2022年广东省广州市高一下学期期末英语综合测评题

广东省广州市2021-2022学年高一下学期英语期末综合测评卷第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AWomenhavebeenmakingscientificdiscoveriessinceancienttimes.TwelvewomenhavewontheNobelPrizeforscience,oneofthehighesthonorsintheworld.Somewomenscientistsnevermarried,someworkedwiththeirhusbands,andothersraisedlargefamilies.Ithasbeendifficultforwomentobesuccessfulscientists.Intheearly1800sinEngland,MaryAnningbecameoneofthefirstwomenrecognisedforherdiscoveriesabouttheancienthistoryoftheearth.MaryandherfathercollectedfossilsintheirvillageonthesouthcoastofGreatBritain.Fossilsarepartsofplantsoranimalsthathavebeensavedinrocksformillionsofyears.Whenshewasonlytwelveyearsold,Marybecamethefirstpersontofindthealmostcompleteskeletonsofseveralanimalsthatnolongerexistedonearth.Shedidn’tbecomefamousforherdiscoveriesatthattimebecausesheoftensoldherfossilstogetmoneytosupportherfamily.In1891ayoungPolishwomannamedMarieSklodowskatravelledtoParistostudyphysics.ShedidsobecauseshecouldnotgetacollegeeducationinPoland.ShebeganworkinginthelaboratoryofamannamedPierreCurie.MarieandPierreCuriegotmarriedandmademanydiscoveriestogether.TheyreceivedtheNobelPrizeforphysicsin1903alongwithanotherscientist.MarieCuriebecamethefirstpersontobeawardedasecondNobelPrizein1911,thistimeforchemistry.MarieCuriewasoneofthefewwomenatthetimewhobecamefamousasascientist.1.MaryAnningwasoneofthefirstwomento.A.researchanimalsandtheirbonesB.studythemysteryofallkindsofplantsC.wintheNobelPrizeforscienceaftergettingmarriedD.makeachievementsinthestudyoftheancienthistoryoftheearth2.WhatcanwelearnaboutMarieSklodowska?A.SheonlygotoneNobelPrizeduringherlifetime.B.Shemademanydiscoveriesaftershegotmarried.C.ShestudiedphysicsinPolandandgotacollegeeducation.D.ShereceivedtheNobelPrizeforphysicsin1903onherown.3.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A.Differentprizes. B.Ancientdiscoveries.C.Womenscientists. D.Successfulmarriages.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一些著名的女性科学家的故事。1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Intheearly1800sinEngland,MaryAnningbecameoneofthefirstwomenrecognisedforherdiscoveriesabouttheancienthistoryoftheearth.(在19世纪初的英国，玛丽·安妮因其对地球古代历史的发现而成为首批被认可的女性之一)”可知，玛丽·安妮是在地球古代史研究方面取得成就的最早的女性之一。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“MarieandPierreCuriegotmarriedandmademanydiscoveriestogether.(玛丽和皮埃尔·居里结婚了，在一起有了很多发现)”可知，玛丽·斯科洛多斯卡在结婚后有许多发现。故选B项。【3题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Womenhavebeenmakingscientificdiscoveriessinceancienttimes.TwelvewomenhavewontheNobelPrizeforscience,oneofthehighesthonorsintheworld.(自古以来，女性就一直在进行科学发现。12位女性获得了诺贝尔科学奖，这是世界上最高的荣誉之一)”以及文章对于玛丽·安妮和玛丽·斯科洛多斯卡的介绍可知，本文主要讲述了一些著名的女科学家的故事。故选C项。