高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters学案

Unit4NaturalDisasters

[qI知识导航]

1.学习与自然灾害相关的词汇，掌握发音和拼写；

2.了解并掌握定语从句不同关系词的用法；

3.掌握写概要的关键点，并能够完成相应题材的写作题目。

知识精讲'

Readingandthinking

QI:Whathappenedaftertheearthquake?Whatsortofhelpdidthegovernment

provide?

A:Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewho

weretrappedandtoburythedead.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.

Q2:Whatkindofdisasterscanyouthinkof?Doyouknowanydisastersafety

measures?

A:Earthquake;tornado;wildfire.Ifyouheartornadowarning,getunderasturdytableifyou

can.Ifyou'reinbed,pullpillowsorabedspread-anything-overthetopofyou.Don'tgetonan

elevator.Youcouldbetrappedifthepowergoesout.Soyou'dbettertakethestairs.

B:Drought;landslide;tsunami;flood.Don'tdriveorwalkthroughrisingwater.Infact,a

highpercentageofflooddeathshappeninvehicles.Instead,turnaroundanddrivetohigher

ground,orleavethecarandruntohighergroundiftheroadisblocked.

C:Severethunderstorm,hurricane,volcanoeruption.Ifyouareoutdoorsandhearthunder,

squatdowntobeatthelowestpoint,andbalanceontheballsofyourfeettohaveaslittle

connectingyoutothegroundaspossible.

凹课文原句

Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhowere

trappedandtoburythedead.

{$)•核心考点

（1）thedead:“死者；逝者”

the+形容词转化而来的名词（表示“一类人”或“一类物”）

如：theyoung年轻人;therich富人；thesick病人

能拓展

①deadlyadj.极端的；致命的

Adeadlydiseaseaffecteddolphinsseveralyearsago.

几年前一种致命疾病威胁海豚的生命。

adv.极其；非常

Broadcastnewswasaccurateandreliablebutdeadlyboring.

新闻广播准确可靠但却非常枯燥。

②dyingadj.垂死的；临终的

It'llstayinmymindtillmydyingday.

它将长存我心，直到生命的终点。

|幺|句析

定语从句中，先行词为those（那些人），后面关系词只能用who。

注意：关系词只能用who的情况：

①先行词是anyone,those,all,one,ones等指人时：

Onewhodoesnotworkhardwillneversucceed.

Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.

Thosewholearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillmakeprogress.

②在therebe...句型中，先行词为人时：

Thereisaboyoutsidewhowantstoseeyou.

叵］难点

小小「限制性定语从句®

种类

1非限制性定语从句©

结构-先行词+关系词+从句的其它部分®

定语从句主语:who/that©

____,宾语：(who/whom/that)©

先行词指''人〃、

定语：whose=the+n.+ofwhom©

、、表语：that®

关系司的选主语：which/that/as©

宾语：(which/that/as)®

先行词指''物"''事"定语：whose=th什n.+ofwhich®

表语：that/as©

状语：when/where/why/how=介词+which

目|典例精析

Correctthesentences.

1.Tmusingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.

2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?

3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.

4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe'llneverforget.

5.1stillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem.

6.Tmgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.

7.Thosethathaven'tbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.

8.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.

答案：

1.将it去掉。

解析：该句子先行词为pen,在定语从句中充当bought的宾语，故it多余。

2.在factory后力口上theone。

解析：这是个疑问句，首先转换成陈述句：Thatfactoryiswhichyourfatheronceworked

ino很显然，该句缺乏先行词，我们添加代词theone。其次theone在从句中充当in的宾语，

所以关系词用which没问题。

3.在spoke后力口上to。

解析：因为speak是不及物动词，正确表达为：speaktosb.

4.将when改为which/that/省略。

解析：该句子中的先行词为day,虽然表示时间，但day作为从句forget的宾语，而不是

状语,故关系词为which/that/省略。

5.在holidays后面加上when。

解析：该句子可以判断先行词为holidays,在从句中充当时间状语，不能省略，所以加上

wheno

6.将where改成which/that。

解析：先行词为hospital,在从句中充当主语，故填which/that。句意为“我将前往需要

我的那家医院工作”。

7.将that改为who。

解析：先行词为those,在句子中充当主语，只能填写who。

8.将which改为it或是将and去掉。

解析：该句子主要考查主从复合句和并列句的区别。但是两者不可混淆在一起。and引

导并列句，故后面句子不能有which,改成it即可。要么将其看作定语从句，贝Ijand去掉。

Readingforwriting

QI:WhatwasChandraTheeravitdoingwhenthetsunamihappened?

A:Shewashavingbreakfastwithherthreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingherhome.

Theyhadtoleaveeverythingandrantosafety.

Q2:Thisisanewsreport,whichhassomefeatures.Canyoulistsomeof

them?

A:Thefirstparagraphwillcoverthebasicinformationofthenews,includingtheplace,time,

people,whathappenedetc.

B:Newsreportusuallyemploysthestatisticstodescribethesituation.Forinstance,...killing

morethan6,500people;...reachedamagnitudeof9.0;...atleast1870peoplewerekilled.These

numberscouldconveyhowdangeroustheconditionis.Peopleareverypoorandhelplessatthat

time.

C:Thetitleofthenewsreportusuallytellsusthemaincontentofthepassages,andifs

usuallyreleasedsoonafterthedisaster.

凹课文原句

Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.Wehadto

leaveeverythingandruntosafety

{$)-核心考点

Somebodywasdoingsomethingwhen...解释为“某人正在做某事的时候突然...”

及拓展

Somebodywasabouttodosomethingwhen...某人正要做某事的时候突然...

Iwasabouttoleavehomewhenthetelephonerang.我正要离开家时突然电话铃声响了。

叵］难点

Howtowriteasummary?

1.Beclear,briefandobjective.

2.Includeallthemainpointsfollowingthesameorderoftheoriginalinformation,without

specificfactslikenumbersorstatistics.

3.Havethetopicsentencewithtitle,authororspeaker.

4.Paraphrase.

Inthearticle,(author'slastname)(year)argues(claims/reports/contends/maintains

/states)that(mainidea/argument;S+V+C).

Example:Inhisarticle,Serwer(1997)describeshowMichaelDellfoundedDellComputers

andclaimsthatDell'slow-cost,direct-salesstrategyandhighqualitystandardsaccountedfor

Deirsenormoussuccess.

目|典例精析

Writeasummaryofthefollowingnews.

HowChina'sinfluencermarketcouldbeamodelelsewhere.

ByChrisStokel-Walker

23rdJuly2019

Untillastyear,Zhang"BB"Xiwasjustanother20-somethingwithadreamofmakingitbig.

The23-year-oldfromChongqinghadaround300,000fansacrossallhersocialmediaplatforms

whowatchedhervlogs.Itwasalargenumber,givenheryouth.

Survivalofthefittest

Fromthe800amateursRuhnnidentifieseverymonth,betweenfiveand10areoffereda

contract.ThisgivesRuhnnexclusiveportraitrightsandtherighttooperatetheinfluencer'ssocial

mediaaccountsande-commercestores.InfluencersworkcloselywithRuhnntodecidewhich

productstomarket.

Themodelisn'tuniquetoChina:grewquicklyinothercountriesintheearly2010sas

YouTubebecameamajormediaplatformandsomeofitsearlystarscelebrities.Butitfailed

becausemanyearlyadopterstookafeeformanagingtheirtalentwhileprovidingverylittlein

return.

ThefirstinfluencerthatRuhnninvestedinwasDayiZhang,whoZhoucalls"thequeenof

e-commerce.^^She'ssold$145mworthofproductsonline(Credit:RuhnnHolding)

China5sinfluencerindustryhasacceleratedfarmorequicklyandprovidesmorelucrative

careersforitscreators-DavidCraig.DavidCraig,aco-authorofSocialMediaEntertainment,

saysthatwhiletheindustrymayarguablybenewerthanitsWestern-basedcounterpart,China9s

industry“hasacceleratedfarmorequicklyandprovidesmorelucrativecareersforitscreators^^.

ThesameisthecaseinChina."It'salmostlikeyoucan'tbeanindependentinfluencer

anymore,9,saysHallanan.""Socialnetworksreallyareencouragingtheseinfluencerstoworkwith

theMCNs."Workingwithlargecompaniesreassuresadvertisersandsocialnetworksthat

influencershavebeenvettedandwillactresponsibly-whilealsoensuringtheyaredependablein

theirposts.

