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高一英语本试卷共10页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。考试结束后,将答题卡交回。注意事项:1.答卷前,务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号填写在答题卡上。2.选择题,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。笔答题,用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。不能答在本试卷上,否则无效。第二部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AFormillionsofpeoplesittinginatrafficjamorstandingonacrowdedtrain,thedailycommute(通勤)probablyisn’tthebestpartoftheirday.Butcarsandtrainsaren’ttheonlytraveloptions.ElectricVehiclesForthosewhohaveashortcommute,youcouldconsidergettinganelectricbikeorscooter.Anelectricscooterhastheadvantageofbeinghighlyportable(轻便的):smallandlightenoughtocarrytoyouroffice.You’lljustneedtocheckiftheyareallowedtobeusedinyourarea.TakeRYNOforexample.It’sasingle-wheelelectricscooter,whosehighestspeedisaboutthatofabicycle.Andlikeotherelectricvehicles,itcanbechargedanywhere.WalkCarIfyouwanttransportationforshortdistances,theWalkCarmightbeperfectforyou.TheWalkCarlookslikealaptopandonlyweighsthreekilograms.It’salsoincrediblyeasytouse—standonitanditwillstarttomove;moveyourweighttoonesideanditwillchangedirection.TheWalkCarwilltakeyouataspeedofupto10kilometersperhourandcantravel12kilometersononecharge.JetpacksWeighingaround200kilogramsjetpacksaren’texactlyportable,butthey’resuretohavealotoffunandattractalotofattention.Runningonpetrol,thejetenginesallowtheusertoliftoffthegroundandflyintheair.Theworld’sfirstjetpackistheMartinJetpack.Onceyou’veattachedthistinypersonaljetplaneontoyourback,you’llbeabletotravelupto50kilometersataheightof1,000meters.Withapricetagofabout$150,000,thisisprobablythemostexpensiveoption,butitwillalmostcertainlybethecoolest!1.WhatdoElectricVehiclesandWalkCarhaveincommon?①beingportable.②beingrechargeable.③beingwidelyused.④beingsuitableforshortdistances.A.①②③ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.②③④2.Whatmightbethereasonforcustomerstochoosejetpacks?A.Theprice. B.Theappearance.C.Theweight. D.Theflightperformance.3.Whichcolumnisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Lifestyle. B.Travel. C.Entertainment. D.Transport.【答案】1.B2.D3.D【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种非传统的通勤方式:电动汽车、自走车以及喷气背包。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段对电动汽车的介绍“Forthosewhohaveashortcommute,youcouldconsidergettinganelectricbikeorscooter.Anelectricscooterhastheadvantageofbeinghighlyportable(轻便的):smallandlightenoughtocarrytoyouroffice.”(对于通勤时间较短的人,你可以考虑买一辆电动自行车或小型摩托车。电动滑板车的优点是非常便携:小巧轻便,便于携带到办公室。)可知,电动汽车适合短距离、轻便。根据第三段“Andlikeotherelectricvehicles,itcanbechargedanywhere.”(和其他电动汽车一样,它可以在任何地方充电。)可知,可以充电。根据对WalkCar的介绍,第三段中“Ifyouwanttransportationforshortdistances,theWalkCarmightbeperfectforyou.”(如果你想短途出行,WalkCar可能会很适合你。)第四段“TheWalkCarlookslikealaptopandonlyweighsthreekilograms.”可知WalkCar的特点为适合短距离且轻便。根据第四段“TheWalkCarwilltakeyouataspeedofupto10kilometersperhourandcantravel12kilometersononecharge.”(WalkCar将以每小时10公里的速度带你前行,充电一次可行驶12公里。)说明,Walkcar可以充电。所以共同点为适合短距离、轻便、可充电。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段“Runningonpetrol,thejetenginesallowtheusertoliftoffthegroundandflyintheair.”(喷气发动机以汽油为动力,使使用者能够飞离地面并在空中飞行。)