2022年陕西省西安市蓝田县高一下学期期末质量检测英语试题

蓝田县2021～2022学年度第二学期期末质量检测高一英语试题注意事项：1.本试卷共10页,全卷满分150分,答题时间为120分钟；2.答卷前,考生须准确填写自己的姓名、准考证号,并认真核准条形码上的姓名、准考证号；3.本试卷由选择题和非选择题两大部分组成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂,非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔书写,涂写要工整、清晰；4.考试结束,监考员将试题卷、答题卡一并收回。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节,满分40分）第一节（共15小题,每小题2分,满分30分）阅读下列四篇短文,从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIfyou’relookingformorethanjustagreattraveldestination,andinterestedinattendingaworld-famousfestivalwhileyou’reonholiday,thefollowinglistcanbehelpful.BurningMan,Nevada,UnitedStatesTheweek-longannualfestivaltakesplaceinthemiddleofthedesert.ItlastsfromthelastMondayinAugusttothefirstMondayinSeptember.Themaineventisburningalargewoodenstatue.Ithasnosinglepurpose,butcallsforparticipantstoexpressthemselves,andsupportscommunity,art,self-expression,self-reliance,communaleffortandsoon.Giftgivingbetweenparticipantsisalsoakeyprincipleofthefestival.Tomorrowland,Boom,BelgiumTomorrowlandisthelargestannualelectronicmusicfestivalintheworld.Startingin2005,itquicklybecameoneofthemostimportantmusicfestivalsintheworldwithhundredsofthousandsofvisitors.ThefestivalisjustseveraldayslongandtakesplaceduringJulyorAugust.SanFermin,Pamplona,SpainTheSanFerminfestivalisheldeveryyearfromnoonofJuly6tillmidnightofJuly14.Themostfamouseventistheencierro(斗牛),ortherunningofthebulls,whichstartsat8：00everydayofthefestival.Morethanamillionpeoplefromtheworldattendthefestivaleveryyear.Oktoberfest,Munich,GermanyThelargestfunfairintheworldspansfor16daysstartingfromlateSeptembereveryyear.Theworld-famousfestivalhasbeenaroundsinceearly19thcentury.ItisheldinTheresienwieseincentralMunichandisbestknownforthemassiveamountofbeerthatisservedtotheattendees.Millionsoflitersofbeerareserved,andtheygoalonggreatwiththeGermansausageWeisswurstandotherlocalfoods.1.Inwhichfestivaldopeopleattachimportancetogivinggifts?A.BurningMan. B.Tomorrowland. C.SanFermin. D.Oktoberfest.2.WhatdoSanFerminandOktoberfesthaveincommon?A.Theyhavealonghistory. B.Therearesportsandbeer.C.Theyareworldfamous. D.Theytakeplaceinspring.3.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapermaywereadthepassage?A.Health. B.Travelling. C.Sports. D.Art.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。如果你想旅游，可以选择去参加文章介绍的这四个不同国家的著名节日。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据BurningMan,Nevada,UnitedStates部分中的“Giftgivingbetweenparticipantsisalsoakeyprincipleofthefestival.(在参与者之间赠送礼物也是节日的一个重要原则。)”可知，在BurningMan这个节日中，人们重视送礼物，故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据SanFermin,Pamplona,Spain部分中的“Morethanamillionpeoplefromtheworldattendthefestivaleveryyear.(每年有一百多万来自世界各地的人参加这个节日。)”和Oktoberfest,Munich,Germany部分中的“Theworld-famousfestivalhasbeenaroundsinceearly19thcentury.(这个举世闻名的节日始于19世纪初。)”可知，SanFermin和Oktoberfest的共同之处在于它们都世界闻名，故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Ifyou’relookingformorethanjustagreattraveldestination,andinterestedinattendingaworld-famousfestivalwhileyou’reonholiday,thefollowinglistcanbehelpful.(如果你正在寻找的不仅仅是一个伟大的旅游目的地，并有兴趣参加一个世界著名的节日，而你在度假，以下清单可以提供帮助。)”可知，文章主要介绍了想旅游的人们可以选择参加几个不同国家的著名节日。