Thesystemdoesmeanthatindependentinfluencerscangetleftbehind,andthatthosewho

arerepresentedmusthandoverafaircutoftheirincome-thoughRuhnnwouldn'tdisclosehow

much.Buttheprosmayoutweighthecons."You'repartofacommunityofinfluencersandyou

cantypicallycreatealotmoreprofessionalcontentbecauseyou'reprovidedwithresources,says

Hallanan.

参考答案：

Inthearticle,Walker(2019)claimsthatChina5sinfluencermarketcouldbeamodel

elsewhereanditdevelopedsoquicklyandsuccessfullybecausetheycloselyworkedwithRuhnn

todecidewhichproductstomarket.

◎I同步练习

（答题时间：40分钟）

一、完形填空

Thewholeschoolwastalkingaboutthecomingtripatawintercamp.And

everyonewas1,exceptme.

uTilhateit,Itoldmyparents.aTilgethomesick（想家的）.I'lllookstupid

atwintersports,andeveryonewill2me.”

“Youmightbesurprised,Bree,“saidMom,"Theonlywaytofindoutisto

3

“It'swhatgrowingupisallabout,“Dadadded.When4thecamp,

wewereaskedtoshareone5.

“I'mafraidI'llbehomesick,“someonesaid

Iwasn'ttheonlyone!Ibeganto6.Afterlunch,wewereaskedtoski

（滑雪）downtothefield.Iskied7,butIstillhitapieceoficeand

8.

“Ha!Ha!”Behindme,somebodystartedlaughing.I9toseewho

wasmakingfunofme.Tomy10Isawagirlinthesameawkward（尴尬的）

positionIwasin."IthoughtI'dbebadatthis.11TmworsethanIexpected!”

shesaid

12,Istartedlaughingtoo.Afterbeingso13offalling,itwasacomfort

nottofearitanymore.

Atdinnertime,Iwassohappytobetalkingaboutinterestingthingsthat114

tofeelhomesick.

Thenextday,Iwas15totryskijumpingfirst,eventhoughIdidnrtwant

to.Butwhenmyfeetlefttheground,IfeltIwas16anditwaswonderful

MaybeDadwasrightwhenhesaid“Youmight"itifyougiveita

chance!”

Maybethekindof18MomandDadweretalkingabouthadmoretodo

withmyoutlook（态度）thanmylooks.Weall19fittinginandfailingwhen

wetry20things.Sometimesyou'regottofallonyourfacetodiscoverhow

muchyou'vegotincommon.

1.A.strangeB.sadC.nervousD.excited

2.A.speaktoB.waitforC.laughatD.talkabout

3.A.tryB.dreamC.changeD.move

4.A.searchingforB.returningtoC.makingupD.arrivingat

5.A.storyB.fearC.purposeD.fact

6.A.eatB.askC.relaxD.sleep

7.A.carefullyB.interestinglyC.finallyD.quickly

8.A.wentoutB.gaveupC.ranawayD.felldown

9.A.walkedaroundB.stoodupC.lookedbackD.steppedover

10.A.shameB.surpriseC.pleasureD.regret

11.A.butB.soC.becauseD.or

12.A.QuietlyB.HopefullyC.UnhappilyD.Suddenly

13.A.tiredB.proudC.certainD.afraid

14.A.failedB.refusedCforgotD.stopped

15.A.preparedB.chosenC.protectedD.allowed

16.A.flyingB.cryingC.learningD.dying

17.A.preventB.trustC.discoverD.enjoy

18.A.winningbackB.showingoffC.growingupD.working

out

19.A.catchupB.worryaboutC.believeinD.pointout

20.A.newB.easyC.rightD.popular

二、语法填空

IclimbedKilimanjarowithLavaExpeditionsduringtherainyseason.

I1(fly)toNairobiinKenyaandspentseveraldaysthere.Atmy

hotelinNairobiImettherestofthegroupwithwhomIwouldspendthenext

week.Wealltravelledonthebustogetherfor28-hourjourneyinto

TanzaniaandthenArusha,aquiettown.

AfterwearrivedatourhotelinArusha,wehaddinnerandafewdrinks.

Thenwe3(introduce)tomoremembersincludingTaddeusMinja,the

mainguide,4wasveryexperienced-climbingKilimanjarorunsthrough

thegenerationsof5(he)family.