可知,“喷气背包”的特点为可以在空中飞行,具有飞行性能。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Formillionsofpeoplesittinginatrafficjamorstandingonacrowdedtrain,thedailycommute(通勤)probablyisn’tthebestpartoftheirday.Butcarsandtrainsaren’ttheonlytraveloptions.”(对于数百万坐在交通堵塞或站在拥挤的火车上的人来说,每天的通勤可能不是他们一天中最好的部分。但汽车和火车并不是唯一的旅行选择。)以及下文对三种交通方式的介绍,可知本文来自于“交通”栏目。故选D。BEmmaGatewood—called“GrandmaGatewood”bytheworld—wasoneoftheearlythru-hikersoftheAppalachianTrail(A.T.),thelongestwalking-onlyfootpathintheworld.Shewasnotthefirstperson—oreventhefirstwoman—tohikethetrail(路线).Herhikewasnotablebecauseshewasthefirstwomanevertocompletethetrailaloneatanadvancedage.WhenGatewooddidherfirstthru-hikein1955,therewerefewhikersanditwashardtofollowthetrail.Therewerealsomanyfewerresourcesforhikers—fewerstoresnearthetrailandmuchlessinformationavailableaboutthetrail.Butstill,Gatewoodhikeditalone,carryingonlyabagandahikingstick.Sheatealotofsausagesandtrailmix.Sometimessheranoutoffoodandateberriessherecognizedintheforest.Afterherhike,Gatewoodhadthistosayaboutthetrailinaninterview:Ithoughtitwouldbeanicelark.Itwasn’t.Therewereterribleburnt-overareasandsandwashouts,andmostoftheshelterswereblowndown,burneddownorsodirtyIchosetosleepoutofdoors.Thiswasnotrail.Thiswasanightmare.IwouldneverhavestartedthistripifIhadknownhowtoughitwas,butIcouldn’tandIwouldn’tquit.Allthingsconsidered,theonlythingmoreimprobablethanEmmaGatewood’scompletingthetrailattheageof67,isthatsheturnedaroundanddiditagain.Twice—oncein1957andagainin1964,attheageof76,butthistimeinsections.“Gatewoodinspiredmanyhikersovertheyears,”saysLuxenberg,presidentoftheAppalachianTrailMuseum,“Peoplethink,‘ifthiselderlywomancoulddothetrailbyherself,thenIshouldbeableto.’”4.WhichmightbethetitleforGatewood?A.Thefirstthru-hikerofA.T. B.ThefirstfemaletohikeA.T.alone.C.Theonlywomanthru-hikerofA.T. D.TheoldestpersontohikeA.T.alone.5.WhatwasGatewood’sfirsthikelike?A.Shemetextremeweather. B.Therewasvariousfood.C.Shemetmanyfellowtravelers. D.Therewaslimitedinformation.6.WhatdotheunderlinedwordsinParagraph3mean?A.Breakingnews. B.Greatfun.C.Abigchallenge. D.Animprobabletask.7.Whatmessagemightthetextwanttoconvey?A.Wellbegunishalfdone. B.Actionspeakslouderthanwords.C.Successisfailureturnedinsideout. D.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.【答案】4.B5.D6.B7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了67岁的女性EmmaGatewood克服重重困难,独自徒步穿越阿巴拉契亚国家步道(A.T.)的壮举。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Shewasnotthefirstperson—oreventhefirstwoman—tohikethetrail(路线).Herhikewasnotablebecauseshewasthefirstwomanevertocompletethetrailaloneatanadvancedage.(她不是第一个徒步走过这条小径的人,甚至也不是第一个女性。她的徒步旅行引人注目,因为她是第一个在高龄独自完成徒步的女性)”可知,Gatewood是第一位独自徒步阿巴拉契亚国家步道(A.T.)的女性,由此推知“ThefirstfemaletohikeA.T.alone.”可以作为她的头衔。故选B项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“WhenGatewooddidherfirstthru-hikein1955,therewerefewhikersanditwashardtofollowthetrail.Therewerealsomanyfewerresourcesforhikers—fewerstoresnearthetrailandmuchlessinformationavailableaboutthetrail.(1955年,当Gatewood第一次进行穿越徒步时,徒步者寥寥无几,很难找到足迹。此外,可供徒步旅行者使用的资源也少得多——小道附近的商店更少,关于小道的信息也更少)”可知,当Gatewood第一次徒步时,信息非常有限。故选D项。