由此可知，我们可能在报纸的旅游版面看到这篇文章，故选B。BTheWaltDisneyCompanywasn’tabouttoletCOVID-19stopthecompanyfromdeveloping.Inthepastyear,someDisneythemeparkinnovations(革新)havebeendesigned.Forexample,Disneyhadalwaysencouragedface-to-faceinteractions(互动)betweencastmembersandcustomers.ItmadeperfectsensesinceDisneyspendssomuchtimetrainingitsworkersinprovidinggoodcustomerservice.Infact,Disneyisknownforpleasingitsguests,whichexplainswhyitscoressohighincustomersatisfactionsurveys.Well,COVID-19turnedpersonalinteractionsintoproblematicexchanges,astheyincreasedtheriskofspreadingCOVID-19.So,quickly,Disneyaddedcastmembervirtual(虚拟的)chattoitsappMyDisneyExperience.Now,youcanrelyonacastmember’sknowledgewheneveryouhaveaquestionaboutDisneyvisit.It’slikehavingatourguideonyourphone!ThereisalsotheWalk-UpWaitlist.Before2020,DisneyhadmadestrictrulesforitsTableServicerestaurants.Oncesomethingsoldout,would-bedinershadnomeansofbookingatable.COVID-19hasaffectedparkguests,though.Someofthembookedtablesbutthendecidednottoeatthere.ThiscostDisneymoney,anditpreventedyoufromdiningatyourfavoriteplaces.So,restaurantmanagersfeltunhappyaboutthepoorbusinesspractice,andDisney’sITdepartmentreachedasolution.TheWalk-UpWaitlistinMyDisneyExperienceallowsyoutoaddyournameatarestaurant.Apreviouslybookedrestaurantwillfindatableforyoutodinethere.MyDisneyExperienceshowsthewaitingtime.You’llknowwhetherthewaitwillfitwithyourtour.ForDisney,theWalk-UpWaitlistimprovesservicesandcanmakeitearnmoremoneywhileincreasingcustomersatisfaction.InthefaceofCOVID-19,Disneysomehowmadeitsparksbetterandmoremodem.Thecompanyisreallyworthpraisingforsuchgreatinnovations.4.WhatwerecastmemberssupposedtodobeforeCOVID-19?A.Makecustomershappybyphone.B.Dosurveysofcustomers’attitudes.C.Communicatewithcustomersdirectly.D.Takecustomersontoursaroundthepark.5.WhatcanparkguestsdowiththeWalk-UpWaitlist?A.Checkwhetherthere’samealleft.B.Knowwhentodineinthebookedrestaurant.C.Dineatanyrestaurantatanytime.D.Bookasmanytablesastheycan.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheWalk-UpWaitlist?A.ItbenefitsbothDisneyanditscustomers.B.Itissupposedtobeusedatarestaurantonly.C.ItisaimedatmorecustomersduringCOVID-19.D.ItallowsDisneytohavethemostguestsatatime.7.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.HowDisneyKeepsItsParkPopularB.HowDisneyControlstheFlowofTrafficC.WaystoTourAroundDisneyDuringCOVID-19D.Disney’sInnovationsRespondingtoCOVID-19【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在新冠疫情影响下，迪士尼为了应对疫情所做的革新，并对它自己以及顾客都产生了积极的效果。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Forexample,Disneyhadalwaysencouragedface-to-faceinteractions(互动)betweencastmembersandcustomers.(例如，迪斯尼一直鼓励演员和顾客之间进行面对面的互动)”和“Well,COVID-19turnedpersonalinteractionsintoproblematicexchanges,astheyincreasedtheriskofspreadingCOVID-19.(2019冠状病毒疾病使人际交往变成了问题，因为它们增加了2019冠状病毒疾病传播的风险)”可知，演员在2019冠状病毒爆发之前可以直接与顾客交流。故选C。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“TheWalk-UpWaitlistinMyDisneyExperienceallowsyoutoaddyournameatarestaurant.Apreviouslybookedrestaurantwillfindatableforyoutodinethere.MyDisneyExperienceshowsthewaitingtime.(“我的迪斯尼体验”中的Walk-Up等待列表可以让你在餐厅里加上自己的名字。先前预定的餐厅会为您找到一张桌子在那里用餐。