BOverthenext20years,wearegoingtosendmoreandbetterrobotstoMars.Thoserobotswillsendbackbetterpictures,maps,samples,andweatherreports.Thereisalimittowhatrobotscantellus,though,soeventuallywewillhavetosendpeopletostudytheplanet.BeforepeoplecanvisitMars,weneedtoinventaspaceshipthatcantakeusthere.Marsisveryfaraway.DependingonwhereMarsandEarthareintheirorbits(轨道)aroundthesun,itcouldtakebetweensixmonthstoayeartogetthere.Themoonismuchcloser,andwewerethere,25yearsago.Overthenext10years,wearegoingtoworkonbuildinganewspacecraftthatcangotothemoon.Usingthiscraft,wewillpractisetheskillsweneedtogotoMars.Oncewegettothemoon,wearegoingtobuildastationsothatpeoplecanliveandworkonthemoonformonthsatatime.ThisisimportantsothatwehaveaplacetostartfromwhenwewanttovisitMars,butitisalsoimportantbecauseitgivesuspracticewithlivingawayfromEarth.Bythetimeyouareoldenoughtobeanastronaut,wewillhavepeoplespendingmonthsonthemoon.BythetimeyouareoldenoughtobeacommanderofaspacemissionwewillbetakingtripstoMars.Bythetimeyourkidsareoldenoughtobeastronauts,wemayhavepeoplelivingonMars.Wouldn’titbecooltogetapostcardfromsomeonewhowasbuildingahouseonMars?Wouldn’titbecoolerifitwasyouwhosentthepostcard?4WeeventuallyhavetosendpeopletoMarsbecause_________.A.thepicturesthatrobotshavesentbackarenotveryclearB.robotscan’ttellusallwewanttoknowC.robotsarecontrolledbyushumansD.thesamplesrobotshavesentbackarenotgoodenough5.FromthefirstparagraphwecanseethedistancebetweenEarthandMars________.A.isnotalwaysthesameB.isnearlythesameC.isunchangeableD.neverchangesverymuch6.Aspacestationonthemoonisimportantbecause________.A.peoplecanlearntoadapttolivingonotherplanetsB.peoplecanpractiseplantingcropsinitC.thenewspacecraftcanonlylandinitD.astronautscanpractiseskillstheyneedtogotoMars7.Theauthorofthepassage________.A.thinksthattripstothemoonareanunrealisticdreamB.encourageskidstobeastronautsC.hopestoreceiveapostcardfromMarsD.issurepeople’sdreamoflivingonMarswillcometrue【答案】4.B5.A6.A7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍人类对火星的探索，并对未来予以憧憬。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句“Thereisalimittowhatrobotscantellus,though,soeventuallywewillhavetosendpeopletostudytheplanet.(然而，机器人能够告诉我们的信息是有限的，所以我们最终还是要将人类送上火星，研究火星)”可知，我们之所以需要将人类送上火星，是因为仅凭机器人，我们所掌握的信息是有限的。故选B项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句“DependingonwhereMarsandEarthareintheirorbits(轨道)aroundthesun,itcouldtakebetweensixmonthstoayeartogetthere.(按照火星和地球围绕太阳时的轨道，到达火星需要6至12个月的时间)”可知，从地球到火星需要6至12个月的时间，由此可知，火星和地球之间的距离是不定的。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句“ThisisimportantsothatwehaveaplacetostartfromwhenwewanttovisitMars,butitisalsoimportantbecauseitgivesuspracticewithlivingawayfromEarth.(月球空间站很重要，如此一来，当我们想要访问火星时，我们就有了一个开始的地方，不过还有一点也很重要，是空间站给人们提供了离开地球生活的实践经历)”可知，空间站可以给人们提供离开地球生活的实践经历，说明人们在空间站可以学会适应其他星球上的生活。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的第三句“Bythetimeyourkidsareoldenoughtobeastronauts,wemayhavepeoplelivingonMars.(等你的孩子足以成为航天员时，我们可能会有些人在火星上生活)”可知，作者认为到了后代，会有人在火星上生活，说明作者相信人类在火星上生活的梦想终会实现。故选D项。