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Ithoughtitwouldbeanicelark.Itwasn’t.Therewereterribleburnt-overareasandsandwashouts,andmostoftheshelterswereblowndown,burneddownorsodirtyIchosetosleepoutofdoors.Thiswasnotrail.Thiswasanightmare.(我想这将是anicelark。它不是。那里有可怕的烧伤区域和被沙子冲刷的地方,大多数的避难所都被风刮倒了,烧毁了,或者很脏,我选择在户外睡觉。这不是小路。这简直是一场噩梦)”中“Ithoughtitwouldbe”可知,Gatewood想像中的徒步旅行是“anicelark”,而真实情况完全不一样,是一场噩梦,由此推知,划线词“anicelark”是指想像中的“乐趣”。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章介绍了67岁的女性EmmaGatewood克服重重困难,独自徒步穿越阿巴拉契亚国家步道(A.T.)的壮举,由此推知,文章想表达的是只要意志坚定,没有克服不了的问题,即“Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.(世上无难事,只怕有心人)”。故选D项。CSomeoftheworld’sbestCoffeaarabicaisgrownonMountKenya.Thisvarietyoftheplantproducesbeansthataretastierthanthosefromitspoorcousin,Coffeacanephora(knownasrobusta),whichoftenendsupininstantcoffee(速溶咖啡).However,globalwarmingmayreducethetotalareathatismostsuitedtogrowingarabicabeansbyabouthalfby2050.Somefarmersaretryingtoadapttowarmingbymovinguphill.Yetthispushesthemintoareaslongusedforgrowingtea.Notonlyistherelessspacehigherup;themovestresseshowwarmingalsothreatenstoharmtheteacrop,whichsupportsabout10%ofKenya’spopulation.Warmerweatherwillpushteaitselfhigheruparea.Kenya’sgovernment-fundedCoffeeResearchInstituteistryingtofindotherwaysofhelpingfarmersadapt,suchasencouragingthemtoplanttreestoshadetheircoffeebushes,ortogrowhardier(适应性更强)robustaplants.Itisalsotryingtoplantahybrid,Arabusta,whichwouldcombinethehardinessofrobustawiththeflavourofarabica.Coffeesnobsmayturnuptheirnosesatit,buttheymayhavenootherchoices.However,suchadaptationsmaybringsocialcosts.Manysmallholderfarmersareatriskofbeingpushedoutoftheindustryaltogetherbecausetheycannotaffordthemoneyneededtoprotecttheircrops.Anotheroptionmaybeentirelynewvarieties.ResearchersinLondonarestudyingawildtypeofcoffee,Coffeastenophylla.Itisdeliciousandcanalsotaketheheat.Butitproduceslowerharvestthanexistingvarietiesanditmaybeyearsbeforeitiswidelygrown.Withoutabreakthroughofsomesort,caffeineaddictsmayfaceafuturetoounpleasanttoimagine.“Ifwedon’thavetheinnovation(创新)torespondtoclimatechallenges,”VernLongofWorldCoffeeResearchsays,“we’rejustgoingtobedrinkingman-madecoffee.”8.InwhatwayisCoffeaarabicabetterthanCoffearobusta?A.Flavor. B.Harvest. C.Hardiness. D.Sales.9.Whatdoestheunderlined“it”refertoinParagraph3?A.Robusta. B.Arabica. C.Arabusta. D.Stenophylla.10.Whatmightbetheimpactofthegovernment’spolicy?A.Goodmoneywillbebroughtin.B.Theareasofteacropwillbereduced.C.Thecostofcoffee-plantingmaydrop.D.Smallholdercoffeefarmersmaydisappear.11.What’sthepurposeofthistext?A.Togivesuggestionstocoffeefarmers.B.Torecommendnewvarietiesofcoffee.C.Tointroducecoffeeindustryunderthreat.D.Tolistpossiblesolutionstoclimatechanges.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了面临威胁的咖啡产业以及人们正在想办法解决问题。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Someoftheworld’sbestCoffeaarabicaisgrownonMountKenya.Thisvarietyoftheplantproducesbeansthataretastierthanthosefromitspoorcousin,Coffeacanephora(knownasrobusta),whichoftenendsupininstantcoffee.(肯尼亚山上种植着世界上最好的Coffeaarabica。这种植物生产的咖啡豆比它可怜的表亲咖啡CoffeaCanephora(被称为robusta)的咖啡豆更美味,后者通常会制成速溶咖啡)”可知,Coffeaarabica在风味上比Coffearobusta更好。