“我的迪斯尼经历”显示了等待时间)”可知，停车场的客人可以用Walk-Up等候名单知道自己什么时候可以在预定的餐厅吃饭，故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“ForDisney,theWalk-UpWaitlistimprovesservicesandcanmakeitearnmoremoneywhileincreasingcustomersatisfaction.(对迪士尼来说，“Walk-Up等候名单”改善了服务，可以让它赚更多的钱，同时提高客户满意度)”可知，Walk-Up等待名单使迪士尼和顾客都受益，故选A。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“TheWaltDisneyCompanywasn’tabouttoletCOVID-19stopthecompanyfromdeveloping.Inthepastyear,someDisneythemeparkinnovations(革新)havebeendesigned.(华特迪士尼公司不会让2019冠状病毒疾病阻止公司的发展。在过去的一年里，迪斯尼主题公园进行了一些创新设计)”可知，文章主要介绍了迪士尼应对疫情所做的一些革新。由此可知，D项“迪斯尼应对2019冠状病毒疾病所做的创新”适合作文章标题。故选D。CPrecision(精确)agricultureisamethodofgrowingcrops.Farmersusetechnologytocollectverypreciseorexactmeasurementsabouttheirland.Ittellsfarmershowtheyplantedseeds,usedfertilizersandchemicalpesticides,andsoon.Farmequipmentcanplantdifferentamountsofseedsandleavedifferentamountsoffertilizerindifferentpartsofafield.Watermeasuringequipmentcantellfarmershowmuchwatertheirplantsaregetting.Butsomeofthistechnologyistoocostlyforsmallfarmers,especiallyindevelopingcountries.RanveerChandra,theMicrosoftresearcherfromIndia,isworkingtodeveloplow-cost,high-techtoolsforfarmers.Hedevelopedasystemthatconnectssoilsensorstoothersensingequipmentthroughunusedtelevision(TV)channels.TheseunusedTVsignals,knownas“whitespace”frequencies(频率),canprovideInternetconnectionoverlongdistances.Somehospitalsandschoolsinruralareasarealreadyonlinewithwhite-spaceconnections,Chandranoted.Eachsoilsensorprovidesinformationaboutconditionsonthefarm.Toconnectalltheareasintoabigpicture,adroneaircrafttakesphotographsfromhighintheair.Artificialintelligence(AI)comparesthesephotostothesensordata.AIthencancreatemapsofwherethesoilistooacidicorneedsmorewater.Similartechnologycanalsohelpfarmerswatchtheiranimals.VideocamerasconnectedtocomputersandlinkedtotheInternetcanhelpfarmersrecognizesickcattle,forexample.However,thelevelandspeedatwhichnewfarmingskillsandtechnologieswillspreadremainsunclear.BruceEricksonisaprecisionfarmingexpertatPurdueUniversityinIndiana.HetoldtheCSAtheoneproblemfacedbyanynewfarmingtechnologyisgettingpeopletouseitwiththeirexistingmethods.Differentcountrieshavedifferentfarmingmethodsanddifferentwaysofdoingbusiness.“Ittakespeopletocarryoutnewfarmingpractices,”Ericksonsaid.8.HowisParagraph1mainlydeveloped?A.Byfollowingtheorderofspace. B.Bygivingspecificexamples.C.Bymakingcomparisons. D.Bylistingdata.9.WhatdidRanveerChandraresearch?A.HowtodesignAIformakingmaps.B.HowtoprofitfromtheusedTVsignals.C.Howtodevelopadroneaircraftforfarming.D.Howtolowerthecostoffarmingtechnology.10.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thefutureofartificialintelligence.B.Theprocessofusingwhite-spaceconnections.C.Thepracticalapplicationinprecisionagriculture.D.Theachievementindesigninghigh-techfarmingtools.11.Whatcanweinferaboutthefutureofprecisionagriculturefromthelastparagraph?AItneedstimetobereadilyacceptedbymodernfarmers.B.Itdependsonthedevelopmentofnewfarmingtechnology.C.Itwillrevolutionizethetraditionalfarming.D.Ithastogainsupportfromagriculturalexperts.【答案】8B9.D10.C11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了精准农业这一新型农业种植方法及其在现实中的具体运用和推广。