CTerryEvanshenwasoneofCanadianfootball’sgreatestreceivers.Heplayedeverydown(进攻)asifitwashislast.Thoughhehadmadegreatachievements,Terry’smemoriesofhisplayingdayshavebeencompletelylost.Itwasinthesummerof1988afterheretiredfromplayingthathiscareerinsaleswastakingoff.OnedayinJuly,Terry,onhiswayhomefromwork,hadaterriblecaraccident.Hewasknockedunconscious,andwithinminuteshewasrushedtothenearbyhospital.Threeweekslater,hewokeup.However,itbecameobviousthatTerry’sinjurieswerefarmoreseriousthanwhateverdamagehadbeendonetohisbody.Alifetimeofmemorieshadbeencompletelywipedclean.Hehadbeenallbutreducedtothelevelofababy;everythingfromhisabilitytotalkandwalktohisunderstandingofwhatitmeanttobeahusbandandafatherwasallgone.Atage44,TerryEvanshenwouldbestartingalloveragain.Luckilyhehadthesupportofhisfamily,helpedbysmallvictoriesandarenewedbondbetweenhimandhisthreedaughterslikewhentheytaughthimhowtoplayfootballagain.In1992,hisrecoveryreallybegantopickupsteam.Ithastakenyearstorebuildhisshattered(破碎的)life,buttoday,morethan20yearssincehisplayingdays,Terryisapopularpublicspeaker.Hetellshisstoryofperseverance(坚持不懈)andcourage.“Neverforget,we’reallinthisgameoflifetogether.Wewillgettothefinishingline,onedayatatime,onemomentatatime,butcelebratethejourney.Seizetoday,becauseyesterdayisgoneandisnevercomingback.”AsthesubjectofthemostwatchedCanadianmovieof2005,TheManWhoLostHimself,Evanshensayshisfamilyhasbeenhismostimportanttreasure.Herefusestobeavictim,sayingheisasurvivor.8.In1988,Evanshenwas.A.abusinessman B.apublicspeakerC.afootballplayer D.afatheroftwodaughters9.Afterthecaraccidenthappened,whatwastheworstthingforEvanshen?A.Hewouldneverdriveagain.B.Hecouldn’tstandupanymore.C.Hesufferedaseriousphysicalinjury.D.Helosthismemoriesandallhisability.10.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.TerryEvanshen’sLifeB.AGreatFootballPlayerC.TheManWhoLostHimselfD.What’saPerseveringPersonLike?11.WhichofthefollowingwordcanbethebesttodescribeTerryEvanshen’sstory?A.Admirable. B.Inspiring.C.Rewarding. D.Imaginary.【答案】8.A9.D10.C11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了加拿大橄榄球史上最伟大的接球手之一TerryEvanshen在遭遇车祸失去记忆后，在家人的支持和自己的努力下，重获新生。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段的第一句话“Itwasinthesummerof1988afterheretiredfromplayingthathiscareerinsaleswastakingoff.”（1988年夏天，他退役后，他的销售事业开始腾飞。）可知，Evanshen在1988年退役之后，他成为一名销售人员，也就是商人，故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Alifetimeofmemorieshadbeencompletelywipedclean.Hehadbeenallbutreducedtothelevelofababy;everythingfromhisabilitytotalkandwalktohisunderstandingofwhatitmeanttobeahusbandandafatherwasallgone.”（一辈子的记忆都被彻底抹去了。他几乎退化到一个婴儿的水平了；从他说话和走路的能力，到他对成为丈夫和父亲意味着什么的理解，一切都消失了。）可知，他失去了记忆力和所有的能力。故选D。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“In1992,hisrecoveryreallybegantopickupsteam.Ithastakenyearstorebuildhisshattered(破碎的)life,buttoday,morethan20yearssincehisplayingdays,Terryisapopularpublicspeaker.”（1992年，他的病情真正开始好转。特里花了数年时间来重建他破碎的生活，但今天，距离他的球员时代已经20多年了，他是一个受欢迎的公共演说家。）以及全文内容可知，本文介绍的是一个橄榄球球星退役后遭遇车祸并且失忆，之后在家人的支持和自己的努力下重获新生的故事。C项巧妙地借用了文中最后一段出现的电影名TheManWhoLostHimself来概括该故事的核心内容。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Hetellshisstoryofperseverance(坚持不懈)andcourage.”（他讲述了他的毅力和勇气的故事。）可推断出，TerryEvanshen的故事是一个励志的故事。故选B。DThesituationoftheworld’splantsisnotgood.Onefifthofthekindsofplantsareindangerofdisappearing,accordingtoareport.“Plantsareveryvitaltohumanbeings,”saidKathyWillis,wholedthenewreport.