故选A项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Itisalsotryingtoplantahybrid,Arabusta,whichwouldcombinethehardinessofrobustawiththeflavourofarabica.Coffeesnobsmayturnuptheirnosesatit,buttheymayhavenootherchoices.(它还试图种植一种杂交品种Arabusta,这种品种将robusta的耐寒性与arabica的风味相结合。对咖啡自命高雅的人可能会对它嗤之以鼻,但他们可能别无选择)”可知,对咖啡自命高雅的人可能对杂交品种Arabusta嗤之以鼻,it指代的是Arabusta。故选C项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Manysmallholderfarmersareatriskofbeingpushedoutoftheindustryaltogetherbecausetheycannotaffordthemoneyneededtoprotecttheircrops.(许多小农面临被完全赶出该行业的风险,因为他们负担不起保护作物所需的资金)”可知,政府的政策可能会导致咖啡小农负担不起所需的资金,从该行业消失。故选D项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“However,globalwarmingmayreducethetotalareathatismostsuitedtogrowingarabicabeansbyabouthalfby2050.(然而,到2050年,全球变暖可能使最适合种植arabica的总面积减少约一半)”、第四段“Manysmallholderfarmersareatriskofbeingpushedoutoftheindustryaltogetherbecausetheycannotaffordthemoneyneededtoprotecttheircrops.(许多小农面临被完全赶出该行业的风险,因为他们负担不起保护作物所需的资金)”以及最后一段“Butitproduceslowerharvestthanexistingvarietiesanditmaybeyearsbeforeitiswidelygrown.(但它的收成比现有品种低,而且可能要过几年才能广泛种植)”可知,本文写作的目的是介绍面临威胁的咖啡产业。故选C项。DKenBankssawthatinSouthAfrica,manyorganizationstryingtohelplocalcommunitieshaddifficultywithcommunication,becausemanyvillagesdidn’thaveInternetaccess.Banksnoticed,however,thatmanyvillagershadcellphones.Bankshadanidea.HecreatedsomecomputersoftwarecalledFrontlineSMS,whichallowsuserstosendinformationfromcomputerswithoutusingtheInternet.Usersputthesoftwareinacomputer.Thentheyconnectthecomputertoacellphone.Tosendinformation,usersselectthepeopletheywanttosenditto.Thecellphonesendstheinformationtogroupsofpeopleasatextmessage.Individualscanthenreplyontheirowncellphones,creatingatwo-waymessagingsystembetweenphoneusersandthecomputer.FrontlineSMSisfreeandcanworkalmostanywhereintheworld.Today,itisusedinover190countries.FrontlineSMSisasuccessfulexampleoftakinganideaandmakingitareality.Sowhatshouldyoudoifyouhaveanideaformakingtheworldabetterplace?Banksoffersthefollowingadvice:Researchyourideaorproductthoroughly.Tofindoutifyouhaveagoodidea,gointothecommunityandtalktopeople.Andthenpromoteyourideaonsocialmedia.Useallthesocialmediatoolsthatyoucan.Connectonlinewithotherpeoplewhoareworkinginthesamefieldasyou.Themoreyoupost,theeasieritwillbeforsearchenginestofindyou.Onceyou’vegottenyourmessageout,peoplewillnoticeyou.Nowisthetimetotrytogetfunding.Waitinguntilyouhavegottenthisfarshowspotentialdonorsthatyouhaveinitiative.Italsoshowsthatyouarecommitted.We’recurrentlylivinginthebesttimewhenmoreandmoreentrepreneurs(企业家)aredevelopingandpromotingproductsthathavethepotentialtosolvetheworld’sgreatestchallenges.Allyouneedisanidea.12.WhatgaveBankstheideaforFrontlineSMS,whilehewasinSouthAfrica?A.LittleInternetaccess. B.Popularityofcellphones.C.Poorlocalcommunities. D.ManyNon-profitorganizations.13.What’sthemainideaofParagraph2?A.HowInternetaccesshelps. B.Whatcellphonesareusedfor.C.HowFrontlineSMSworks. D.WhatadvantagesFrontlineSMShas.14.WhatinformationcanbeaddedtoParagraph3tomakethetextmorereliable?A.SomeexamplesofhowwidelyFrontlineSMSisused.B.SomeillustrationsabouthowFrontlineSMSisupdated.C.SomeexplanationsaboutwhyFrontlineSMSisagoodsolution.D.SomedataofhowmuchmoneyFrontlineSMShasbroughtBanks.15.Whichmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TurningIdeasintoReality B.InternetBetterstheWorldC.MakingtheWorldaBetterPlace D.CreativityMakesaDifference【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述Banks将自己的想法变成现实,成功创造FrontlineSMS的故事,鼓励我们将自己的想法变成现实并提出建议。