中国自然资源分析报告-培训课件外文版2024.6

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MARKETSNaturalresourcesinChinaCHAPTER

01OverviewThe30largestcountriesintheworldbytotalarea(insquarekilometers)LargestcountriesintheworldbyareaAreainsquarekilometers02,000,0004,000,0006,000,0008,000,00010,000,00012,000,00014,000,00016,000,00018,000,000Russia17,098,242Canada9,984,670USAChina9,833,5179,596,960BrazilAustralia8,515,7707,741,220India3,287,263ArgentinaKazakhstan2,780,4002,724,9002,381,741AlgeriaDemocraticRepublicofCongoGreenland2,344,8582,166,0862,149,690SaudiArabia4Description:Thestatisticshowsthe30largestcountriesintheworldbyarea.Russiaisthelargestcountrybyfar,withatotalareaofabout17millionsquarekilometers.ReadmoreNote(s):Source(s):CIACountrieswithlargestnaturalgasreservesworldwidein2022,bytype(inbillioncubicmeters)Globalnaturalgasreserves2022,bycountryandtypeReservesinbillioncubicmetersConventional20,000Shalegas25,000Coalbedmethane30,000

35,00005,00010,00015,00040,00045,00050,00055,000RussiaIranQatarUnitedStatesTurkmenistanSaudiArabiaUAEChinaNigeriaVenezuela5Description:Russiahaslargernaturalgasreservesthananyothercountryintheworld.Asof2022,around47,800billioncubicmetersworthofnaturalgaswereheldinreservesacrossthecountry.Themajorityofthesereserveswereconventional.Meanwhile,theUnitedStatesheldthelargestunconventionalgasreserves.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):BGRReservesofironoreworldwidein2023,bycountry(inmillionmetrictons)Globalironorereserves2023,bytopcountryReservesinmillionmetrictonsIroncontent30,000Crudeore40,000010,00020,00050,00060,00070,0001,300AustraliaBrazil58,00015,00014,00034,000RussiaChinaUkraineCanadaIndia29,0006,90020,0002,3002,3003,4006,5006,0005,5001,500IranUnitedStatesPeruKazakhstanSweden3,3001,3003,1001,2002,6002,5009006001,3006Description:ThereservesofcrudeironoreinAustralia,thecountrywiththeworld'slargestironorereserves,wereestimatedtobeapproximately58billionmetrictonsin2023.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023Source(s):USGeologicalSurveyLeadingcountriesbasedoncopperreservesworldwidein2023(inmillionmetrictons)Globalcopperreserves2023,bycountryReservesinmillionmetrictons80

1000204060120140160180200ChilePeru190120AustraliaDRCongoRussia1008080Mexico53UnitedStatesChina5041Poland34IndonesiaZambia242120KazakhstanCanada7.6Othercountries1807Description:In2023,China'scopperreserveswereestimatedatapproximately41millionmetrictons.ThisfigureplacedChinaeighthonaglobalrankingbasedoncopperreserves.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023Source(s):USGeologicalSurveyReservesofrareearthsworldwideasof2023,bycountry(in1,000metrictonsREO)Rareearthreservesworldwide2023,bycountryReservesinthousandmetrictonsREOChinaVietnamRussia44,00022,00021,000BrazilIndia10,0006,9005,7004,500AustraliaTanzaniaUnitedStatesGreenlandCanada1,8001,5008307904.5SouthAfricaThailand8Description:China'sreservesofrareearthsamountedtoanestimated44millionmetrictonsofrareearthoxideequivalent(REO)in2023,therebymakingittheworld'sleadingcountrybasedonreservesofrareearths.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023Source(s):USGeologicalSurveyReservesoflithiumworldwideasof2023,bycountry(in1,000metrictons)Worldlithiumreserves2023,bycountryReservesinthousandmetrictons01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,00010,000ChileAustraliaArgentinaChina9,3006,2003,6003,000UnitedStatesCanada1,100930ZimbabweBrazil310390Portugal609Description:In2023,reservesoflithiuminChileamountedtoanestimated9.3millionmetrictons,thelargestworldwide.Thatsameyear,theUnitedStateshadtotallithiumreservesofapproximately1.1millionmetrictons.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023Source(s):USGeologicalSurveyCHAPTER