【8题详解】推理判断题。第一段中前两句“Precision(精确)agricultureisamethodofgrowingcrops.Farmersusetechnologytocollectverypreciseorexactmeasurementsabouttheirland.(精细农业是种植农作物的一种方法。农民使用技术收集非常精确或准确的测量他们的土地)”是对精准农业进行了概括性说明，第一段余下内容“Ittellsfarmershowtheyplantedseeds,usedfertilizersandchemicalpesticides,andsoon.Farmequipmentcanplantdifferentamountsofseedsandleavedifferentamountsoffertilizerindifferentpartsofafield.Watermeasuringequipmentcantellfarmershowmuchwatertheirplantsaregetting.(它告诉农民他们如何种植种子，使用化肥和化学杀虫剂，等等。农业设备可以在一块土地的不同部位种植不同数量的种子和留下不同数量的肥料。水分测量设备可以告诉农民他们的植物得到了多少水)”是用具体的例子来解释精准农业。由此推知，第一段主要是通过给出具体例子的方式来展开的。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“RanveerChandra,theMicrosoftresearcherfromIndia,isworkingtodeveloplow-cost,high-techtoolsforfarmers.(来自印度的微软研究员RanveerChandra正致力于为农民开发低成本、高科技的工具)”可知，RanveerChandra研究如何降低农业技术的成本，故选D。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Eachsoilsensorprovidesinformationaboutconditionsonthefarm.Toconnectalltheareasintoabigpicture,adroneaircrafttakesphotographsfromhighintheair.Artificialintelligence(AI)comparesthesephotostothesensordata.AIthencancreatemapsofwherethesoilistooacidicorneedsmorewater.Similartechnologycanalsohelpfarmerswatchtheiranimals.VideocamerasconnectedtocomputersandlinkedtotheInternetcanhelpfarmersrecognizesickcattle,forexample.(每个土壤传感器提供有关农场条件的信息。为了将所有的区域连成一幅大图，无人驾驶飞机在高空拍摄照片。人工智能将这些照片与传感器数据进行比较。然后，人工智能可以绘制出土壤酸性过强或需要更多水的地图。类似的技术也可以帮助农民观察他们的动物。例如，连接到计算机和互联网的视频摄像机可以帮助农民识别病牛)”可知，第三段主要介绍了精准农业在实际生活中的应用。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“HetoldtheCSAtheoneproblemfacedbyanynewfarmingtechnologyisgettingpeopletouseitwiththeirexistingmethods.Differentcountrieshavedifferentfarmingmethodsanddifferentwaysofdoingbusiness.“Ittakespeopletocarryoutnewfarmingpractices,”Ericksonsaid.(他告诉CSA，任何新的农业技术面临的一个问题是如何让人们用他们现有的方法来使用它。不同的国家有不同的耕作方法和不同的经营方式。“需要人们采取新的耕作方法，”埃里克森说)”可知，精准农业和其他新的农业技术一样，需要让人们用他们现有的方法来使用它，但是不同国家有不同的耕作方法和经营方式。由此可知，精准农业需要一段时间才能被现代农民接受。故选A。DHamburgers,Frenchfries,potatochips,popcorn,andpizza.Thereisnodenyingthesefoodsaretasty.Butoften,it’stheaddedsaltthatmakesthemsoappealing.Oneresult:U.S.kidsareeatingtoomuchsaltyfare.Tablesaltisabout40%sodium(钠).Ourbodiesneedsomesodiumtoworkproperly.Buttoomuchofitisnothealthy.ArecentstudybytheCentersforDiseaseControl(CDC)lookedattheeatinghabitsof2,142childrenbetweentheagesof6and18.Itfoundthattheiraveragesodiumintakewas3,256milligramsperday.Thatequalsnearly1.5teaspoonseachday,whichis50%morethancurrentguidelinesrecommend.ZerleenQuaderisthestudy’sleadauthor.“Eatingtoomuchsodiumnowcansetkidsupforhealthproblemslater,”shesaid.Muchofthesodiumthatkidseatcomesfromprocessedfoods.Butpotatochipsandothersaltysnacksaren’ttheonlyculprits.Thereareothersodiumsources—likebreadandcoldcuts—addingtothesaltoverload.Allthisaddedsaltcanraisebloodpressureand,withit,theriskofaheartattackandotherhealthproblems.Today,1in9childrenhasraisedbloodpressure.There’sgoodnewsthough.Loweringsaltintakecanlowerbloodpressure.That,ofcourse,iseasiersaidthandone.Themoresaltyfoodsyoueat,themoreyoudevelopatasteforthem.Thekeytochangingyourdietistostartsmall.