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“KenBankssawthatinSouthAfrica,manyorganizationstryingtohelplocalcommunitieshaddifficultywithcommunication,becausemanyvillagesdidn’thaveInternetaccess.Banksnoticed,however,thatmanyvillagershadcellphones.(KenBanks看到在南非许多试图帮助当地社区的组织在交流方面遇到了困难,因为许多村庄没有接互联网。然而,Banks注意到许多村民都有手机)”及第二段“Bankshadanidea.HecreatedsomecomputersoftwarecalledFrontlineSMS,whichallowsuserstosendinformationfromcomputerswithoutusingtheInternet.(Banks有一个想法。他创建了一个名为FrontlineSMS的计算机软件,该软件允许用户在不使用互联网的情况下从计算机发送信息)”可知,Banks注意到许多村民都有手机,所以他创建了一些名为FrontlineSMS的计算机软件,允许用户在不使用互联网的情况下从计算机发送信息。故推知是手机的普及给了Banks创造FrontlineSMS的想法,故选B。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Bankshadanidea.HecreatedsomecomputersoftwarecalledFrontlineSMS,whichallowsuserstosendinformationfromcomputerswithoutusingtheInternet.Usersputthesoftwareinacomputer.Thentheyconnectthecomputertoacellphone.Tosendinformation,usersselectthepeopletheywanttosenditto.Thecellphonesendstheinformationtogroupsofpeopleasatextmessage.Individualscanthenreplyontheirowncellphones,creatingatwo-waymessagingsystembetweenphoneusersandthecomputer.(Banks有一个想法。他创建了一些名为FrontlineSMS的计算机软件,该软件允许用户在不使用因特网的情况下从计算机发送信息。用户将软件放在计算机中。然后,他们将计算机连接到手机。若要发送信息,用户需要选择要向其发送信息的人员。手机将信息以短信的形式发送给一些人。然后,个人可以在自己的手机上回复,从而在电话用户和计算机之间创建双向消息传递系统。)”可知,第二段主要介绍FrontlineSMS是如何工作的,故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“FrontlineSMSisfreeandcanworkalmostanywhereintheworld.Today,itisusedinover190countries.(FrontlineSMS是免费的,几乎可以在世界任何地方工作。今天,它在190多个国家使用。)”可知,第三段说明了FrontlineSMS是免费的,并在190多个国家使用,但文章没有提及FrontlineSMS是如何被广泛使用的。所以要想使文章更可信,应该加一些关于FrontlineSMS被广泛使用的例子。故选A。15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“KenBankssawthatinSouthAfrica,manyorganizationstryingtohelplocalcommunitieshaddifficultywithcommunication,becausemanyvillagesdidn’thaveInternetaccess.Banksnoticed,however,thatmanyvillagershadcellphones.(KenBanks看到,在南非,许多试图帮助当地社区的组织在交流方面遇到了困难,因为许多村庄没有接互联网。然而,Banks注意到许多村民都有手机。)”及第二段“Bankshadanidea.HecreatedsomecomputersoftwarecalledFrontlineSMS,whichallowsuserstosendinformationfromcomputerswithoutusingtheInternet.(Banks有一个想法。他创建了一些名为FrontlineSMS的计算机软件,该软件允许用户在不使用互联网的情况下从计算机发送信息。)”及第四段“FrontlineSMSisasuccessfulexampleoftakinganideaandmakingitareality.(FrontlineSMS是一个成功的例子,它把一个想法变成现实。)”可知,文章主要讲述Banks将自己的想法变成现实,成功创造FrontlineSMS的故事,鼓励我们将自己的想法变成现实并提出建议。故推知文章标题应是TurningIdeasintoReality。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Turfhousesare,quitesimply,halfundergroundhouseswithagrassyroof.Theydatebackover1,000yearstothe9thCentury,whenbuildingaturfhousewasthetraditionalwayinIceland.Iceland’sresourcesthenconsistedofplentyofwetlandsandvolcanicstone,butrelativelylittlewoodlandcomparedtosettlers’homecountries.____16____Likemanytraditions,turfhousessurvived,butdeveloped.Inthe14thCenturyViking-stylelonghouses(thin,long,sharedspaces)gavewaytoindividual,smallerbuildings.