02FossilfuelsProvedcrudeoilandliquidsreservesinChinafrom1990to2020(inbillionmetrictons)ProvedoilreservesinChina1990-20204.03.53.02.53.573.543.543.543.53.53.433.373.333.243.172.492.232.192.072.01.51.00.50.019901995200020052010201120122013201420152016201720182019202011Description:China'soilreservesamountedtoaround3.5billionmetrictonsin2020.TheoilindustryinChinaisstronglyinfluencedbyitsgrowingpopulationandthepoliticalconditionsofthecountry.ReadmoreNote(s):China;1990to2020Source(s):EnergyInstitute;Kearney;KPMGProvednaturalgasreservesinChinainselectedyearsfrom2005to2022(inbillioncubicmeters)NaturalgasreservesinChina2005-20227,0006,0005,0006,569.016,339.276,266.584,0003,707.422,818.543,0002,0001,00002005201020202021202212Description:ThisstatisticshowsprovednaturalgasreservesinChinainselectedyearsbetween2005and2022.In2022,China'snaturalgasreservesamountedtoaround6,569billioncubicmeters.

ReadmoreNote(s):ChinaSource(s):MinistryofNaturalResources(China)ProvedcoalreservesinChinafrom2011to2020,bytype*(inmillionmetrictons)ProvedcoalreservesinChina,bytype2011-2020AnthraciteandbituminousSub-bituminousandlignite160,000140,000120,000100,00080,00060,00040,00020,0000201120182019202013Description:China'scoalprovedreservesamountedtoroughly143.2billionmetrictonsin2020.Duringtheperiodinconsideration,anthraciteandbituminousreservesweregreaterthansub-bituminousandlignitereserves,andsince2016,thisdifferencebecameevenmorenoticeable.Asof2020,China'santhraciteandbituminousreservesaccountedforaround94percentfromthecountry'stotalcoalreserves.Chinaisoneofthelargestconsumersofcoalintheworldandusesahighvolumeof[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):China;2011to2020;*Accordingtothesource,provedreservesofcoalaretakentobethosequantitiesthatgeologicalandengineeringinformationindicateswithreasonablecertaintycanberecoveredinthefuturefromknowndeposits[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):EnergyInstitute;Kearney;KPMGOilproductioninChinafrom1998to2022(in1,000barrelsperday)OilproductioninChina1998-20225,0004,5004,0003,5003,0002,5002,0001,5001,00050001998

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202214Description:In2022,theoilproductioninChinaamountedtooverfourmillionbarrelsperday.TheoilindustryinChinaislargelyinfluencedbythepopulationsizeaswellaspoliticalconditionsinthecountry.Theoilindustryisdominatedbystate-ownedcompanies,includingChinaNationalOffshoreOilCorp.ReadmoreNote(s):China;1998to2022Source(s):EnergyInstitute;Kearney;KPMGMonthlycrudeoilproductioninChinafromMarch2021toMarch2024(inmillionmetrictons)CrudeoilproductionpermonthinChina2021-2024403530252035.1133.4718.1818.0717.0917.031717.216.9417.2217.3117.216.8716.8716.8716.6116.31151015Description:InMarch2024,roughly18.37millionmetrictonsofcrudeoilwereproducedinChina.Thiswasanincreasecomparedtothesametwomonthsthepreviousyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):China;March2021toMarch2024;*ThefiguresforJanuaryandFebruarywerepublishedtogethertocurbtheeffectoftheChineseNewYearwhicheachyearfallsbetweenJanuary21andFebruary21.Valueshavebeenrounded.The[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):NationalBureauofStatisticsofChinaNaturalgasproductioninChinafrom2000to2023(inbillioncubicmeters)NaturalgasproductioninChina2000-20232502001501005002000

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202316Description:Chinaproduced232.43billioncubicmetersofnaturalgasin2023.Thiswasanincreaseofover12billioncubicmeterscomparedtothepreviousyearandalsothehighestfigureintheperiodofconsideration.

ReadmoreNote(s):China;2000to2023Source(s):NationalBureauofStatisticsofChinaProductionofcoalinChinafrom1998to2022(inexajoules)CoalproductionvolumeinChina1998-202210090807060504030201001998

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202217Description:China'scoalproductionamountedto92.22exajoulesin2022,upbynearly10.5percentincomparisontothepreviousyear.ThisfigurealsorepresentedthelargestproductionrecordedintheEastAsiancountrysince1998.Duringtheperiodinconsideration,coalproductioninChinaincreasedbyover64exajoules.Chinaisoneoftheworld'slargestcoalconsumers,withalargeshareofitselectricitybeinggeneratedbycoalsources.Italsohasoneofthelargestcoalreservesintheworld.