“Smallchangesinsodiuminfoodsarenotusuallynoticed,”Quadersays.Eventually,sheadds,theeffortwillresetakid’stastebuds(味蕾)sothesaltdesiresstop.Needalittleinspiration?DietitianBridgetMurphyadvisesfocusingontheimmediateeffectsofadietthatishighinsodium.Highbloodpressurecanmakeitdifficulttobeactive.“Doyouwanttobeabletothinkclearlyandperformwellinschool?”sheasks.“Ifyou’reanathlete,doyouwanttorunfaster?”Ifyouansweredyestothesequestions,thenit’stimetoshakethesalthabit.12.WhatdidtherecentCDCstudyfind?A.Thepresentadvisedsaltintakeistoohigh.B.Teenagershavegooddietaryhabits.C.Americankidshavetoomuchsalt.D.Propersodiumintakebenefitshumanhealth.13.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“culprits”inParagraph5?A.Criminals. B.Results. C.Types. D.Surprises.14WhatisQuader’sadviceforkids?A.Eatsalt-freefoods. B.Havealow-sodiumdiet.C.Keepawayfromjunkfood. D.Takeenoughexerciseregularly.15.AccordingtoMurphy,asaltydietwillprobably.A.helpyouhaveaquickmind B.increaseyourrunningspeedC.makeyourelativelyinactive D.keepyouhungrybutspirited【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如今儿童摄入过多的盐分，这将对他们的健康造成伤害。文章分析了摄入过多盐分的原因以及可能产生的后果，并给出了减少盐摄入量的方法。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段话“Itfoundthattheiraveragesodiumintakewas3,256milligramsperday.Thatequalsnearly1.5teaspoonseachday,whichis50%morethancurrentguidelinesrecommend.(研究发现，他们每天的平均钠摄入量为3256毫克。这相当于每天近1.5茶匙，比目前指南建议的量多了50%。)”可知，美国疾控中心的研究发现，美国青少年的食盐摄入量超标。故选C项。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后的“Thereareothersodiumsources—likebreadandcoldcuts—addingtothesaltoverload.(还有其他的钠源，如面包和冷盘，增加了盐的过量。)”可知，薯片和其他含盐量高的零食并不是唯一的罪魁祸首。criminal意为“罪犯”，与句意符合，故选A项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段话“Thekeytochangingyourdietistostartsmall.“Smallchangesinsodiuminfoodsarenotusuallynoticed,”Quadersays.Eventually,sheadds,theeffortwillresetakid’stastebuds(味蕾)sothesaltdesiresstop.(改变饮食的关键是从小事做起。“食物中钠的微小变化通常不会被注意到，”夸德说。最终，她补充道，努力将重置一个孩子的盐欲望停止。)”可知，Quader认为，改变饮食习惯要一点点地慢慢来，逐渐减少食物中钠地含量，最后孩子的味蕾就会慢慢地适应低盐的食物，对多盐食物的渴望就会停止。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段话“Highbloodpressurecanmakeitdifficulttobeactive.(高血压会使运动变得困难。)”可知，经常吃咸的食物容易引起高血压，而高血压会让人怠惰，不活跃。故选C项。第二节（共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Usingbodylanguagewillmakepeoplemorelikelytobeinfluencedbyyou.Buttheywillonlybepersuadediftheyalsotrustyou.Soit’sequallyimportanttouseyourbodylanguageinawaythatmakespeoplefeelconnected.___16___.Startwithasmile___17___,butasmileispowerfulforyoutoconnectwithotherpeople.Bigsmilesmakepeoplethinkyouarewarmandconfident.Peoplearealwaysmorewillingtolistentoyourpointofviewiftheylikeyou.Asmileisthefirststepinbuildingagoodrelationship.NodyourheadIfyouwantpeopletosay“yes”toyou,getthemnoddinginagreementevenbeforeyouaskaquestion.Ifyounodatpeople,theywillfeeltheurgetodoitback.Startbynoddingwhentheytalk,asifyou’reagreeingwiththeirstatements.___18___,watchtheirreactions.Whentheyarealreadynodding,theyaremuchmorelikelytostartagreeingwithyou.StandupIfyouarestandingupwhileotherpeopleyouaretalkingtoaresitting,youwillgaintheupperhandatonce.___19___.Itisimportantnottostandoverthem,ortoleaninsomuchthattheyfeeluncomfortable.