____17____Turfhousesmadewaytomoremodern,recognisablebuildingsinthe20thCentury,buttheystillexistasmuseumsandheritage(遗产)buildingstoday.____18____Duetothedifficultclimate,itwasessentialthatthehousesshouldbewell-insulated(保温).Besides,thelackofavailabilityofwoodandtherichnessofothersuitablematerialsincludinglavarockandturfmadeturfhousesavailable.Turfprovidesgreatinsulationforbuildingscomparedtothosemadeofwoodorstonealone.Fromtheturnofthe20thCentury,Icelandersincreasinglymovedintolargercitysettlements,leavingturfhousesbehind.____19____Modernturfhousestendtooperateasmuseums,thoughsomeoffershort-termholidayaccommodation.WhilethenumberofturfhousesinIcelandreducedgreatlyinthe20thCentury,therapidgrowthofIceland’stourisminthelast20yearsorsohasencouragedIcelandtoreexaminethevalueoftraditionalbuildings.____20____TheTurfHouseTraditionwaslistedaspotentialnominees(提名)forUNESCOWorldHeritageSitesinIceland,whichincludedjustsixplacesofimportance.A.Turfhouseshavegreatadvantages.B.Thelastresidentsmovedoutoftheirturf-housesaround1966.C.TherearetwomainreasonswhyturfhouseswerebuiltinIceland.D.That’swhyearlyIcelandersfacedashortageofbuildingmaterials.E.So,usingstoneandturfwasareasonablechoiceinbuildingshelter.F.Abigsteptowardsprotectingthisnationalheritagewasmadein2011.G.Thelate18thCenturysawthearrivaloftheturfhousewithwoodenends.【答案】16.E17.G18.C19.B20.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍冰岛的草皮屋,建造的原因及其发展的历史。【16题详解】上文“Iceland’sresourcesthenconsistedofplentyofwetlandsandvolcanicstone,butrelativelylittlewoodlandcomparedtosettlers’homecountries.(冰岛的资源包括大量的湿地和火山石,但与定居者的国家相比,林地相对较少。)”说明冰岛的湿地和火山石资源丰富。E项“So,usingstoneandturfwasareasonablechoiceinbuildingshelter.(因此,使用石头和草皮是建造避难所是一个合理的选择。)”承接上文,冰岛利用自己的湿地和火山石资源建造避难所。故选E。【17题详解】下文“Turfhousesmadewaytomoremodern,recognisablebuildingsinthe20thCentury,buttheystillexistasmuseumsandheritage(遗产)buildingstoday.(草皮屋在20世纪让位给更现代,可识别的建筑物,但它们今天仍然作为博物馆和遗产建筑存在。)”说明草皮屋在20世纪前很流行。G项“Thelate18thCenturysawthearrivaloftheturfhousewithwoodenends.(18世纪末期,可以看到木屋的结束和草皮屋的到来。)”引出下文,介绍草皮屋存在和流行的时期。故选G。【18题详解】下文“Duetothedifficultclimate,itwasessentialthatthehousesshouldbewell-insulated(保温).Besides,thelackofavailabilityofwoodandtherichnessofothersuitablematerialsincludinglavarockandturfmadeturfhousesavailable.(由于气候恶劣,房屋必须保温。此外,木材的缺乏以及包括熔岩和草皮在内的其他合适材料的丰富性使得草皮房屋可用。)”解释建造草皮屋的原因。C项“TherearetwomainreasonswhyturfhouseswerebuiltinIceland.(在冰岛建造草皮屋有两个主要原因。)”引出下文,解释建造草皮屋的原因。故选C。【19题详解】上文“Fromtheturnofthe20thCentury,Icelandersincreasinglymovedintolargercitysettlements,leavingturfhousesbehind.(从20世纪初开始,冰岛人越来越多地迁入更大的城市定居点,永远离开草皮屋)”说明从20世纪初开始,冰岛人离开草皮屋。B项“Thelastresidentsmovedoutoftheirturf-housesaround1966.(最后的居民在1966年左右搬出了他们的草皮屋。)”承接上文,说明从20世纪初开始,冰岛人搬出草皮屋。故选B。【20题详解】下文“TheTurfHouseTraditionwaslistedaspotentialnominees(提名)forUNESCOWorldHeritageSitesinIceland,whichincludedjustsixplacesofimportance.(草皮屋传统被列为冰岛联合国教科文组织世界遗产的潜在提名,这些提名中仅包括六个重要地点。)”说明草皮屋被提名为联合国教科文组织世界遗产。F项“Abigsteptowardsprotectingthisnationalheritagewasmadein2011.(2011年,在保护这一民族遗产方面迈出了一大步。)”引出下文,通过将草皮屋提名为联合国教科文组织世界遗产来保护草皮屋。故选F。第三部分语言运用(共三节,满分35分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。