ReadmoreNote(s):China;1998to2022Source(s):EnergyInstitute;Kearney;KPMGCHAPTER

03MineralresourcesReservesofmetallicmineralsinChinain2022,bytypeMetallicmineralreservesinChina2022.bytypeMineral

reserves670Antimony(1,000metrictons)Bauxiteore(millionmetrictons)Chromite(millionmetrictons)Cobalt(1,000metrictons)675.532.79160Copper(millionmetrictons)Gold(1,000metrictons)40.773.13Ironore(billiontons)16.2521.876.35Lead(millionmetrictons)Lithium(millionmetrictonsLi2O)Manganeseore(millionmetrictons)Molybdenum(millionmetrictons)Nickel(millionmetrictonsofmetal)Platinumgroupmetals(inmetrictons)275.615.94.3580.9119Description:In2022,China'stotalremainingprovedandtechnicallyrecoverablereservesofcopperamountedto40.77millionmetrictonsofmetal.Forsilver,thetotalofprovedreservesandprobablereservesamountedtoaround70,340metrictonsofmetalthatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):China;2022;totalofprovedreservesandprobablereservesSource(s):MinistryofNaturalResources(China)ReservesofnonmetallicmineralsinChinain2022,bytypeNonmetallicmineralreservesinChina2022.bytypeMineral

reserves7.13Asbestos(milliontonsofminerals)Barite(milliontonsofore)107.36171.6Bentonite(milliontonsofore)Boron(milliontonsofB2O3)9.01Crystallinegraphite(milliontonsofminerals)Diamond(kilogramsofminerals)Diatomite(milliontonsofore)81.01183.19123.2385.92Fluorspar(milliontonsofminerals)Glass-makingsiliceousrock(billiontonsofore)Gypsum(billiontonsofore)1.861.76Kaolin(milliontonsofore)693.4539.71Limestoneforcement(billiontonsofore)Magnesite(milliontonsofore)680.1220Description:In2022,China'stotalprovedandprobabletechnicallyrecoverablereservesofpyriteamountedtoaround1.15billionmetrictonsofore.Forbarite,thetotalofprovedreservesandprobablereservesamountedtoaround107.36millionmetrictonsoforethatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):China;2022;totalofprovedreservesandprobablereservesSource(s):MinistryofNaturalResources(China)ProductionofironoreinChinafrom2015to2023(inmillionmetrictons)ProductionvolumeofironoreinChina2015-2023450397394400350300250200150100503663603513453352802720201520162017201820192020202120222023*21Description:In2023,anestimated280millionmetrictonsofironorewasextractedinChina.Chinaisthethird-largestproducerofironoreintheworld.ReadmoreNote(s):China;2015to2023;*Estimate.Figuresareonusableorebasis.Thisstatistichasbeenassembledusingseveraleditionsofthereport.

ReadmoreSource(s):USGeologicalSurveyMineproductionofcopperinChinafrom2010to2023(in1,000metrictons)China'scoppermineproduction2010-20232,5002,0001,9401,9001,9101,7601,7101,7101,7201,7001,6801,6301,6001,5901,5001,3101,2001,000500020102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023*22Description:In2023,Chinaproducedanestimated1.7millionmetrictonsofcopperfrommines.Thisfigurerepresentsaslightdecreasefromthepreviousyear,whichsawthepeakofChina'scoppermineproductionintheperiodofconsideration.

ReadmoreNote(s):China;2010to2023;*Estimated.Thisstatisticwasassembledusingseveraleditionsofthereport.ReadmoreSource(s):USGeologicalSurveyMineproductionofrareearthsinChinafrom2010to2023(inmetrictonsREO)RareearthsmineproductioninChina2010-2023300,000250,000200,000150,000240,000210,000168,000140,000132,000130,000120,000105,000105,000