“Plantsprovideuswitheverything—food,fuel,andmedicine,andtheyareveryimportantforourclimatecontrolling.Withoutplantswewouldnotbehere.”Thegoodnewsisthatdeforestationratesaroundtheworldhavedroppedlargelysincethe1950s.However,thisreportonthehealthofplantsaroundtheworldshowsthatthereismuchmoretobedone.Thereportpredictsthattherearenow390,900kindsofplants.Andabout21percentofthoseplantsareindangerofdisappearing.“Thegoodsideisthatwe’restilldiscoveringlotsofnewplants,about2,000eachyear,”saidDr.Willis.“Thebadsideisthatwe’veseenahugechangeinlandcover,mainlycausedbyculturalactivity,withalittlebitofclimatechangeinthereaswell.”Humanactivityhasagreateffectonthedangerofplantsdisappearing.Ashumanscutdownforeststomakeroomforagriculture,townsandcities,biodiversityislost.Thiscouldnotonlyaffectourownfoodsupplydirectly,butalsoaffectthefoodweb.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vital”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Useless. B.Friendly. C.Equal. D.Important.13.WhichofthefollowingdoesDr.Willisagreewith?A.Newplantsaremorethaneverbefore. B.Abouthalftheplantswilldisappearsoon.C.Manynewplantsarefoundeveryyear. D.Plantsmustn’tbeusedtoproducemedicine.14.Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdparagraph?A.Wehavemadelittleprogress. B.Thereisalongwayforustogo.C.Wehaveachievedourgoal. D.Therewillbenothingwecando.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BiodiversityBeingLost B.HumanSocialActivityC.EnvironmentProtection D.NatureClimateChange【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要从五分之一的植物物种面临消失的危险出发，引出植物对人类的重要性、当前植物所面临的险境，以及导致生物多样性丧失的原因进行了详细的介绍，指出这种变化最终将会危害到人类自身。【12题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Plantsprovideuswitheverything-food,fuel,medicine,andtheyareveryimportantforourclimatecontrolling.Withoutplantswewouldnotbehere.(植物为我们提供了一切——食物、燃料、药物，它们对我们控制气候非常重要。没有植物，我们就不会在这里)”可知，KathyWillis说的是植物对人类非常重要。可知画线词意思为“重要的”。A.Useless.无用的；B.Friendly.友好的；C.Equal.平等的；D.Important.重要的。故选D。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中““Thegoodsideisthatwe’restilldiscoveringlotsofnewplants,about2,000eachyear,”saidDr.Willis.(Willis博士说：“好的一面是我们仍在发现大量的新植物，每年大约有2000种。”)”结合选项可知，Willis博士会同意C选项“每年都发现许多新植物”的说法。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“However,thisreportonthehealthofplantsaroundtheworldshowsthatthereismuchmoretobedone.(然而，这份关于世界各地植物健康状况的报告表明，还有很多工作要做)”可知，我们还有很长的路要走。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Humanactivityhasagreateffectonthedangerofplantsdisappearing.Ashumanscutdownforeststomakeroomforagriculture,andtownsandcities,biodiversityislost.Thiscouldnotonlyaffectourownfoodsupplydirectly,butalsoitcouldaffectthefoodweb.(人类活动对植物消失的危险有很大的影响。当人类为了给农业和城镇腾出空间而砍伐森林时，生物多样性就消失了。这不仅会直接影响到我们的食物供应，还会影响到食物网)”结合文章主要讲述植物物种面临消失，植物对人类非常重要，植物所面临的险境会导致生物多样性丧失，这种变化最终将会危害到人类自身。可知A选项“生物多样性正在丧失”符合文章标题。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。PatrickModiano,thewinneroftheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2014,seemsless－knownamonggeneralChinesereaders.InDongQiang'sopinion,aprofessoratPekingUniversity,ModianohasbeenacelebratedwriterinFranceeversince.