GillieandMarchavebeencalled“themostsuccessfulandproductivecreatorsofpublicartinNewYork’sHistory”bytheNewYorkTimes.Creatingsomeoftheworld’smostinnovativepublicsculptures,GillieandMarcareillustratingwhatpublicartshouldbe,____21____messagesoflove,equality,andconservation(保护)aroundtheworld.Theartistsarebestknownfortheirbeloved____22____,RabbitwomanandDogman,whotellthetaleoftwooppositescomingtogethertobecomebestfriendsandsoulmates.As____23____animalkingdom(王国)companions,theRabbitandtheDogstandfordifferenceandacceptancethrough____24____.GillieandMarcbelieveartisa(n)____25____platformforchange.Theirart____26____theimportanceoftogetherness,aswellasthenecessityof____27____thenaturalworld—forweareit,anditisus.Throughtheirart,GillieandMarcintendtotransform____28____audiencesintoactivesupportersforanimalconservation.Their____29____istousetheirworkasaplatformtocontinuespreadingawarenessaboutendangerment,whichwillultimatelyleadto____30____andsavespeciesfromextinction.Theirarthasraisedhundredsofthousandsindonationsforthemanywildlifecharitiesandcausestheysupport.21.A.spreading B.explaining C.studying D.collecting22.A.animals B.characters C.kids D.friends23.A.close B.ideal C.unlikely D.unfamiliar24.A.love B.hope C.dream D.struggle25.A.ordinary B.powerful C.formal D.professional26.A.means B.highlights C.balances D.accepts27.A.exploring B.enjoying C.protecting D.reshaping28.A.passive B.curious C.enthusiastic D.impatient29.A.goal B.reason C.advice D.request30.A.equality B.peace C.change D.agreement【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.A25.B26.B27.C28.A29.A30.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Gillie和Marc被《纽约时报》称为“纽约历史上最成功、最多产的公共艺术创作者”。他们创作了一些世界上最具创新性的公共雕塑,展示了什么是公共艺术,在世界各地传播爱、平等和保护的信息。他们的艺术强调了团结的重要性,以及保护自然世界的必要性。21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:Gillie和Marc创作了一些世界上最具创新性的公共雕塑,展示了什么是公共艺术,在世界各地传播爱、平等和保护的信息。A.spreading传播;B.explaining解释;C.studying学习;D.collecting收集。根据后文“messagesoflove,equality,andconservationaroundtheworld”可知指在世界各地传播爱、平等和保护的信息,呼应最后一段中的“spreading”。故选A。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:两位艺术家最著名的作品是他们所喜爱的角色——兔女和狗人,她们讲述了两个截然相反的人走到一起成为最好的朋友和灵魂伴侣的故事。A.animals动物;B.characters角色,人物;C.kids孩子;D.friends朋友。根据后文“RabbitwomanandDogman,whotellthetaleoftwooppositescomingtogethertobecomebestfriendsandsoulmates”可知,兔女和狗人是故事中的角色。故选B。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:兔子和狗不可能是动物王国的伙伴,它们通过爱代表着不同和接纳。A.close靠近的;B.ideal理想的;C.unlikely不可能的;D.unfamiliar不熟悉的。根据后文“animalkingdomcompanions,theRabbitandtheDogstandfordifference(动物王国的伙伴,兔子和狗代表着不同)”可知,兔子和狗不可能是动物王国的伙伴,故选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:兔子和狗不可能是动物王国的伙伴,它们通过爱代表着不同和接纳。A.love爱;B.hope希望;C.dream梦想;D.struggle挣扎。呼应上文“messagesoflove”此处指通过爱代表着不同和接纳。故选A。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:Gillie和Marc相信艺术是一个强大的变革平台。A.ordinary普通的;B.powerful强大的;C.formal正式的;D.professional专业的。Gillie和Marc通过艺术来表达自己的观点,因为艺术是一个强大的变革平台。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们的艺术强调了团结的重要性,以及保护自然世界的必要性——因为我们就是它,它就是我们。A.means意味着;B.highlights强调;C.balances平衡;D.accepts接受。根据后文“theimportanceoftogetherness”指强调团结的重要性,故选B。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们的艺术强调了团结的重要性,以及保护自然世界的必要性——因为我们就是它,它就是我们。