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105,000100,00095,0002013100,00050,0000201020112012201420152016201720182019202020212022202323/statistics/1294380/rare-earths-mine-production-in-chinaChinaistheworld'slargestproducerofrareearthsbyalargemargin.In2023,China'sproductionquotaofrareearthsamountedto240,000metrictonsofrare-earth-oxide(REO)equivalent.Thisfiguredoesnotincludeundocumentedproductionvolumes.ReadmoreNote(s):China;2010to2023Source(s):ArgusMedia;USGeologicalSurveyChina'sshareofrareearthsproductionworldwidefrom2016to2023ShareofglobalrareearthsproductioninChina2016-202390%78.9%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%71.4%70%68.8%63.2%60.3%57.6%57.9%2016201720182019202020212022*2023*24Description:In2023,China'sproductionquotaofrareearthsaccountedfornearly70percentofglobalproduction.Chinaistheworld'slargestrareearthsproducerbyalargemargin.Itsglobalproductionsharehasincreasedagainafterreachingalowat57.6percentin2020.ReadmoreNote(s):China;2016to2023;*Estimated.Calculatedbasedonthe(rounded)productionquotafiguresinmetrictonsofrare-earthoxide(REO)equivalentcontent.Therawdatausedinthesecalculationsdonotincludeundocumentedrareearths[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):USGeologicalSurveyMineproductionoflithiuminChinafrom2010to2023(inmetrictons)LithiummineproductionvolumeinChina2010-202335,00033,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,000022,60014,00013,30010,80020197,10020186,80020174,70020134,50020124,14020113,95020102,30020142,20020152,30020162020202120222023*25Description:In2023,China'smineproductionoflithiumamountedtoanestimated33,000metrictons.ThatwasthelargestproductionvolumeoflithiumfromChinaduringtheperiodconsidered.ReadmoreNote(s):China;2010to2023;*Estimated.Thisstatisticwasassembledusingseveraleditionsofthereport.ReadmoreSource(s):USGeologicalSurveyCHAPTER

04ExplorationInvestmentsingeologicalexplorationinoilandgasandmineralresourcesinChinafrom2010to2022(inbillionyuan)InvestmentingeologicalexplorationinChina2010-2022,bymineraltypeOilandgasNon-oilorgas14012010080514740.618.6417.144.317.3840.716.1671.02202032.917.419.824.76082.182.3920224079.91202178.774.172.167.563.761.76058.452.8200201020112012201320142015201620172018201927Description:In2022,Chinainvestedaround82billionyuaningeologicalexplorationforoilandgas.Nonoilandgasmineralresourceshasaexplorationinvestmentamountingto18.64billionyuanthatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):China;2010to2022Source(s):MinistryofNaturalResources(China)Investmentvolumeingeologicalexplorationinnon-oilandgasresourcesChinaasof2022,bytypeofresources(inmillionyuan)Investmentinnon-oilorgasgeologicalexplorationinChina2022,bymajormineralInvestmentinmillionyuan02004006008001,0001,2001,4001,6001,800CoalUraniumGold1,6531,1701,071Copper657Lead-zincIronore572424PhosphorusBauxite288255TungstenGraphiteSilver148142122PotashManganeseore848328Description:In2022,Coalwasthenon-oilandgasresourcewiththehighestamountofinvestmentsinChina,withsome1.65billionyuan.Goldwastheresourcewiththethirdhighestinvestment,withroughlyonebillionyuan.Bycomparison,Nickelwastheresourcewiththelowestgeologicalexplorationinvestment.ReadmoreNote(s):China;2022Source(s):MinistryofNaturalResources(China)InvestmentingeologicalexplorationformineralresourcesChinain2022,bysegment(inbillionyuan)InvestmentinmineralexplorationinChina2022,bysegmentInvestmentinbillionyuan01234567891011Mineralexploration9.92Hydrogeology,environmentalgeology,andgeologicaldisastersurveyandevaluation4.54GeologicalscienceandtechnologyandcomprehensiveresearchBasicgeologicalsurvey2.111.86Geologicaldataserviceanddigitalization0.2129Description:Asoneoftheworld'sleadingminingcountries,China'sgeologicalexplorationinvestmentsareanimportantaspectoftheindustry'sdevelopment.Asof2022,Chinainvestednearly10billionyuaninmineralexploration.ReadmoreNote(s):China;2022;non-oilandgasmineralsSource(s):MinistryofNaturalResources(China)CHAPTER

05InternationaltradeImportvolumeofcrudeoiltoChinafrom2013to2023(inmillionmetrictons)ImportvolumeofcrudeoiltoChina2013-2023600500400563.99542.01512.92505.68508.23461.89419.57381.01335.5308.37281.7430020010002013201420152016201720182019202020212022202331Description:In2023,Chinaimportedaround564millionmetrictonsofcrudeoil,increasingfromabout508millionmetrictonsinthepreviousyear.China'scrudeoilimportshaveseenanupwardtrendinthepastdecade,doublingcomparedto2013.