___20___Makesureyoudon’tstaytooclosetothem.Ifotherpeopleleanorstepback,youhavecertainlyshownthatyouareincontrol.Ifyouwanttobesomeonewhohasinfluenceandpersuasion,youneedpeopletolikeyou,nottobescaredofyou.A.LeaninB.ShakehandsC.ThegestureofleaninginisnecessaryintalksD.Here’showtouseyourbodylanguageeffectivelyE.ItsoundssosimpleFStandingabovethemmakesthemfeelthatyouaremorepowerfulG.Then,whenyou’remakingyourownstatements【答案】16.D17.E18.G19.F20.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者讲述了在日常生活中使用肢体语言的重要性以及注意事项。【16题详解】上文“Usingbodylanguagewillmakepeoplemorelikelytobeinfluencedbyyou.Buttheywillonlybepersuadediftheyalsotrustyou.Soit’sequallyimportanttouseyourbodylanguageinawaythatmakespeoplefeelconnected.(使用肢体语言会使人们更容易受到你的影响。但只有他们信任你，才能说服他们。所以同样重要的是，使用肢体语言的方式，使人们感到互相有联结。)”主要讲述了肢体语言的重要性，下文从“Startwithasmile(从微笑开始)”，“Nodyourhead(点头)”，“Standup(站立)”等几个方面介绍了使用肢体语言时应该注意的事，由此可知，空处引起下文，D项“以下是如何有效地使用肢体语言”符合，故选D。【17题详解】根据本段标题“Startwithasmile(从微笑开始)”可知，本段主要介绍微笑的好处，下文“butasmileispowerfulforyoutoconnectwithotherpeople.(但是一个微笑对于你和其他人交流是很有力量的。)”指出微笑是很有力量的，由but可知，空处应该和下文是转折关系，E项“这听起来很简单”符合，其中It代指本段标题“从微笑开始”，故选E。【18题详解】上文“Startbynoddingwhentheytalk,asifyou’reagreeingwiththeirstatements.(在他们说话的时候点头，就好像你同意他们的说法一样。)”指出和别人说话时首先要点头，结合下文“watchtheirreactions(观察他们的反应)”可知，空处应该陈述接下来该怎么做，G项“然后，当你做自己的陈述时”符合，上文“Start”和选项中“Then”相照应，故选G。【19题详解】上文“Ifyouarestandingupwhileotherpeopleyouaretalkingtoaresitting,youwillgaintheupperhandatonce.(如果你在和别人说话的时候站着，而其他人都坐着，那么你会立刻占据上风。)”指出说话时如果你站着，别人坐着，那么你就会占据上风，由此可知，空处应该承接上文，指出这么做带来的后果，F项“站在他们之上会让他们觉得你更强大”符合，故选F。【20题详解】空处是本段小标题，介绍交谈时需要注意的事项，根据下文“Makesureyoudon’tstaytooclosetothem.Ifotherpeopleleanorstepback,youhavecertainlyshownthatyouareincontrol.Ifyouwanttobesomeonewhohasinfluenceandpersuasion,youneedpeopletolikeyou,nottobescaredofyou.(别离他们太近。如果其他人向后倾斜或退后一步，你肯定已经表明你在控制局面。如果你想成为一个有影响力和说服力的人，你需要人们喜欢你，而不是害怕你。)”可知，本段主要讲要交谈时不要离别人太近，A项“向别人倾斜”符合，故选A。第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节,满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分）阅读下面短文,从短文后各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出适合填入对应空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。ItwasanormalMondaymorningatanassembly(集会),andtheoldheadmasterwasgivingthestudentsa(n)___21___aboutimportantthingsinlifeandaboutdevotingourselvestowhatisimportanttous.Thisis___22___thestorywent:AnoldmanlivedinacertainpartofLondon,andhewouldwakeupeverymorningandgotothe___23___,wherehegotthetrainrighttoCentralLondon,andthensatatthestreetcorner,___24___.Hedidthiseverysingledayofhislife.Hesatatthesamestreetcomerandbeggedforalmost20years.Hishousewasdirty,anditsmelled___25___.Theneighborscouldnotbearthesmellanymore,sotheyaskedthepoliceofficersto___26___theplace.Theofficersknockeddownthe___27___andcleanedthehouse.Thereweresmallbagsofmoneyalloverthehousethathehad___28___overtheyears.Thepolicecountedthemoney,andtheysoonrealizedthattheoldmanwasa___29___.Theywaitedoutsidehishouse___30___tosharethegoodnewswithhim.Whentheoldmanarrivedhomethatevening,hewasmetbyoneoftheofficerswhotoldhimthattherewasnoneedforhimtobeganymore___31___hewasarichmannow.Hesaid___32___atall;hewentintohishouseandlockedthedoor.Thenextmorninghewokeupasusual,wenttothestreetand___33___tobeg.