ThenextdaytheLavaExpeditionsmemberscheckedifwehadthecorrect

andenoughclothingforourexpeditiononKilimanjaro.Onlyonepersonneeded

tobring6(many)clothes.

Afterthatwesetoff,7(walk)intherainthroughthebeautyofthe

rainforest,allthewaytothefirstcamp.Iwashappythenextfewdaysastheview

wassowonderfulandchangedeveryday.IsufferedalittleduringthetripandI

feltsotired.ButthemembersofLavaExpeditionsprovidedmewithlotsof

encouragement,whichwasoneofthebest8(memory).Finallywe

reachedthetopofKilimanjaroinbrightblueskies.

IfeltexcitedaboutclimbingKilimanjaroandthefeelingdidn'tchangeduring

mytrip.ThefellowmembersofLavaExpeditionslooked9mesowell

thatIwas10(deep)thankfulfortheirhelp.

三、应用文写作

假设你是校学生会主席李华，学校将举办一次主题为“Howtostaysafe

duringanearthquake,,的讲座。请你根据以下提示用英语写一份书面通知。

1.背景：去年此时该地发生地震，给当地人民造成了一定的损失：部分房屋

倒塌，人员被困；部分道路受阻，供水供电中断；死伤人数超过50。

2.讲座地点：校体育馆

讲座时间：周六下午2：00—4：00

主讲人：李辉老师

要求：全体学生按时到场，认真听讲。

注意：

1.词数80左右；

2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；

3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：损失bss；体育馆gym；讲座lecture。

Notice

Alectureonhowtostaysafeduringanearthquakeisaroundthecomer.

TheStudents'Union

参考答案

【文章大意】在成长过程中我们或许会害怕尝试新事物，或许会害怕失败，然而,

这些都是成长的必经阶段。在此过程中，我们需要以积极向上的态度来面对这一

切。

1.D根据该空后的exceptme和111hateit可知，作者不想去冬令营，然而其

他人都很"兴奋（excited）”。故选D。

2.C根据前半句Fillookstupidatwintersports可知，由于不擅长冬季运动

项目，作者害怕别人会"笑话（bughat）”她。故选C。

3.A作者的妈妈鼓励作者自己去"尝试（try）”。故选A。

4.D根据文章首句中的thecomingtripatawintercamp可知，此处指“到达

（arrivingat）v营地。故选D。

5.B根据下一句中的Ymafraid111behomesick可知，大家分享一件"害怕的

事（fear）”。故选B。

6.C作者一开始担心自己会想家，担心会被别人笑话，因此听到别人说想家

时，她开始“放心（relax）”了。故选C。

7.A根据上文中的I'Hlookstupidatwintersports可知，由于作者不擅长冬

季体育运动，因此她“小心翼翼地（carefully）”滑雪。故选A。

8.D根据该空前的Istillhitapieceofice可知，作者撞到一块冰上，"摔倒了

（felldown）"。故选D□

9.C根据上一句Behindme,somebodystartedlaughing可知，有人在作者身

后发出笑声，因此作者“朝身后看去（lookedback）”，想知道究竟是谁在笑。故

选Co

10.B根据该空后的IsawagirlinthesameawkwardpositionIwasin可知，

作者原本以为有人在笑她，然而令她“诧异（surprise）”的是，有一个女孩也摔

倒了。故选B。

11.AIthoughtTdbebadatthis与I'mworsethanIexpected之间为转折关

系，故选A。

12.D女孩所说的话让作者也“突然（Suddenly）”笑了起来。故选D。

13.D根据上文的描述可知，作者一直"害怕（afraid）”摔倒。故选D。

14.C根据该空前的happytobetalkingaboutinterestingthings可知，作者

在晚饭时和别人聊得很开心，以至于“忘了（forgot）”想家。故选Co

15.B根据后半句eventhough1didn,twantto可知，作者在第二天被"选中

（chosen）”第一个尝试跳台滑雪。故选B。

16.A根据该空前的myfeetlefttheground和该空后的itwaswonderful可

知，作者感觉自己在"飞翔(Hying)”。故选A。

17.D作者在此体会到跳台滑雪给她带来的乐趣，因此，她认同爸爸说的“你

尝试后或许会"喜欢(enjoy)”上它的“。故选D。

18.C根据上文中的''支swhatgrowingupisallabout,“Dadadded可矢口，

作