___16___WhatsurprisedhimwasthataFrenchwriterwasawardedtheNobel,sinceitwasonlysixyearsagothatanotherFrenchwriter,LeClezio,tooktheprize.BorninawesternParissuburbinJuly1945—twomonthsafterWorldWarⅡendedinEurope—ModianospentmostofhislifeinFranceandstudiedinParis,thetoppreparatoryschoolinFrance.RaymondQueneau,awriter,wasoneofhisteachersthere.___17___InthefirstinterviewModianogaveafterwinningtheNobel,heexplainedthatwritingforhimwasanaturalthingthathestartedquiteyoung,“___18___”Modianohaspublishedabout30works,includingnovels,filmscriptsandchildren'sbooks,sincehisfirstbook,LaPlacedel′toile,in1968.Modiano'sworksfocusontheoccupationofFranceduringWorldWarⅡ.___19___JinLongge,whohastranslatedthreebooksbyModianointoChinese,says,“___20___Buttheyarenotdetectivenovels,becausetheanswerstotheriddlessetoutinhisnovelsusuallyremainuntoldandthereaderislefttofindhisownanswers.”A.Hehadamajorinfluenceonhim.B.Hisworksreadlikedetectivenovels.C.Itwasnotasurprisethathewontheprize.D.It'ssomethingthat'sbeenpartofmylife.E.Theywillbepublishedinthecomingmonths.F.Theyinvitethereadertoseekidentitythroughmemoryandhistory.G.Manyofhisreaderscametoknowofhimandstartedtoreadhisworks.【答案】16.C17.A18.D19.F20.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了PatrickModiano——2014年诺贝尔文学奖获得者。【16题详解】下文谈到令人惊奇的是，仅仅相隔6年，又有一个法国作家获奖。可见，董强对PatrickModiano的获奖并不意外，故选C。【17题详解】根据上文中awriter的暗示，可知，这个老师对PatrickModiano有一定的影响，故选A。【18题详解】上文中提到PatrickModiano认为写作对他来说是很自然的事情，这与本项中的“写作成了他生命中的一部分”相呼应，故选D。【19题详解】根据上文可知，其著作主要聚焦二战中被占领的法国，这与本项中的“透过记忆和历史寻求认同感”相呼应，故选F。【20题详解】根据下文中Buttheyarenotdetectivenovels可知，但他们不是侦探小说，这与本选项“他的作品读起来像侦探小说”相呼应，故选B。第二部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ThisstoryhappenedwhenGandhijiwaspracticinglawinthecityofJohannesburginSouthAfrica.Hisofficewasthreemilesfromhis___21___.Onedayacolleagueofhis,MrPolak,askedGandhiji’sthirteen-year-oldson,Manilaltofetchabookfromtheoffice.ButManilal___22___forgottillMrPolak___23___himthatevening.Gandhijiheardaboutitand___24___Manilal.Hesaid,“Son,Iknowthenightisdarkandthewayislongandlonely.Youwillhaveto___25___nearlysixmilesbutyougaveyour___26___toMr.Polak.Youpromisedtofetchhisbook.Goandfetchitnow.”Thefamilywere___27___whentheyheardofGandhiji’s___28___.Thepunishmentseemedtoo___29___.Manilalwasonlyachild,thenightwasdarkandthewaywaslonely.Hehadonlyforgottenabook____30____.Itcouldbebroughtthenextday.Thiswaswhattheyallfelt,butnoonehadthe____31____tosayanything.TheyknewthatonceGandhiji’smindwasmadeup,nobodycouldchangeit.AtlastKalyanBhaigatheredupcourage.“I’llfetchthebook,”he____32____.Gandhijiwasgentlebut____33____,“ButthepromisewasmadebyManilal.”