ReadmoreNote(s):China;2013to2023Source(s):ChinaCustoms;NationalBureauofStatisticsofChinaMainsuppliersofcrudeoiltoChinain2012and2022(inmillionmetrictons)CrudeoilimportvolumeinChina2012-2022,bycountryImportvolumeinmillionmetrictons20224020210102030506070809010087.4987.5786.25SaudiArabiaRussia79.6455.4954.08Iraq42.77UnitedArabEmiratesOman31.9439.3744.8235.68Malaysia18.5333.2830.16Kuwait30.09Angola39.1524.93Brazil30.38.65Colombia9.4632/statistics/1310953/oil-imports-by-country-chinaSaudiArabiaisChina'smaincrudeoilsupplier.In2022,Chinaimportednearly87.5millionmetrictonsworthofcrudeoilfromtheMiddleEasternproducinggiant.Infact,themajorityofChina'soilimportsoriginatedfromcountriesintheMiddleEast.ReadmoreNote(s):China;2012and2022Source(s):InternationalTradeCentreImportvolumeofliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)inChinafrom2012to2021(inmillionmetrictons)LNGimportvolumeinChina2012-2021807060504071.5867.1360.6753.8138.123026.05201619.8319.662015182010014.682012201320142017201820192020202133Description:Chinaimportedapproximately71.58millionmetrictonsofLNGin2021.LiquefiednaturalgastradingtoChinahasnotablyincreasedsince2012,whensome14.68millionmetrictonshadbeenbroughtintothecountry.AustraliaisChina'smainLNGsupplier.ReadmoreNote(s):China;2012to2021Source(s):InternationalTradeCentreMainsuppliersofliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)toChinain2020and2021(inmillionmetrictons)LNGimportvolumeinChina2020-2021,bycountryImportvolumeinmillionmetrictons2021

202015051020253028.5735AustraliaUnitedStatesQatar29.068.093.217.88.177.48Malaysia6.114.74IndonesiaRussia5.134.225.082.963.02PapuaNewGuineaOman1.51.071.41Nigeria2.441.19Egypt0.0634Description:AustraliaistheleadingsupplierofLNGtoChina.In2021,Chinapurchasedsome28.57millionmetrictonsofliquefiednaturalgasfromAustralianproducers,whichaccountedformorethanonethirdofthetotalLNGimportvolumeinChina.ReadmoreNote(s):China;2020and2021Source(s):InternationalTradeCentreImportsofnaturalgasviapipelinestoChinafrom2019to2022(inbillioncubicmeters)ImportsofnaturalgasviapipelinestoChina2019-20227062.2605749.55040302010047201920202021202235/statistics/1369135/natural-gas-imports-to-china-via-pipelinesThevolumeofnaturalgasimportedtoChinaviapipelinesin2022was62.2billioncubicmeters(bcm).ThiswasanincreaseofapproximatelyfivebcmcomparedtothevolumeofnaturalgasimportedtoChinathroughpipelinenetworksin2021.

ReadmoreNote(s):China;2019to2022Source(s):GECF;Refinitiv;estimatesImportvolumeofcoaltoChinabetween2012and2022(inmilliontons)ImportvolumeofcoaltoChina2012-2022350327.02323.27303.61299.77293.2291.2288.4130025020015010050282.1270.92255.55204.0602012201320142015201620172018201920202021202236Description:ThisstatisticshowstheimportvolumeofcoalinChinabetween2012and2022.In2022,Chinaimportedapproximately293.2millionmetrictonsofcoal.ReadmoreNote(s):China;2012to2022Source(s):ChinaCustoms;NationalBureauofStatisticsofChinaImportvolumeofironoreinChinabetween2012and2022(inmilliontons)IronoreimportvolumeinChina2012-20221,4001,2001,169.51,124.041,106.171,074.741,068.651,064.121,023.95952.721,000932.34819.18006004002000743.62012201320142015201620172018201920202021202237Description:In2022,Chinaimportedapproximately1.1billionmetrictonsofironore.Intheperiodofconsideration,thehighestironoreimportvolumeinChinawasrecordedin2020.ReadmoreNote(s):China;2012to2022Source(s):ChinaCustoms;NationalBureauofStatisticsofChinaImportvolumeofironoretoChinain2023,bymajorcountryoforigin(inmillionmetrictons)IronoreimportvolumeinChina2023,bycountryoforiginImportvolumeinmillionmetrictons300

