftheTreasury.Communitiesandcivicassociationsineverycomerofthecountryeruptedinparades,concerts,balls,lectures,andmilitarydisplays.Westillfeeltheeffectstoday:Themomentumunloosedin1909ledtotheLincolnMemorial,openedin1922,andtheLincolnHighway,thefirstpavedtranscontinentalthoroughfare.

Thecelebrantsin1909hadafewinspirationswelacktoday.LincolnspresidencywasstillalivingmemoryforcountlessAmericans.In2023wearefartherintimefromtheendoftheSecondWorldWarthantheywerefromtheCivilWar;familiesstillfeltthelossoflovedonesfromthatawfulnationaltrauma.

ButAmericansin1909hadsomethingmore:anunembarrassedappreciationforheroesandanacutesenseofthewaythatevenlong-deadhistoricalfigurespressinonthepresentandmakeuswhoweare.

Onestorywillillustratewhatlmtalkingabout.

In2003agroupoflocalcitizensarrangedtoplaceastatueofLincolninRichmond,Virginia,formercapitaloftheConfederacy.Theideatouchedoffafirestormofcontroversy.TheSonsofConfederateVeteransheldapublicconferenceofcarefullyselectedscholarsto"reassess"thelegacyofLincoln.Theverdict-nosurprise-wasnegative:Lincolnwaslabeledeverythingfromaracisttotalitariantoatellerofdirtyjokes.

Icoveredtheconferenceasareporter,butwhatreallyunnervedmewasacounter-conferenceofscholarstorefutetheearlierone.ThesescholarsdrewapictureofLincolnthatonlyourtouchy-feelyagecouldconjureup.Themanwhooversawthemostsavagewarinourhistorywasdescribed-byhisadmirers,remember-as"nonjudgmental,""unmoralistic,""comfortablewithambiguity."

IfeltthewayafriendofminefeltaswelaterwatchedtheunveilingoftheRichmondstatueinasubduedceremony:"Buthessosmall!"

ThestatueinRichmondwasindeedsmall;likenearlyeveryLincolnstatueputupinthepasthalfcentury,itwaslife-sizeandwasplacedatgroundlevel,aconsciousrejectionoftheheroic-approachableandhuman,yes,butnotsomethingtolookupto.

TheRichmondepisodetaughtmethatAmericanshavelostthelanguagetoexplainLincolnsgreatnesseventoourselves.EarliergenerationssaidtheywantedtheirchildrentobelikeLincoln:principled,kind,compassionate,resolute.TodaywewantLincolntobelikeus.

ThishelpstoexplainthelongstringofrecentbooksinwhichwritershavepresentedaLincolnmadeaftertheirownimage.WevehadLincolnashumoristandLincolnasmanic-depressive,Lincolnthebusinesssage,theconservativeLincolnandtheliberalLincoln,theemancipatorandtheracist,thestoicphilosopher,theChristian,theatheist-LincolnovereasyandLincolnscrambled.

Whatsoftenmissing,,though,i,sthetimelessLincoln,theLincolnwhomallgenerations,ourownnolessthanthatof1909,canlayclaimto.Luckyforus,thosememorializersfromacenturyago-and,throughthem,Lincolnhimself-haveleftusahin,tofwheretofindhim.TheLincolnMemorialisthemos,,tvisitedofourpresidentialmonuments.HereiswherewefindtheLincolnwhoendures:inthewordsheleftus,definingthecountryweveinherited.HereistheLincolnwhocanbeendlesslyrenewedandwho,200yearsafterhisbirth,retainsthepowertorenewus.

26.Theauthorthinksthatthisyearscelebrationisinadequateandevenhalfheartedbecause

A.noLincolnstatuewillbeunveiled.

B.nomemorialcoinswillbeissued.

C.nosimilarappreciationofLincolnwillbeseen.

D.noactivitiescanbecomparedtothosein1909.

27.Accordingtothepassage,whatreallymakesthe1909celebrationsdifferentfromthisyears?

A.Respectforgreatpeopleandtheirinfluence.

B.Varietyandmagnitudeofcelebrationactivities.

C.StructuresconstructedinmemoryofLincoln.

D.TemporalproximitytoLincolnspresidency.

28.Intheauthorsopinion,thecounter-conference

A.rectifiedthejudgmentbythosecarefullyselectedscholars.

B.offeredabrandnewreassessmentperspective.

C.cameupwithsomewhatfavourableconclusions.

D.resultedinsimilardisparagingremarksonLincoln.

29.Accordingtotheauthor,theimageofLincolnconceivedbycontemporarypeople

A.conformstotraditionalimages.

B.reflectsthepresent-daytendencyofworship.

C.showsthepresent-daydesiretoemulateLincoln.

D.revealsthevarietyofcurrentopinionsonheroes.

30.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheimplicationofthelastparagraph?

A.Lincolnsgreatnessremainsdespitethepassageoftime.

B.Thememorialissymbolicofthegreatmansachievements.

C.EachgenerationhasitowninterpretationofLincoln.

D.PeoplegettoknowPARTIIIGENERALKNOWLEDGE(10MIN)Therearetenmultiple-choicequestionsinthissection.Markthebestanswerto