“Verywell,Manilalwillgobutletmegowithhim,”KalyanBhaipleaded(请求).GandhijiagreedtothisandManilal____34____withKalyanBhaitofetchthebook.ThekindandgentleGandhijicouldbefirmasarockattimes.HesawthatManilal____35____hiswordanddidashehadpromised.21.A.school B.hotel C.house D.station22.A.completely B.exactly C.hardly D.gradually23.A.scolded B.reminded C.invited D.encouraged24.A.camewith B.caughtup C.broughtup D.sentfor25.A.travel B.walk C.ride D.swim26.A.warning B.order C.word D.sign27.A.ashamed B.upset C.excited D.eager28.A.decision B.explanation C.cause D.situation29.A.gentle B.reasonable C.severe D.suitable30.A.rightaway B.afterall C.aswell D.forever31.A.courage B.interest C.method D.opportunity32.A.shouted B.offered C.agreed D.concluded33.A.firm B.honest C.impolite D.lucky34.A.setoff B.setaside C.setup D.setdown35.A.broke B.made C.kept D.carried【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.B26.C27.B28.A29.C30.B31.A32.B33.A34.A35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述Gandhiji在日常生活中严格要求自己孩子的一件小事，展示了他言出必行的性格和诚实守信的人格魅力。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的办公室离他家三英里。A.school学校；B.hotel宾馆；C.house房屋；家；D.station车站。根据下文“askedGandhiji’sthirteen-year-oldson,Manilaltofetchabookfromtheoffice”推知，Gandhiji的办公室离他家有三英里的路程。故选C。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但Manilal完全忘记了，直到那天晚上Polak先生提醒他。A.completely完全地；B.exactly确切地；C.hardly几乎不；D.gradually逐渐地。根据“tillMrPolak___3___himthatevening.”可知，直到Polak先生晚上提醒Manilal，他才记起自己已经把这件事彻底地忘掉了。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但Manilal完全忘记了，直到那天晚上Polak先生提醒他。A.scolded责骂；B.reminded提醒；C.invited邀请；D.encouraged鼓励。remindsb提醒某人。根据“ButManilal___2___forgot”可知，Polak先生晚上提醒Manilal。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Gandhiji听说了这件事，派人去找Manilal。A.camewith伴随；B.caughtup赶上；跟上；C.broughtup抚养；呕吐；D.sentfor派人去叫/请某人。根据“Gandhijiheardaboutit”可知，Gandhiji知道儿子忘记取书这件事后就派人把他找回来。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你得走近六英里，但你向Manilal先生保证过的。A.travel旅行；B.walk步行；C.ride骑；D.swim游泳。根据下文“Manilalwasonlyachild,thenightwasdarkandthewaywaslonely.”可知，Manilal必须步行去办公室。故选B。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你得走近六英里，但你向Polak先生许诺过的。A.warning警告；B.order命令；C.word话；D.sign签名。giveone’sword做出许诺。根据“Youpromisedtofetchhisbook.”可知，Manilal对Polak先生作出过承诺。故选C。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Gandhiji的家人听到Gandhiji的决定后很不安。A.ashamed害羞的；B.upset心烦的；C.excited激动的；D.eager渴望的。根据“Manilalwasonlyachild,thenightwasdarkandthewaywaslonely.”可知，Gandhijii13岁的儿子晚上去离家挺远的办公室取书，他的这一决定让家人很不安。故选B。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Gandhiji的家人听到Gandhiji的决定后很不安。A.decision决定；B.explanation解释；C.cause起因；D.situation情形；形势。根据第二段“Goandfetchitnow.”可知，Gandhiji做出了决定。故选A。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：惩罚似乎太严厉了。A.gentle温柔的；B.reasonable合理的；C.severe严厉；D.suitable合适的。根据“Manilalwasonlyachild,thenightwasdarkandthewaywaslonely.”可知，这个处罚对于Manilal来说真是太严厉了。故选C。【30题详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：他只是忘记拿一本书罢了。A.rightaway立刻，马上；B.afterall毕竟；终究；C.aswell也；D.forever永远。根据“Itcouldbebroughtthenextday.”可知，Gandhiji家人认为Manilal毕竟只是忘记去取一本书，又不是其他重要的东西，也可以第二天去取。故选B。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是他们所有人的感受，但谁也没有勇气说什么。A.courage勇气；B.interest兴趣；C.method方法；D.opportunity机会。根据“AtlastKalyanBhaigatheredupcourage.”可知，起初的时候没人有勇气对Gandhiji决定提出质疑。故选A。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我去拿书，”他主动提出说。A.shouted大喊；B.offered主动提出；C.agreed同意；D.concluded得出结论。