___34___,thisoldmanhadnogreatplans,dreamsoranythingimportantforhislife.Welearnnothingfromthisstoryotherthanstaying___35___thethingsweenjoydoing.Weshouldremaintruetoourcourse,whichmay___36___devotingyourselvestothingsthatpeoplearoundyoumaydisapprove.Letnothingpreventusfrombeinghappy,letnothingelsedecideourfate(命运),but___37___.Whatmakesushappyiswhat___38___intheendnotwhatwegain.Thisparticularstoryisonesuch___39___thatIwillneverforget.EverytimeIdon'tfocusoncourses,I___40___myselfofthisstory.21.A.plan B.struggle C.speech D.approach22.A.why B.how C.where D.when23.A.park B.subway C.airport D.factory24.A.sleeping B.waiting C.attempting D.begging25.A.terrible B.delicious C.pleasant D.serious26.A.control B.buy C.clear D.look27.A.door B.export C.neighbor D.wall28.A.collected B.spent C.created D.eased29.A.manager B.millionaire C.gentleman D.doctor30.A.regretting B.overcoming C.expecting D.reducing31.A.unless B.because C.until D.though32.A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything33.A.continued B.found C.refused D.forgot34.A.Finally B.Luckily C.Obviously D.Generally35.A.actedout B.calledon C.turnedto D.focusedon36.A.make B.mean C.pick D.expand37.A.ourselves B.himself C.themselves D.yourselves38.A.considers B.faces C.loses D.matters39.A.award B.lesson C.balance D.diet40.A.reminded B.admitted C.accounted D.tried【答案】21.C22.B23.B24.D25.A26.C27.A28.A29.B30.C31.B32.C33.A34.C35.D36.B37.A38.D39.B40.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲到作者在校长的演讲里听到的关于致力于自己觉得重要的事情的故事。这个故事让作者意识到只有自己才能决定自己的命运，决定什么才能让自己快乐。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是一个普通的星期一早晨，老校长正在给学生们做一个关于生活中重要的事情以及献身于对我们来说重要的事情的演讲。A.plan计划；B.struggle奋斗；C.speech演讲；D.approach方法。根据上文的名词assembly可知，在集会上应该是发表演讲，所以此处用speech表示“演讲”符合语境。故选C项。【22题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：故事是这样的：在伦敦的某个地方住着一位老人，他每天早上醒来后都会去坐地铁，然后在地铁上坐上直达伦敦市中心的火车，然后坐在街角乞讨。A.why为什么；B.how如何；C.where哪里；D.when当……时。根据下文“thestorywent(故事开展)”可知，此处用how来表示故事是“如何”开展，符合语境。故选B项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.park公园；B.subway地铁；C.airport机场；D.factory工厂。根据下文的定语从句“wherehegotthetrainrighttoCentralLondon(他在那里搭上了直达伦敦市中心的火车)”可知，先行词应该是一个和火车相关的地点名词，所以此处用subway表示“地铁”符合语境。故选B项。【24题详解】考查动名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.sleeping睡觉；B.waiting等待；C.attempting尝试；D.begging乞讨。根据下文“Hesatatthesamestreetcomerandbeggedforalmost20years.(他坐在同一个街角乞讨了将近20年)”可知，他是一个乞讨者，所以此处用begging作伴随状语表示“乞讨”符合语境。故选D项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的房子又脏又臭。A.terrible糟糕的；B.delicious美味的；C.pleasant愉快的；D.serious严肃的。根据下文“Theneighborscouldnotbearthesmellanymore(邻居们再也受不了这种味道了)”可知，他的房子的味道应该是难闻的，所以此处用smellterrible表示“难闻的”符合语境。故选A项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：邻居们再也不能忍受这种气味了，所以他们要求警察清理这个地方。A.control控制；B.buy买；C.clear清理；D.look看。根据上文“Theneighborscouldnotbearthesmellanymore(邻居们再也受不了这种味道了)”可知，邻居对这种味道难以忍受，说明老人的住所需要打扫清理了，所以此处用clear表示“打扫、清理”符合语境。故选C项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：警察们推开了门，打扫了房子。A.door门；B.export出口；C.neighbor邻居；D.wall墙壁。根据下文“andcleanedthehouse(打扫了房子)”可知，应该是推开门打扫房子，所以此处用door表示“门”符合语境。故选A项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：房子里到处都是他多年来收集的小包钞票。A.collected收集；B.spent花费；C.created创造；D.eased放松。