高中英语语法概述讲义（无答案）

高中英语语法概述

一、语法结构分析图解

6种实词名词，代词，形容词，副词，动词，数词

词法

3种虚词介词，连词，冠词

A句子成分主，谓，宾，定，状，补，表，同位语，独立成分

5种基本句型1.主+谓2.主+谓+宾3.主+系+表4.主+谓+间宾+直宾

---------------------5.主+谓+宾语+宾补

副词性从句

注释:

5种疑问句1.一般2.特殊（区分好疑问代词和疑问副词）3.反义4.选择5.否定

4种名词性从句1.主语（itis句型）2.宾语3.表语4.同位语

形容词性从句又叫定语从句，包括限制性和非限制性定语从句

副词性从句又叫状语从句，分9大类

结

目

时

让

原

地

比

方

条

果

的

间

步

因

点

较

式

件

状

状

状

状

状

状

状

状

状

语

语

语

语

语

语

语

语

语

从

从

从

从

从

从

从

从

从

句

句

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二、语法概说

（-）英语五大基本句型

1.主系表：Myname'sForrest,ForrestGump.

2.主谓：Mrs.Gumpleavesandclosesthedoor.

3.主谓宾：Mrs.Gumpleavesandclosesthedoor.

4.主谓双宾：NexttoMomma,noonetalkedtomeoraskedmequestions.

5.主谓宾补：DearGod,makeineabirdsoIcanflyfar,far,farawayfromhere.

（二）句型的扩展

手段一：增加修饰语

1.老外学习汉语。

2.全世界的老外学习汉语。

3.全世界的老外玩命学习汉语。

4.全世界的老外玩命学习地道的汉语。

5.全世界的老外为了考汉语八级玩命学习地道的汉语。

手段二：单句组复句

A）通过and,or,but等连接分句组成并列复句。

1.全世界的老外为了考汉语八级玩命学习汉语。

2.老外考了八次也没通过。

3.老外开始宣扬“中国威胁论”。

全世界的老外为了考汉语八级玩命学习汉语，但是考了八次也没通过，于是开始宣扬“中国威胁论

B）由从句充当主句的主语、宾语、定语、状语、或同位语，构成主从复合句。（通过关系代词、关系副词如：what,

when,where,which,who,that等连接词）

1.老外们仍在玩命学习汉语。

2.老外们考汉语八级考了九次还没通过。

3.老外们宣扬“中国威胁论”。

考了九次汉语八级都没通过（定语从句）的老外们仍在玩命学习汉语，（主语从句）这是他们宣扬“中国威胁论”

的主要原因。

（三）四大英语句式

「肯定句ForrestJr.looksintothebusandatthebusdriver.

<r用否定词not:

1.陈述句Forrest!Itoldyounottobotherthisniceyoungman.

用否定词no:

'否定句〈Sometimelater,fornoparticularreason,somebodyshotthatniceyoungPresidentwhenhewas

ridin'inhiscar.

用否定副词never,hardly,seldom等：

'Lifewaslikeaboxofchocolates.Youneverknowwhatyou'regonnaget.

一般疑问句：DidyouhearwhatIsaid,Forrest?Youarenodifferent!

特殊疑问句：What'swrongwithyourlegs?

2.疑问句〈选择疑问句：Well,areyougonnasitdown,oraren'tya?

反意疑问句：Youdon'tsaymuch,doyou?

否定疑问句：Haven'tyoueverseenalittleboywithbracesonhislegsbefore?

3.祈使句:Run,Forest!Run!

「How开首:

4.感叹句4What开首:

一句子或短语表示祝愿、赞美、企盼之类的强烈情感:Wecan'thearyou!Wecan'thearanything!

三、Check

1.Marylikestowearbeautiful_____.

A.dressB.clothC.jacketD.dresses

2.It_____totheairport.

A.takesfortyminute'sdrivetogetB.takesforty-minutedrivetoget

C.isforty-minutes1driveD.isaforty-minutedrive

3.ItisreportedthatschoolsareimnrovinatheirITenvironment.

A.agreatmanyB.agreatdealC.alargeamountofD.alargepartof

4.Shecuttheclothwithscissors.

A.acoupleofB.apairofC.twoD.a

5.—Whobroketheglass?

—Isuppose_____mustbeoneofthechildren.