根据“I’llfetchthebook,”可知，KalyanBhai主动提出去拿书。故选B。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Gandhiji温和而坚定，“但这是Manilal做出的承诺。”A.firm坚定的；B.honest诚实的；C.impolite不礼貌的；D.lucky幸运的。根据“Gandhijiwasgentle”和转折词but可知，他语气温和，但很坚定。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Gandhiji同意了，Manilal和KalyanBhai一起出发去取书。A.setoff出发；动身；B.setaside留出；拨出（时间等）；C.setup创立；建立；D.setdown记下；写下。根据““Verywell,Manilalwillgobutletmegowithhim,”KalyanBhaipleaded(请求).”可知，在得到许可后，Manilal和KalyanBhai动身去拿书了。故选A。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他看到Manilal信守诺言，兑现了他的诺言。A.broke打破；B.made使得；C.kept保存；D.carried携带。keepone’sword=keepone’spromise遵守诺言。根据“anddidashehadpromised.”可知，Gandhiji确保Manilal遵守并履行自己的诺言。故选C。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Ecotourismiscommonlyregardedaslowimpact(影响)traveltoundisturbedplaces.Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome___36___(educate)abouttheareas-bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe___37___(develop)ofthelocalareas.Ecotourismhas___38___(it)originwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconcept___39___thelate1980s.Duringthattime,increasingenvironmentalawarenessmadeitdesirable.Dueto___40___growingpopularityofenvironmentally-relatedandadventuretravel,varioustypes___41___tripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.Actually,atrueeco-friendlytripmustmeetthefollowingprinciples:·Minimizetheimpactof___42___(visit)theplace.·Buildrespectforandawarenessoftheenvironmentandculturalpractices.·Provide___43___(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.·MakesurethatthetourismprovidesexperiencesforboththevisitorsandthehostsKomodoNationalPark,officiallyrecognizedin1980,ispopularforecotourismbecauseofitsuniquebiodiversity.___44___(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)andaccommodationsaim____45____(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.【答案】36.educated37.development38.its39.until40.the41.of42.visiting43.financial44.Activities45.tohave【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述生态旅游通常被认为是到原始地区的低影响旅游。但是由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。实际上，生态旅游必须满足一些规定。【36题详解】考查形容词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，此处查固定搭配becomeeducatedabout表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。【38题详解】考查代词。句意：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词origin可知，此处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词origin。故填its。【39题详解】考查固定句型。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型“not……until……”。故填until。【40题详解】考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growingpopularityofenvironmental-relatedandadventuretravel”可知，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，所以应填定冠词the。故填the。【41题详解】考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。varioustypesof为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”，所以空格处应填of。故填of。【42题详解】考查动名词。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。【43题详解】考查形容词。句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知，空格处应填形容词来修饰名词aid，finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。