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句，因为先行词为money，所以空格处应该用collect表示近几年“收集”的钱，符合语境。故选A项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：警察数了数钱，他们很快意识到那位老人是个百万富翁。A.manager经理；B.millionaire百万富翁；C.gentleman绅士；D.doctor医生。根据下文“hewasarichmannow(他现在是个有钱人了)”可知，下文警察告诉他他已经是有钱人了，所以此处用millionaire表示“百万富翁”符合句意。故选B项。【30题详解】考查动名词词义辨析。句意：他们等在他的房子外面，期待和他分享这个好消息。A.regretting后悔、遗憾；B.overcoming克服；C.expecting期待；D.reducing降低。根据下文“sharethegoodnewswithhim(和他分享这个好消息)”可知，因为是好消息，所以肯定是期待和他分享，所以此处用expect表示“期待”符合语境。故选C项。【31题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，当老人回到家时，一个警察来迎接他，告诉他不必再乞讨了，因为他现在是一个富人了。A.unless除非；B.because因为；C.until直到；D.though尽管。根据上文“hewasmetbyoneoftheofficerswhotoldhimthattherewasnoneedforhimtobeganymore(他遇到了一个警官，告诉他没有必要再乞讨了)”可知，不用乞讨是因为他是有钱人了，所以此处用because表原因，符合语境。故选B项。【32题详解】考查不定代词辨析。句意：他什么也没说；他回到家里，锁上了门。A.something某事；B.anything任何事；C.nothing没有什么；D.everything每件事。根据下文“hewentintohishouseandlockedthedoor(他走进房子锁上了门)”可知，后文也没有提到老人说了什么话，由此判断老人什么都没说就进了家门，所以此处用nothing表示“什么都没说”符合语境。故选C项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，他像往常一样醒来，走到街上继续乞讨。A.continued继续；B.found发现；C.refused拒绝；D.forgot忘记。根据上文的asusual和空格后的beg可知，此处应该是像往常一样，“继续”乞讨，符合语境。故选A项。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，这个老人没有什么伟大的计划，梦想或任何对他的生活重要的事情。A.Finally最终；B.Luckily幸运地；C.Obviously明显地；D.Generally大概地。根据上文第13题可知，老人被告知自己是有钱人以后，第二天还是按照之前习惯继续上街乞讨，说明老人没有因为自己有钱而改变，应该也没有其他计划，所以此处用Obviously表示“显然”这个老人没有伟大计划，符合语境。故选C项。【35题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们从这个故事中学不到任何东西，除了专注于我们喜欢做的事情。A.actedout把……表演出来；B.calledon拜访；C.turnedto转向、求助于；D.focusedon专注于、聚焦于。根据老人坚持20多年的行为，说明这个故事告诉我们要坚持自己的喜欢的事情，所以此处用focusedon“专注于”符合语境。故选D项。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们应该忠于我们事业，这可能意味着你要投身于你周围的人可能不赞成的事情。A.make制作；B.mean意味着；C.pick采摘；D.expand扩展。根据上文“Weshouldremaintruetoourcourse(我们应该忠于我们的事业)”可知，下文的短语devoteto与上文的短语trueto呼应，所以空格处用mean表示“意味着”符合语境。故选B项。【37题详解】考查反身代词辨析。句意：让任何事情阻止我们快乐，让任何事情决定我们的命运，除了我们自己。A.ourselves我们自己；B.himself他自己；C.themselves他们自己；D.yourselves你们自己。根据上文“letnothingelsedecideourfate(别让别的东西来决定我们的命运)”可知，此处用ourselves与上文的our相呼应，故选A项。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我们快乐的是最终我们得到了什么，而不是我们得到了什么。A.considers考虑；B.faces面对；C.loses丢失；D.matters事关紧要。根据本句中的主语从句“Whatmakesushappyis(让我们快乐的是)”可知，此处指使我们快乐的事情应该是最终对我们事关紧要的事，所以此处用matter表示“事关紧要”符合语境故选D项。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个特别的故事就是这样一个教训，我永远不会忘记。A.award奖品；B.lesson课、教训；C.balance平衡；D.diet饮食。根据空格后的“Iwillneverforget(我将永远不会忘记)”可知，此处用lesson表示“经验、教训”符合语境。故选B项。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当我不专注于课程的时候，我就会想起这个故事。A.reminded提醒、使想起；B.admitted承认；C.accounted把……视为；D.tried试图。分析句意再根下文的of可知，此处用固定短语remindsbofsth表示“使某人想起某事”符合语境。故选A项。第二节语法填空（共10小题,每小题1.5分,满分15分）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Ethiopiahasbrokentheworldrecordforthelargestnumberoftreesplantedinoneday,whilesimultaneously(同时)___41___(make)theworldalittlegreener.Ethiopiansplantedmorethan350million___42___(tree)injust12hoursearlierthisweek.Thisbrokethepreviousrecord,heldbyIndia,by50milliontrees.Ethiopia’sMinisterofInnovationandTechnology___43___(proud)statedthatpeoplehadplanted353,633,660treestohelptheenvironment.Pri