A.theoneB.heC.itD.who

6.Thestudentsencouragedtogoon.

A.oneafteranotherB.oneanotherC.theotherD.onebyone

7.Willhecomebacktoschooltomorrow?Ihope_

A.thatB.thisC.soD.it

8.Hewasill._____iswhyhedidn'tattendthemeeting.

A.ThisB.ItC.ThereD.That

9.Hisattitudetousis_____ofacomrade.

A.oneB.itC.thatD.those

10.Oneofthestudentshasn'tprepared_____lessonsverywell.

A.one'sB.onesC.theirD.his

11.1remember_____wordhesaidthatday.

A.allB.bothC.eachD.every

12."Howmanyelephantsdidyousee?""_____

A.NoneB.NooneC.NotmanyonesD.Nomany

13._____ofthemknewabouttheplanbecauseitwassecret.

A.SomeB.AnyC.NooneD.None

14.Biologyis_____.

A.scienceoflifeB.scienceofthelifeC.thescienceofthelifeD.thescienceoflife

15.Whenwesawhisface,weknew_____wasbad.

A.thenewsB.somenewsC.anewsD.news

16.Itispleasanttoplavgameoftabletennissummerafternoon.

A.a...the...ontheB.a...X...onaC.the...the...intheD.the...X...ina

17.Whatheavysnow.Let'sgooutforawalkinsnow,shallwe?

A.X...theB.a...theC.a...XD.X...X

18.Therearetenboxesonthedeskandthe______.isyours.

A.nineB.ninethC.ninthD.forth

19.______wasdonebythegirlstudents.

A.OnethreeoftheworkB.Onethirdoftheworks

C.TwothirdoftheworksD.Twothirdsofthework

20.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?

Thisbookiseasyenoughfor

A.asix-year-oldchildB.achildofsixyearsold

C.achildagedsixD.asixyearsoldchild

21.Fifty-sixtwenty-sevenmakeseighty-three.

A.plusB.minusC.timesD.dividedby

22.Everymeans______tried,yetnoresult______encouraginguptonow.

A.havebeen...isB.hasbeen...hasbeenC.have...hasbeenD.has...is

23.Peterwas______tocometoschoolthismorning.

A.asecondB.thesecondC.aNo.twoD.thetwo

24.Tomwithhisfriends______volleyballsincethreeo'clock.

A.hasbeenplayingB.isplayingC.havebeenplayingD.haveplayed

25.Allthatcanbesaid______.

A.hasbeensaidB.havebeensaidC.issaidD.aretobesaid

26.Manyaschoolandmanyahospital______since1949.

A.havesetupB.hassetupC.havebeensetupD.hasbeensetup

27.Twokilograms______tooheavyforasickman.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

28.Agroupofchildren______hideandseekinthegarden.

A.isplayingB.areplayingC.hasbeenplayingD.wasplaying

29.Allbutone______herejustnow.

A.isB.wasC.havebeenD.were

30.Thepolice______forthelostchildeverywhere.

A.islookingB.haslookedC.arelookingD.arelooked

31.Bothbreadandbutter______onsaleinthisshop.

A.isB.areC.haveD.has

32.Theparentsaswellasthebaby______inhighspirits.

A.areB.isC.hasbeenD.havegot

33.Heisoneofthosewho______veryhard.

A.worksB.workC.isD.are

34.Holdthebook______please,forIcan'tseethewordsinitclearly.

A.morecloserB.morecloselyC.closelyD.closer

35.Aliceisakindgirl.Sheis______willingtohelpmestudyinEnglish.

A.veryB.soC.suchD.too

36.Whatisthe______news?

A.lateB.laterC.latestD.latter

37.Whichdoyouthinkis______,wealthorhealth?

A.betterB.thebetterC.bestD.thebest

38.1cannotthankyou______muchofyourkindness.Iowemysuccesstoyou.

A.soB.veryC.tooD.as

39.Itis______foranyonetochoosegoodfriends.

A.themostimportantB.tooimportantthingC.amostimportantD.mostimportant

40.LiPinisthe______manIwanttosee.

A.lastB.lasterC.latestD.latter

41.Themeetinglastedtilllate.

A.intonightB.atnightC.intothenightD.atthenight

42.Pmbadlyinneed______yourhelp.

A.ofB.