A.exploring探索;B.enjoying欣赏;C.protecting保护;D.reshaping重塑。根据宾语“thenaturalworld”可知指保护自然世界,故选C。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:通过他们的艺术,Gillie和Marc打算将被动的观众转变为动物保护的积极支持者。A.passive被动的;B.curious好奇的;C.enthusiastic热情的;D.impatient无耐心的。与后文“audiencesintoactivesupportersforanimalconservation”中active形成对应,指将被动的观众转变为动物保护的积极支持者。故选A。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们的目标是利用他们的工作作为一个平台,继续传播濒危意识,这最终将导致改变和拯救物种灭绝。A.goal目标;B.reason理由;C.advice建议;D.request要求。根据后文“usetheirworkasaplatformtocontinuespreadingawarenessaboutendangerment”可知,利用他们的工作作为一个平台,继续传播濒危意识,这是他们的目标。故选A。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们的目标是利用他们的工作作为一个平台,继续传播濒危意识,这最终将导致改变和拯救物种灭绝。A.equality平等;B.peace和平;C.change改变;D.agreement同意。根据后文“andsavespeciesfromextinction”可知他们的行为最终将带来改变,拯救物种灭绝。故选C。第二节(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)请根据汉语意思及首字母将单词的完整形式写在答题卡上。31.Hewasunabletodealwiththeproblemsf_______(灵活).(根据中英文提示填空)【答案】flexibly##lexibly【解析】【详解】考查副词。句意:他无法灵活地处理这些问题。根据汉语和首字母提示可知,flexibly灵活地,副词作状语修饰动词短语dealwith。故填flexibly。32.Theshowisclearlyt_________(以…为目标)ontheyoung.(根据中英文提示填空)【答案】targeted##argeted【解析】【详解】考查语态。句意:这部剧显然是以年轻人为目标的。根据首字母以及汉语提示,空处应用动词target,表示“以……为目标”,与主语theshow之间是被动关系,所以空处应用动词的过去分词形式,与is构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填targeted。33.Her_______(营救)achildfromgettingdrownedlastsummer.(根据中英文提示填空)【答案】rescued##escued【解析】【详解】考查动词和时态。句意:去年夏天,他救了一个溺水的孩子。根据首字母以及汉语提示,空处应用动词rescue,表示“营救”,根据时间状语lastsummer可知,句子使用一般过去时,动词应用过去式形式。故填rescued。34.Humanlanguagep_______(允许)communicationaboutanything.(根据中英文提示填空)【答案】permits##ermits【解析】【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:人类的语言可以进行任何交流。根据汉语和首字母p提示可知,permit允许,动词作谓语;本句陈述事实,谓语动词需用一般现在时态,主语是单数,谓语动词需用单数。故填permits。35.Theyexchangedg_______(问候)atthebeginningofthebroadcast.(根据中英文提示填空)【答案】greetings##reetings【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意:他们在广播开始时互致问候。根据首字母和汉语提示,空处应用名词greeting,表示“问候”,使用名词的复数形式表示泛指,作动词exchanged的宾语。故填greetings。36.Hardworkcang_______(保证)agoodoutcomeintheperformance.(根据中英文提示填空)【答案】guarantee##uarantee【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意:辛勤工作可以保证演出取得好结果。根据首字母和汉语提示,空处应用动词guarantee,表示“保证”,情态动词can后接动词原形形式。故填guarantee。37.Thissoftwareismuchfriendlierthanthep_______(以前的)version.(根据中英文提示填空)【答案】previous##revious【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意:该软件比以前的版本友好得多。根据汉语提示及句子结构可知,此处应填形容词previous,作定语,修饰名词version,故填previous。38.She’susuallyveryshy,butshe’sg_______(慷慨的)andneverhesitatestohelp.(根据中英文提示填空)【答案】generous##enerous【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意:她通常很害羞,但她很慷慨,从不犹豫地提供帮助。根据汉语提示及句子结构可知,此处应填形容词generous,作表语,故填generous。39.Oneofmymajorc_______(担心)ishowtodealwiththerelationshipwithmyclassmates.(根据中英文提示填空)【答案】concerns##oncerns【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意:我关心的主要问题之一是如何处理与同学的关系。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示“担心”可知应填名词concern,此处为短语oneof+可数名词复数。故填concerns。40.John,aquietandverypoliteyoungman,madeafavorablei_______(印象)ontheinterview.(根据中英文提示填空)【答案】impression##mpression【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意:约翰是一个文静而有礼貌的年轻人,在面试中留下了良好的印象。根据首字母以及汉语提示,空处应用名词impre

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