4000100200500600700800AustraliaBrazil737.43248.69IndiaSouthAfricaPeru36.5735.8319.74Canada16.4312.5410.069.67ChileIranRussianFederationSierraLeoneMauritaniaKazakhstanMongoliaLaos9.367.535.955.83.46Oman3.1338Description:In2023,AustraliawasChina'slargestsupplierofironorebyasignificantmargin,accountingforaround737millionmetrictonsofironoreimportstoChina.Brazilwasthesecond-largestsourceofChineseironoreimportsthatyear.China'stotalironoreimportsamountedtoatotalofapproximately1.18billionmetrictonsin2023.ReadmoreNote(s):China;2023Source(s):ChinaCustoms;TradeMapAnnualexportvolumeofrareearthsinChinafrom2017to2022(inmetrictons)RareearthsexportvolumeinChina2017-202260,00053,031.451,199.550,00048,917.748,727.846,330.440,00030,00020,00010,00035,447.5020172018201920202021202239Description:In2022,Chinaexportedaround48,727.8tonsofrareearths.Sincetherareearthexportquotawasintroducedbythecentralgovernmentin2009,exportsofrareearthsfromChinadrasticallydecreased.

ReadmoreNote(s):China;2017to2022Source(s):ChinaCustomsCHAPTER

06WaterresourcesChina'sfreshwaterresourcesfrom2012to2022(inbillioncubicmeters)WaterinChina:freshwaterresources2012-20223,5003,0002,5002,0001,5001,00050002012201320142015201620172018201920202021202241Description:ThisstatisticdepictsthewaterresourcesinChinafrom2012to2022.In2022,thisfigureamountedtoabout2.7trillioncubicmeters.ReadmoreNote(s):China;2012to2022Source(s):MinistryofEcologyandEnvironment(China);NationalBureauofStatisticsofChinaDistributionofsurfacewaterinChinaasofSeptember2023,bywaterqualityDistributionofsurfacewaterinChinaSeptember2023,bywaterqualityWorsethanGradeV1.1%GradeV3.2%GradeI6.5%GradeIV14.1%GradeII45.2%GradeIII29.8%42Description:AsofSeptember2023,around45percentofthesurfacewaterinChinahadbeencategorizedasGradeII,whichservesmainlyasdrinkingwaterandbelongstosurfacewatersourceprimaryprotectionzoneinChina.

ReadmoreNote(s):China;September2023Source(s):MinistryofEcologyandEnvironment(China)(ChinaNationalEnvironmentalMonitoringCentre)AveragegroundwaterqualityinChinain2022,byqualityGroundwaterqualityinChina2022,bylevelGradeV22.4%GradeItoIV77.6%43Description:In2022,around22.4percentofthegroundwatersamplesacrossChinahadbeencategorizedasGradeV,whichservesmainlyasagriculturalwateruseandgenerallandscaperequirementsinChina.

ReadmoreNote(s):China;2022Source(s):MinistryofEcologyandEnvironment(China)AverageriverwaterqualityinChinain2021and2022,byqualityRiverwaterqualityshareinChina2021-2022,bylevel2021202260%50%40%30%20%10%0%53.7%52.4%27.5%27%10.4%9.6%8.3%7.2%1.6%GradeV1%0.9%WorsethanGradeV0.4%GradeIGradeIIGradeIIIGradeIV44Description:In2022,around53.7percentoftheriverwatersamplesacrossChinahadbeencategorizedasGradeII,whichservesmainlyasdrinkingwaterandbelongstosurfacewatersourceprimaryprotectionzoneinChina.

ReadmoreNote(s):China;2021and2022Source(s):MinistryofEcologyandEnvironment(China)KeylakewaterqualityonaverageinChinain2022,byqualityMajorlakewaterqualityinChina2022,bylevel80%73.8%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%4.8%GradeItoIIIWorsethanGradeV45Description:In2022,among210selectedkeylakesacrossChina,around73.8percenthadbeencategorizedwithawaterqualityofGradeItoIII,whichservesmainlyasdrinkingwaterandbelongstosurfacewatersourceprotectionzoneinChina.

ReadmoreNote(s):China;2022Source(s):MinistryofEcologyandEnvironment(China)CHAPTER

07LandareaDistributionoflandareainChinain2022,byusageDistributionoflandareainChina2022,byusage40%35.37%35%30%25%20%15%10%5%32.98%15.92%4.53%4.49%2.94%2.51%1.27%0%ForestsLandAreaofGrassland

CultivatedLandLandforWaterConservancyFacilitiesLandforInhabitation,MiningandWetlandGardenLandLandforTransportFacilitiesManufacturing47Description:ThestatisticshowsthedistributionoflandareainChinain2022,byusage.In2022,cultivatedlandscapesmadeuparound16