【44题详解】考查名词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知，空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填Activities。【45题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aimtodo译为“旨在，目的是”。故填tohave。第三部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假定你是李华,你的英国笔友Chris写信告诉你由于他常在手机上玩在线游戏上瘾,导致学习成绩下降,而且为此和父母发生了争吵,心里很烦恼。你回信劝说他正确解决这个问题。内容包括：1.表示理解：2.指出玩手机在线游戏上瘾的危害3.提出建议,例如跟父母亲好好沟通等。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。DearChris,I’msorrytohearthatyou’resufferingfromonlinegameaddiction._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearChris,I’msorrytohearthatyou’resufferingfromonlinegameaddiction.IcompletelyunderstandhowyoufeelandI’mwritingtohelpyouwiththeproblem.Actually,long-timeexposuretoonlinegamesaffectsnotonlyyouracademicperformancebutalsoyourhealth.I’dliketoofferyousomesuggestions.Firstofall,startsomeotherhobbies,suchasreadingandworkingoutregularly,whichwilltakeyourmindoffthegameandhelpyouresistthetemptation.Besides,itisalsoanecessitytohaveaheart-to-heartconversationwithyourparents.Ihopetheseideascanhelpyougetridofyouraddictionassoonaspossible.Bestwishes!Yours,LiHua【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文写作。【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封电子邮件；假定你是李华,你的英国笔友Chris写信告诉你由于他常在手机上玩在线游戏上瘾,导致学习成绩下降,而且为此和父母发生了争吵,心里很烦恼。你回信劝说他正确解决这个问题。内容包括：1.表示理解：2.指出玩手机在线游戏上瘾的危害3.提出建议,例如跟父母亲好好沟通等。第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：onlinegame（网络游戏），exposureto（接触），academicperformance（学校表现）；workout（锻炼），temptation（诱惑）；heart-to-heart（诚实的）等。第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如Actually,long-timeexposuretoonlinegamesaffectsnotonlyyouracademicperformancebutalsoyourhealth.运用了notonly…butalso结构；Firstofall,startsomeotherhobbies,suchasreadingandworkingoutregularly,whichwilltakeyourmindoffthegameandhelpyouresistthetemptation.运用了非限定性定语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。Formanyyears,Ihadarecurringdream.Iwasalittlegirlagain,rushingabout,tryingtogetreadyforschool.“Hurry,you'llbelateforschool,”mymothercalledtome.“Iamhurrying,Mom!WhatdidIdowithmybooks?”DeepinsideIknewwherethedreamcamefrom.Itwasaboutsomeunfinishedbusinessinmylife.Asakid,Ilovedeverythingaboutschool.Ilovedbooks,teachers,testsandhomework.MostofallIlongedtosomedaymarchdowntheaisletoreceivemydiploma.Thatseemedmoreappealingeventhangettingmarried.Butat15,Ihadtodropoutbecausemyparentscouldn'taffordtuition.Myhopeofgettingadiplomawasdead,orsoIthought.Prettysoon,Imarriedandhadthreechildren,andIthought:“Theregoesmydiploma.”Evenso,Iwantedmychildrentobeeducated.ButLinda,ouryoungestchild,hadjuvenilearthritisinherhandsandknees,whichmadeitimpossibleforhertofunctioninanormalclassroom.IfeltsorryforherandIdidn'twanthertoliveherlifewithregret.Ididn'tgiveuphopeofherbeingbacktoschoolinsomeway.Oneday,Isawanadinthenewspaperforeveningcourses.“That'stheanswer,”Isaidtomyself.Lindaalwaysfeelsbetterintheevening,soI'lljustsignherupfornightschool.Lindawasbusyfillingoutenrollmentformswhenthesecretarysaid:“Mrs.Schantz,whyd